نشریه ارتقای بهداشت نظامی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1400)

Identifying the factors that affect the mortality of COVID-19 patients can play an important role in preventing death in these cases. Para clinical factors can be one of the effective factors on COVID 19 patientschr('39') mortality. Due to the presence of controversy between studies, this study aimed to determine the role of Para clinical factors on the mortality of COVID-19 patients in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The current systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using PRISMA protocol in international databases including Medline / PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar. Due to the presence of heterogeneity between studies, the random effect model (95% CI)-was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and the risk ratio (HR). Data were analyzed using Stata11 software. The Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochranchr('39')s Q indicators, I2 index, and T2 test.

the serum Creatinine, OR:1.95 (1.54-2.47), serum Bilirubin OR: 3.07(1.10-8.57), and urea Nitrogen, OR: 3.52 (1.11-10.09) increase significantly the risk of death from COVID 19(P<0.05), However, Lymphocyte count and serum Albumin didn’t show a significant relationship with the mortality of COVID-19 patients(P>0.05).

it seems some Para clinical factors, such as serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and high levels of urea nitrogen, are associated with COVID-19 mortality. Therefore, paying attention to these factors can play an important role in reducing the mortality of these patients.

COVID-19 has been recognized as one of the important public health issues and affected many regions of the world. Assessment and improving health literacy regarding this pandemic disease may contribute to control its spread. So, the current study designed with an objective to measure health literacy in a sample of general population and identify the likely associated factors.

Using a cross-sectional study a number of 590 Iranian people included in a convenient sample who were users of nationally authorized social virtual networks were assessed.    A demographic questionnaire as well as Health Literacy Scale on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (51 items) were used to collect data. Student t test and one way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 24 were administered for data analysis.

The mean score of health literacy was 3.49 from 4 with SD=0.28. Measuring health literacy in the sample showed despite a relatively acceptable score in all domains, the score was higher in behavior domain. However, the scores in communication and analysis domains were lower than other dimensions. Also, based on findings factors such as age, gender, education level, academic major, and economic status were associated significantly (p<0.05) with health literacy.

Findings revealed that to improve health literacy of community on prevention of the disease further planning and educational interventions for theoretical domains of communication and analysis may be required. Also it is suggested any measurements or attempts toward health literacy promotion of Iranian population would be considered based on factors such as age, sex, academic major and economic status that may be associated with this concept.

 Safety and security are the most imporant for achieving the desired standards for the comfort and Welfare of the people. For this reason, threatening the infrastructure of society such as water facilities is always one of the main aims of terrorists. As a result, precautionary measures based on passive defense principles are a necessery in such facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the security of water facilities in Taleghan city with a passive defense approach.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Taleghan city of Alborz province. The assessment of the degree observance of passive defense principles was performed by completing the checklists for drinking water facilities by field visits, observation, interviews, review of necessary documents and consultation with the head of operation and ABFA experts. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. 

The overall situation of the passive defense principles observance in the Hashtgerd city water facilities was evaluated at a moderate level. The Well N.4 and 1 with the lowest mean score (56%) was at the weak level and water storage tank N.2 with the highest mean score (67.84%) was at the average level. In the overall evaluation of the observance level of passive defense principles, the hardening with the highest score (71.25 %) at the average level and the principle of dispersion, camouflage and Concealment with the lowest score (46.2%) were evaluated at a poor level.

The results of this study showed that improving the security situation of water facilities in Taleghan in terms of the quantitiy and quality of observance and implementation of passive defense principles to prevent possible damage due to future dangers and threats is necessary and the necessary reforms must be done until the desired level is reached.

The leadership style of hospital nursing managers plays a vital role in crises and is currently playing an effective role in combating COVID 19. The aim of this study was to determine the leadership style of the nursing manager (Matron) during the outbreak of COVID-19.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 86 nurses caring for patients admitted to COVID-19 ward were selected and entered the study. Data were collected using Clark demographic and leadership style questionnaires that were provided to nurses electronically and analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The mean age of nurses was 31.47 ± 6.39 years and the mean work experience was 5.20. 5.01 years. 60 nurses (69.8%) were female. 32 (37.2%) were married and 82 (95.3%) had a bachelorchr('39')s degree. In terms of employment status, 47 (54.7%) were formal and 22 (25.6%) were contracted and the rest were planned. The highest score was related to the Democratic leadership style (40.40. 5.87). The mean scores of transferring and authoritarian leadership style were 38.76 ± 9.16 and 26.86 ± 6.45, respectively.

The results showed that the selected leadership style of  the  nursing manager from the perspective of the studied nurses is democratic and then delegating. The use of democratic leadership style by nursing managers makes nurses feel more belonging and committed to the organization, which ultimately increases the quality of service and patient satisfaction. Therefore, nursing managers are encouraged to involve their staff in decision-making and goal setting.

Considering the increasing incidence of Covid-19, recognizing the clinical features of this disease, including the identification of the first symptom of the disease and smell, taste and their affecting factors, seems to be an effective step in early diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of olfactory and taste disorders and its related factors in definitive patients with COVID-19.

This study is a case series study in which 158 patients with Covid-19 were included in the study. The data are based on a researcher-made checklist and completed with the examination of an ENT specialist. After entering the data into SPSS-21 software, central indices and dispersion were calculated and examined the relationships between variables with chi-square, t test and Regression.

In these study, olfactory disorders were observed in 37 patients (23.4%) and taste disorders in 47 patients (29.7%). first symptom appeared in 66 cases (41.8%) fever, 31 cases (19.6%) cough, 27 cases (17.1%) sore throat, in 20 cases (12.7%) olfactory, 9 cases (5.7%) taste disorders, Three cases (1.9%) were reported decreased level of consciousness and two cases (1.3%) nausea.

In this study, COVID 19 patients showed a wide range of clinical and nonspecific symptoms, which seems to be one of the significant clinical manifestations of olfactory and taste disorders that may occur before any other symptoms in patients. Therefore, considering the importance of isolating patients to prevent disease transmission is better to give the necessary training and advice to the community.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of computer cognitive control intervention on cognitive functions and motor coordination in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty boys between 7 and 11 years of age were randomly divided into three groups: cognitive control, mind games and control (20 children in each group). This intervention was performed for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, and 48 hours after the intervention, both groups completed the Color Trace Attention Test, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Lincoln Oseretsky Motor Growth Scale. The results show that the cognitive control exercise program significantly improves the parameters of speed and attention retention. In terms of motor coordination, the results showed significant improvement in all four subtests (body balance, hand agility, aiming and finger agility). Overall, the results show that the cognitive control program significantly improves cognition and motor coordination in children with ADHD. Efforts to improve each of the cognitive processes can increase a  learning abilities and skills and improve his performance in various areas of social and professional life. Improving cognitive control can also alter brain function and, consequently, improve motor coordination. Therefore, a computer cognitive control training program is recommended to simultaneously improve cognitive functions and motor coordination in children with ADHD.

Providing healthy military ration is one of the most important and basic needs of all military forces over the world. In recent years, with the scientific and industrial technologies development, military diets have achieved more favorable conditions. But studies are still underway around the world to produce a diet that is nutritionally suitable for the military consumer population, depending on the geographical area and type of mission. The ration should be portable, easy to use, ready or semi-ready to use, and culturally and sensory, the most appropriate for the military population of each country. In the present study, we will review new findings in the types of military rations and the variety of their formulations, military rations of different countries, factors affecting the design of rations and also new technologies of rations packaging.