مجله روان شناسی فرهنگی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

The present study aimed to identify the components of social responsibility in Islamic sources. To extract conceptual components, the method of qualitative analysis of the content of religious texts was used. The process was such that first the concepts and words related to social responsibility were identified in Islamic sources. In the next step, using the principles of text analysis, inferential contents related to the propositions of each component were extracted and a practical definition of that component was presented. Inferential components and content were presented to 7 experts to determine the degree of compliance and their necessity for the structure of social responsibility, and according to their opinions, CVI and CVR scores were reviewed for final summarization and analysis. Results of the research: 12 components of awareness of social duties, acceptance, commitment and social commitment, attention to the needs of others, concern for the affairs of Muslims, spirit of brotherhood, fairness, social bonding, benevolence for others, cooperation and helping, commanding the good and forbidding Denied and showed acceptance for social responsibility. The findings of this study can be used to build a protocol and a scale of social responsibility.

The purpose of this study is to achieve the motivational methods of prosocial behavior in Islamic sources. The present study was a qualitative study using content analysis method. The research community includes all religious sources, including the Holy Quran and Shiite narrative sources, and the sample includes statements containing a network of concepts related to prosocial behavior, which is obtained from purposeful sampling. Information and data have also been collected and classified through the study and recording of books, articles, and the use of electronic libraries. To make the research reliable, the Qur'an and various narrative sources have been used to collect data. Frequent comparisons of the obtained themes with each other and their matching with the data and using the opinions of 5 religious and psychological experts in the data analysis steps have been used. Data from Islamic sources were analyzed; Finally, 57 initial codes, 6 themes and 16 sub-themes were obtained. The results of the present study show that in Islamic sources to encourage people to prosocial behavior, four cognitive methods including paying attention to the consequences of prosocial behavior, principles of humanity, cognitive distortions and valuing, emotional method including divine promise and behavioral method including patterning. The main focus is on cognitive methods because it has the most content.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal conditions and consequences of morbid Self-Maximizingn in Islamic texts and to evaluate its validity. First, with a qualitative approach, texts were collected and selected texts were obtained using the semantic domain method and texts were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method, and inductive content analysis was performed. For this purpose, 93 open codes, 18 central codes and 3 selected codes were identified as the main categories and a conceptual model was drawn. Then, in a quantitative approach, the content validity of the model was measured using the method of evaluating the opinions of experts and by calculating the content validity index in two stages. Findings of the study showed that the structure of Morbid Self-Maximizing has 11 causal conditions (lack of knowledge of the end of life, fascination with worldly life, innate inferiority, looking richer than oneself, selfishness, suspicion and distrust of God's pleasure, forgetting the main ownership of blessings) Doubt and disbelief in God, feelings of inner inferiority, suspicion of immortalizing life with wealth and fear of poverty Giving friends, being hated by others, losing one's reputation and not increasing one day). The results of this study have provided a good basis for scale design and related therapeutic intervention.

Formulating an integrated model of counseling on growth with emphasis on how to face the process of time and responsibility of existence in accordance with the intellectual horizon of the clients in Islamic culture is the goal of this research. The method of this research is the use of Schleiermacher's classic hermeneutics, which uses the technical and grammatical features of the text and analysis at three levels: author's opinion, researcher's opinion (partial interpretation) and integration of the author's and researcher's opinions (overall interpretation based on partial interpretation), the necessary information It has been discovered and extracted in the direction of the formation of a consolidated model that fits the Islamic culture, while in the direction of the formation of the model, inductive and deductive logic has been used, and finally it has been discussed in a practical approach in the form of goals, foundations and principles. The findings show that the goal of growth in this model is to connect to the divine nature and the foundations of the formed model include the basis of perfection with principles (contradiction, desire for perfection, agency, hierarchy of existence, service, regularity and continuous creation and direction); The basis of unity with principles (completion, connection of parts, acceptance and integration, specific truth, immutability of the rules and causality of existence, balance and compatibility), the basis of immortality with principles (the desire to return to the origin, spatiality, temporality of existence, temporal integration, death, Existential rotation); It is based on purposefulness with principles (leadership, power of creation, administration and continuity of existence, comprehensiveness).The integrated model of growth in combination with the Islamic horizon in the hermeneutic way is a new model that can be efficient in creating harmony with the intellectual foundations of the reference and without creating conflicting discourses, expands the intellectual horizon of the reference and specifies a path and meaning for him.

This study examined the girls adolescences social adjustment modeling based on 2 variables, perception of the family structure and moral intelligence with the mediating effect of decision making. This research was one of the descriptive-correlational designs.

The statistical population of the study included all secondary school girls students of Tehran in the 1400-1401 academic year. The research sample was estimated using Morgan sampling table, 387 people who were selected as a multi-stage cluster. Research tools included Social Adjustment Questionnaire, Perception of Parenting Style Questionnaire, Moral Intelligence Questionnaire and Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data in the descriptive part, and LISREL software was used to fit the structural model and test the research hypotheses.

The findings showed that the mediation of decision-making ability was significant in the relationship between social adjusment and moral intelligence and perception of family structure, in fact, the decision-making component increases adjusment.

It is suggested that social and personal skills should be emphasized in education and in families in order to provide the ground for adjusting the negative consequences of the lack of adaptation of teenagers caused by all kinds of crises at this age.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior in the inner comfort of young people waiting for marriage.For this purpose, to investigate the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative emotion and increasing life satisfaction and positive emotion, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a three-person sample was used. In the single-subject experimental design, the findings showed that all three authorities showed an increasing and improving trend in the life satisfaction scale(99%)and in the positive affect scale(54%)and in the negative affect(34%)after the intervention.The percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the first and second clients in the life satisfaction scale is 83%, and the percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the second clients is 83% in both positive and negative emotions, and 100% for the third clients in negative emotions. And in positive affect, the rate of 83% related to the visual analysis in those two scales showed that the coping intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative affect and increasing satisfaction with life and positive affect has relative efficiency and effectiveness. Most of the changes occurred in the one-month and three-month follow-up period. The result of this research shows that confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is a treatment method that has an effect on increasing life satisfaction and positive emotions and reducing negative emotions.

Many changes took place in teenagers' lives with the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of adolescents during the coronavirus. The phenomenological method was used in this research. The population of this study included all teenagers living in Tehran between January 2022 and April 2022. The participants (10 teenagers based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria) were purposefully selected and studied through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The process of examining samples continued until theoretical saturation. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of 2 main themes, 8 subthemes and 34 basic concepts. The main themes included changes in different dimensions of life and coping methods during the global spread of the Covid-19 virus. Overall, this study showed that teenagers have experienced many positive and negative experiences during the coronavirus outbreak. Besides, they have used efficient and inefficient methods to deal with these conditions. This article is an approach to continue the study of psychological reactions and the development of psychological intervention protocols.

One of the most important dilemmas of families living with adolescents is Parent-adolescent conflict created by various factors. This study conducted to present a structural model of function of family while having psychological vulnerability: The role of the mediator of emotional regulation difficulties during Covid-19 pandemic. The study is applied one in terms of its purpose and correlational one from descriptive method point of view. The population consists of all students aged 15 to 18 in Lorestan province in the academic year of 2020-2021. To do the research, a sample of 400 high school students were selected by the use of multi-stage cluster sampling. Research data were gathered by the Family Dynamic Environment Questionnaire (Kim et al., 2007), Emotional Regulation Difficulties (Graz and Roemer, 2004) and the Short Form of Psychological Vulnerability (Draguitz et al., 1973). After collecting data, they were analyzed using Spss-26 and Amos-21 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural equation modeling. The results showed that the dynamic of the family explained 22% of the difficulties of emotional regulation. And structural equation modeling results showed that 38% of the variance of psychological vulnerability was explained by dynamic of the family environment and difficulties of emotional regulation. Regarding the approved structural model, one can reach at a pathological understanding of parent-child relationships and by conducting interventions based on multiple dimensions, psychological damages can be prevented.

Cultural diversity creates different attitudes about how emotional expressions are. Since these attitudes have not been studied in Iranian culture so far, the aim of the present study is Iranian mothers' beliefs about children's negative emotional expressions. The qualitative phenomenological approach was used to acquire data. All mothers with 3-6 children whose children attended Solaleh Kids House in 2018 were included in the study population. The researcher used an accessible and purposive sample strategy, interviewing ten women with at least one 3-6-year-old kid and seeing 23 mothers and children in the same age range interact. The semi-structured interview and observation approach was used to gather data, and Colaizzi's method analyzed the data. The findings indicated that mothers' beliefs include supporting attitudes, supportive attitudes with moderate or severe non-internalized attitudes, attitudes of acceptance based on emotion and gender, and non-supportive attitudes centered on their own or their child's needs. According to the findings, mothers' beliefs about expressing negative emotions in children seem to be a continuum, with just two principles for caring for oneself and others serving as children's emotion socialization practices. Rather than that, these restrictions may sometimes become excessive, and the mother believes that the child should abstain from negative emotional manifestations in order to protect herself, others, or family. The results indicate that it is feasible to establish programs to educate parents about emotional parenting.

Religion is considered in the process of family therapy as an important and influential psychological construct, and yet do not have models of family therapy integrate based on religious interventions, therefore the aim's of present study is developed religious family therapy and was effectiveness that on family efficiency, marital satisfaction, communication enrichment indicators in parents with teenager. The research method was mix method of Sequential strategy. In qualitative section was developed model of religious family therapy using of analysis thematic, and in quantitative section was effectiveness religious family therapy on dependent variables using method semi-experimentally with a baseline and control group. The statistical population was the families with teenager and sampling method was available. Twenty four Families randomly were placed in two control & experimental groups. The research tools included family efficiency, marital satisfaction, and relationship enrichment indicators, and the research data was evaluated using the repeated measure analysis of variance in four stages. The founding indicated this protocol have significant effect (p<0.05) on family efficiency (β=20%), marital satisfaction 83%= β)) and enrichment indicators (β= 73%). The results showed religious skills such as perception of God and giving divine meaning to relationships, has been effectiveness on kindness, good conversation and respect for each other's rights. The results of this research can be useful for family therapists.

In the current situation, due to the high prevalence of addiction and drug abuse and its threatening nature and the role of the family in it, the need for various educational programs, including the enrichment of marital relationships in the prevention and treatment of addiction is very important.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the marital life enrichment training program with an excitement-focused approach on marital satisfaction, lovemaking styles and communication patterns among couples in addicted individuals.

This quasi-experimental study was of a pre-test-post-test design. The study population consisted of 80 addicts presenting to Niko Salamat addiction treatment methadone centers in Qorveh city in 2018. The sample size was 28 married addicts who were selected using voluntary sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in nine 90-minute marital relationship enrichment training program but the control group did not receive any training. Sternberg Love Questionnaire (45 questions), Christensen & Salawi Communication Patterns Questionnaire (35 questions) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (47 questions) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance analysis) were used to analyze the data.

The findings indicated a significant difference in lovemaking styles, marital satisfaction and communication patterns between the two groups, and that the enrichment of marital relationships training program was effective on marital satisfaction, lovemaking styles and communication pattern of couples in addicted people.

It is concluded that effective communication and warmth and encouragement within the family and various support in the family can be effective in reducing various social harms such as addiction.

Divorce is common in Iran and the world and has detrimental negative consequences on all areas of human life, and the study of related variables is an inevitable necessity. The aim of this study was to compare the schema modes, emotional adjustment and valuable life in the couples of applicant of divorce and normal couples in Astara.In regard to the purpose, this research was applicable and in regard to procedure, it was a casual-comparative research. The statistical population consisted of all couples of applicant of divorce who were referred to the psychological counseling centers,and normal couples in Astara in 2022. Among the couples of applicant of divorce, 30 couples (n=60) and among normal couples, 30 couples (n=60) were selected by available and targeted sampling method. Data were collected by schema mode questionnaire (SMQ), valued living questionnaire (VLQ) and emotional adjustment measure (EAM). multivariate analysis of variance (manova) and independent-samples T Test with SPSS-24 was used to analysis of data. Findings showed that couples of applicant of divorce have higher schema modes (P <0.01 & P <0.05) and they have lower emotional adjustment (P <0.01) and value life (P <0.01) than normal couples.Therefore, schema modes, emotional adjustment and valuable life are three affective factors in divorce and can be used by counselors, reaserchers and psychologists.

The purpose of this study was to predict family resilience in couples based on conflict resolution styles and perceptions of the health of family-of-origin in Tehran. The design of the current research was correlation and regression designs. The statistical population of the current research was all married people in Tehran in 2021.Among them, 217 people were selected as Convenience Sampling. to measure variables from family resilience scale tools; The conflict resolution style questionnaire and the family of health scale were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of the research showed that among the conflict resolution styles, integrating and Compromising style are positively and avoiding style are able to predict family resilience. Also, the dimension of independence from the health of family-of-origin variable was able to positively predict family resilience. The styles of integrating, compromising and avoiding and the dimension of independence of the family-of-origin were able to explain 42% of the variance of family resilience. The findings of this research show that conflict resolution styles and the perception of health of family-of-origin have a role in the resilience of families and can predict it. For this purpose, paying attention to these factors in pre-marriage counseling and training these skills can increase the resilience of these people and lead to the improvement of the quality of life in the family.
Keywords: family resilience, conflict resolution styles, health of family-of-origin, couples

The answers to these questions are very important: What is the relationship between earthly love and divine love? Is it possible to love God at all? And if it is possible, what is the difference between divine love and human love (earthly love)? Which aspect of love is focused by contemporary psychologists?  The author of this article, while examining the opinions of some psychologists on love, explains Socrates' view of love with two narratives that include the concept of "earthly love" and "divine love". The analysis of these two narratives showed that love in the public mind is the same as earthly love, so that most of the people feel no need to define love, but Socrates' analysis of these two narratives manifests a contradiction between two concepts: in one, the non-lover is preferred over the lover, and in the other, the lover is preferred over the non-lover. Love is condemned in one narrative and praised in another. From this contrast, we can conclude that in earthly love, there is lust and sensuality and fulfilling physical needs, but in divine love, there is a desire to discover and reach the truth. In earthly love, the lover does not seek the truth and wants to possess the beloved. But in divine love, there is praise and servitude and sacrifice to the beloved.

This study tries to explore the role of Dolls in the process of their connection with the other self in the human psyche. The symbolic nature of the relationship between the doll owners and the dolls themselves conveys the message that puppetry is more than just an aesthetic behavior, it is related to the spiritual needs and shortcomings of the puppet owners. By examining in-depth the human spiritual actions and various functions of the doll, it can be seen that the dolls have been a reflection and continuation of their bonding process and the transformation of themselves and human beings over the course of history. This concept can be thought of as the passage of the spectra of the mentioned process through the human psyche, which, in the end, all forms of ego and Alter Ego, are embodied in existing, ideal or imaginary forms. The information in this qualitative case study is documented and fielded and organized through phishing. The descriptive-analytical readings reveal that traditional and ethnic Iranian puppets have evolved in at least three ways for their owners: the ideal character (for example, the functioning of the Behik and Leily, Lal, Gulen, and Goraken and Baz); Forgiveness (such as Chehel Gis and Panbehei), and redemption (such as Choobi, Bazandeh and Abu Darda).

Post-traumatic growth emphasizes the fact that people experience positive changes in psychological, interpersonal and environmental dimensions after facing stressful events. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an educational program based on the post-traumatic growth model (PTG) and its effectiveness on the resilience and psychological well-being of patients with leukemia. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included patients referred to Tehran's Firouzgar Hospital in 1400, 30 patients were selected using voluntary and available sampling, and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools included Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (RIS-CD) and Ryff Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). The treatment program was held during 12 sessions, and after two months, the experimental group was followed up again. The results of covariance analysis showed that the F value obtained for resilience variable and dimensions of psychological well-being including independence dimension, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive communication, purpose in life and self-acceptance. It is meaningful and the educational program based on the pattern of post-traumatic growth is effective on resilience and dimensions of psychological well-being (P<0.05). The results of the repeated measurement analysis are significant (P<0.01) in order to check the lasting effect of the educational program on resilience and dimensions of psychological well-being. The educational program based on the post-traumatic growth pattern as an effective and special program can be used to improve resilience and psychological well-being of patients with leukemia.

The present study was conducted with the aim of design the post-traumatic growth pattern in burn patients. The qualitative research method was based on grounded theory, and the statistical population of the research was burn patients who were identified and introduced to the researchers through the support Association for Support of Burned Patients (Phoenix), Shahid Motahari Clinic and Hospital in 2019. The sampling method was initially purposeful and gradually continued as theoretical sampling. Based on the theoretical data saturation method, the sample size was 15 people who were interviewed. The post-traumatic growth questionnaire was used for screening, and those who scored higher than the average in this scale and met other entry criteria were selected. All the interviews were analyzed with Granheim and Landmann content analysis approach and with open, central and selective coding. The findings related to the concepts of post-traumatic growth included the main concepts of positive religious beliefs and a new outlook on life, The second finding in relation to the influencing factors (barriers and facilitators) of post-traumatic growth showed that the barriers include the main concepts of society's reactions, individual limitations, lifestyle disorders and individual mental states, and the facilitators include multifocal support, altruism. , motivation, modeling, mental and social security, dynamic interaction with others. The last finding of the research regarding the process of post-traumatic growth in burn patients showed that this process includes the main concepts of positive developments, spiritual changes and personal strength (resilience). The results of this research can be used as a model for formulating therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions in accordance with the existing cultural context for burn patients.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the experiences of Iranian therapists with difficult clients and analyzing their challenges and problems. The present research method is applied and qualitative type of phenomenology. The study population of this research included active therapists in Tehran in 2021-2022. Sampling was purposeful and continued until the saturation limit and finally 13 therapists were selected and the participants were subjected to semi-structured interviews. In order to analyze the data, the Colaizzi theme analysis method was used. Data analysis led to the identification of 2 selective themes, 8 central themes and 47 open themes. The content of different views about difficult clients are: interpersonal view, psychological and personality disorder view, behavioral view and psychoanalytic view. The themes of the challenges of difficult clients are also: cultural challenges, challenges of the treatment process, challenges of the therapist and challenges of ending the treatment. In sum, the results of this research showed that the presence of difficult clients in the course of treatment can create many different challenges that require attention from therapists to reduce psychological pressure in dealing with difficult clients.

This study was conducted among counselors and psychologists in Tehran, Iran, in 2021 aiming to examine the psychometric properties of self-care questionnaire for mental health professionals. In this respect, 316 mental health professionals were selected through convenient sampling to participate in the study and completed self-care and mental health questionnaires. Based on the good fit indices, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor model of the original version including professional support, professional development, work-life balance, cognitive strategies, and daily balance. The reliability obtained by Cronbach’s alpha for each of the aforementioned factors was 0.90, 0.89, 0.78, 0.76, and 0.80 and the reliability of the whole scale was 0.93. Furthermore, based on the Pearson correlation, the convergent validity of the dimensions of the self-care questionnaire and its total score was optimal in relation to the dimensions of the mental health questionnaire. Since the Persian version of the self-care questionnaire includes universal it emsbased on the foundations of self-care, it seems that it can be used for the evaluation of self-care in counselors and psychologists practicing in Iran.

The current study aims to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Psychological Competencies Inventory. Leadership, grit, active listening, analytical thinking, persuasion, complex problem-solving, time management, creativity, distress tolerance, self-control, social perception, attention, achievement motivation, cooperation, learning strategies, critical thinking, negotiation, speaking skill, instructing and coaching, and decision making were all considered components of the psychological competencies construct. First, 10 items were generated for each component based on existing tools and scales; 302 participants then completed the inventory online. 114 items remained in the inventory after exploratory factor analysis with the primary axis factoring approach and promax rotation and elimination of weak items, and the required 20 factor structure was retrieved, and the items were loaded into the anticipated factors. However, confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data had a poor match with the proposed 20-factor model, which cannot be validated using the current study's data. Finally, exploratory factor analysis of the primary factors revealed that these 20 competencies may be classified into four broad categories: educational, communication, self-management, and cognitive competencies. Therefore, the Psychological Competencies Inventory is a comprehensive and valid instrument that can be readily and rapidly implemented in organizations to identify training needs.

The aim of this study was to identify and validate the psychological characteristics of an effective first grade elementary school teacher. The method of the present study was mixed. In the qualitative section, 12 experts were selected and interviewed using purposive and chain sampling. In quantitative part, data were collected whit questionnaire. In the quantitative section, 233 first grade elementary school teachers were evaluated as a sample. PLS software was used for data analysis. Analyzing the collected qualitative data, eight psychological characteristics were determined for the effective teacher, which were validated in a quantitative part. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability of all eight psychological characteristics were above 0.70, and the convergent validity criterion for all eight psychological characteristics was above 0.50, which indicates the correlation between the effective teacher structure and its psychological characteristics. These psychological characteristics were: ethics, discipline, cognitive ability, creativity, classroom behavior, mental health, expressive skills, and interaction. Therefore, it can be said that there are eight psychological characteristics of an effective teacher for first grade elementary school teachers that these psychological characteristics are needed for the effectiveness of teachers.

Organizations with anomic characteristics lack life, social cohesion and moral spirit and are considered as organizations promoting chaos. But if the culture that governs the organization is a moral culture and the personality dark aspects of individual be pale, working sweetly is accompanied by a sense of satisfaction and self-actualization. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of ethical culture in relation between dark triad of personality with organizational anomie. The statistical population included teachers of Aran and Bidgol cities in academic year 2021-2022 that sample size was obtained equal to 350 people through the Monte Carlo model and simple random method. To collect data’s, three standard questionnaires of organizational ethics culture, organizational anomie and dirty dozen measure of the dark triad were used. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels using statistical software’s. The results showed that the mean of each dimension of personality dark triad was lower than criteria score, the mean of organizational ethical culture was above average and mean of organizational anomie was lower than the criteria score. The correlation matrix showed that there is a positive and non-significant relationship between the dimensions of Machiavellianism, narcissism and Psychopath with organizational anomie. There is a negative and significant relationship between ethical culture and organizational anomie. Also step by step regression coefficient showed that moderating role of ethical culture in effect of dimensions of personality dark triad on organizational anomie was negative and significant.

The present article attempts to go through Mahmud Dowlatabadi's novel, Yusef's Days and Nights, and deliver a fresh and different reading of the novel, using the ideas of Carl Gustav Jung on collective unconscious and archetypes. In Jungian theory, collective unconscious is the source of psychological energy and the reservoir of racial memory in mankind. Archetypes are also the universal structures that can be understood through symbolic interpretation of dreams, fantasies, illusions, myths and rituals. One of the most important of these archetypes is the shadow, which is the evil and dark side of the self. The shadow is a person's alter-ego and he/she carries it after him/herself. Unless one accepts and integrates the shadow within themselves, they cannot possibly reach the state of psychological balance and individualization. In the novel, Yusef not only refused to accept and recognize his shadow, he also projects his fears and anxieties unto another character which only exists in his illusions. By and by, his illusions come to take the place of reality. That is why Jung emphasizes the necessity of encountering our shadows, however hard and terrifying it may appear to us.