فصلنامه مطالعات بین المللی پلیس
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1402)

The relationship between terrorist groups and organized criminal groups, which is known as the crime-terror nexus, has become an increasing concern for national and international peace and security. With the lack of financial resources, terrorist groups have prioritized participation in criminal activities as the best and easiest method of financing, and in addition, they benefit from cooperation with organized criminal groups.The nature, scope and forms of interactions between terrorist groups and drug trafficking groups are very complex and remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature, motives and content of the Nexus between these two criminal groups.

This research is a descriptive-analytical method using library and Internet resources, and is written by taking notes from analysts and studying related legal documents.There is no theoretical consensus regarding the form and nature of the nexus between terrorist groups and transnational organized criminal groups. The nexus between two groups is not the same all over the world and varies based on time and place and under the influence of environmental factors. What is certain is that this nexus is beneficial for both groups. In such an atmosphere, these groups benefit from each other based on mutual needs, and such a relationship proves a dangerous and destabilizing relationship. Although the international legal mechanisms to combat terrorism and transnational organized crime are independent of each other, dealing with the nexus between terrorism and transnational organized crime requires the simultaneous use and combination of international legal mechanisms against terrorism and organized crime in all Its types

Undoubtedly, the globalization of crime, its technicality and the complexity of committing it on an international scale, will have its requirements in the field of broad and timely response and in the transnational field. The police, as the most important executive actor in this field, should transform in accordance with the changes that have occurred and organize their policies beyond the domestic jurisdiction and within the transnational and international boundaries. In this regard, the promotion of police and legal cooperation and assistance is inevitable, and the development of regional and international police organizations is also necessary to effectively fight and prevent transnational and international crimes.

The current research is applied in terms of type and purpose, and descriptive in terms of nature and method, and data collection has been done through document review and scanning of domestic sources and international documents.

Interpol's role in providing legal and police assistance and in facilitating and speeding up international interactions in criminal and police aspects is very important and influential. This role is in the use of the technical and specialized capacities of this institution, such as the intelligent crime analysis unit, criminal record information database, identity recognition systems, identification and information exchange of criminals, etc. with domestic police organizations and international organizations with Observance of the principle of respect for the sovereignty of countries and international conventions in order to promote legal and police assistance has been embodied and emphasized in regional and international documents by the United Nations and regional organizations.

the history of criminal law, criminalization and the determination the limits of criminal responsibility have been foreseen as basic right for governments.it must be acknowledged that failure to observe the basic principles (principle of damages) to exercise this right will result in restrictions the freedom of individuals and criminal inflation.From this point of view,the channel of the basic principles of justification of criminalization as well as the principle of freedom of individuals creates certain duty for the governments that they will not have the right to criminalize regardless of these principles;On the other hand, non-observance of these cases,due the failure of the penal system,burdens the government with the task of decriminalizing the behavior,and the government should always try provide compensation to the victims rather than criminalization.Therefore,in this article,we examine the principle of damage the confrontation between criminalization and decriminalization,and the meantime,we examine the consequences of these cases the realization of Interpol's upcoming policy and strategy regarding crime prevention.

article is written with analytical-descriptive way.

According to the principle of criminal economy,the application the principle of damage will bring restrictions on criminalization and decriminalization of crimes without damage and providing other alternatives;Even if the crime is committed,restorative justice system will play effective role decriminalization.Because the purpose the intervention the victim in the criminal process is more than the punishment of the criminal,to compensate for the damage.Also,the framework of the statute of Interpol in order to prevent the occurrence of crime,it is possible to use the results of criminological theories such as labeling theory,even if in a minimal way,to carry out complete and incomplete decriminalization and non-criminal responses such as replaced compensation in order to prevent secondary deviation and realize non-criminal prevention And also,by implementing the recommendations of international conventions for criminalization,she implemented the view of criminal prevention

Honor worship, honor seeking, or prejudice and zeal towards honor, is a view emerging from patriarchal culture. In this culture, a woman is considered as an honor and among the belongings and possessions of a man, and she must be obedient and submissive to him. As a man's honor, a woman must be accountable to her father and brothers in the first place and secondly to her husband and his family; That is, he should completely consider their desire and will in this field and leave his desire to forget. This approach provides the basis for conflict within families, and such conflict sometimes leads to the murder of women. In general literature, such murders are considered as "honor killings".

The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.

In the way of controlling honor killings in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province, due to the deep cultural and traditional background governing the tribes and social groups of this province, there are serious challenges in the field of nervousness, tribal structures and patriarchal thinking. There is. Therefore, the priority should be to fight and control honor killings, strengthen and create educational infrastructure and training measures for police and judicial officers, and strengthen culture and behavior pattern along with strengthening and advancing police measures. The importance of honor killings is so much that in some of the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, this type of killings is included in the ranks of violence against women, and governments are asked to take more effective measures to prevent, prosecute and punish criminals. apply Among other things, preventive police measures have been emphasized.

The use of data and electronic systems as the subject of a crime, the means of committing a crime, and finally the means acquired from a crime are among the manifestations of the negative link between these technologies and criminal law in Iran. Inspection and seizure of electronic evidence is one of the most important actions of law enforcement officers in the acquisition of this evidence.

The article is of a descriptive-analytical type, which was written using a library document method.

By reflecting on the relevant regulations in the field of cybercrimes, two areas of the role and powers of the police in the position of the bailiff for search and seizure can be defined and systemized; First, the powers that the police force has in the search and seizure process directly and without the need for a judicial order, and secondly, the powers that the police have in the role of executing the orders of the judicial authorities to search and seize computer and telecommunication systems.

by examining the laws of Iran, France and England as well as European documents, in general for the search and seizure of evidence; Three conditions are foreseen: the first condition for inspection and seizure of data and system is the necessity of a judicial license or the same document as ordered by the judicial authority. The second necessary condition for the inspection and seizure of data and systems is the need to pay attention to the privacy and confidentiality of acquired information or any other information about data and systems and related persons. The third condition is in the process of inspection and seizure of data and their protection system.

One of the most important social and security challenges of the world and the Islamic Republic of Iran is the issue of drug addiction and trafficking, which has caused many problems for the people of the world. Meanwhile, foreign nationals have played a significant role in drug smuggling inside and outside the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of foreign nationals in drug smuggling and transit in one of the northwestern provinces of the country.

This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the research method of directed thematic analysis to obtain the views of the participants about the research topic. The participants of the present research were 12 experts and specialists in dealing with drug trafficking and transit in the studied province; who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and were present in the interview process until reaching theoretical saturation. The semi-structured interview data collection tool and data analysis was MAXQDA software.

It showed that foreign nationals have played an effective role in the smuggling and transit of drugs to Turkey and other European countries, and these role-plays are in the form of elites of foreign nationals on transit and smuggling routes, elites of official and unofficial roads, and elites of markets. Commercial, elites on the organization and structure of gangs, cultural and recreational commonalities, linguistic and religious commonalities, monetary support and non-monetary support were identified.

Considering the statistics and identification of the role of foreign nationals in drug trafficking and transit in the studied province, educational and awareness measures for police officers and drivers of transit vehicles, as well as information and security measures as solutions to prevent trafficking and transit Drugs were suggested.

field and Aimes : 

As with each other, complex computer features connect with a variety of rights and human freedoms. Complicated computer questions, while a form is expressed, possess one level, and those ingredients can relate to other aspects of the rights and freedoms of humanity. The global organization developed intellectual property, which resulted in serious problems such as the violation of human rights, the right to privacy, the right to self - respect, and Methodology A way of finding out the kind of use and the way of treating a particular investigation - was to collect data and examine it.

show that, while in the mysterious policy of the governments, one of the authors who are to be judged is human rights, and on the other the Deep fake has a connection with human rights, so one of the advances to the criminal machine, according to the degree in which they are complicit, is bound to serve as a part of public political considerations.

guaranteeing people's rights in society is supported by legislators and is very important in the pre-trial stages. Guaranteeing the rights of the accused and his presence in all stages of the fair proceedings, issuing criminal security orders based on the damages and the severity of the criminal behavior and in compliance with the laws. Defendant's defense rights and fair trial laws require criminal security orders based on previous laws and authority of competent authorities. The main purpose of this research is to study and evaluate the comparative range of performance and powers in the criminal law of Iran and England.

Methodology:

 In this research, a qualitative research method based on library and documentary studies has been used. Considering the comparative nature of the research, it has been tried to examine the similarities and differences between the legal system of Iran and England.

In England, the police is considered an independent prosecution force, this institution has wide powers compared to the police in Iran. One of the most important issues assigned to the police in this country is the authority to issue criminal warrants. It is one of the powers and duties of the police in England, because the police in England is an independent prosecution body.