فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (تابستان 1402)

Data collection is a crucial step in any study, requiring access to a valid and reliable tool. The health belief model has long been utilized to promote preventive behaviors across various domains. Therefore, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessing preventive behaviors in individuals with type II diabetes, based on the constructs of the health belief model.

This methodological study, conducted from 2017 to 2018, involved extracting instrument items from two sources: 1) a review of relevant texts and articles, and 2) an examination of existing questionnaires. The tool's psychometrics were evaluated using classical test theory. To establish the tool's validity, face and content validity were assessed, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed to determine internal consistency. The findings were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.

During the content validity stage, the average CVR and CVI were found to be 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the constructs were as follows: perceived sensitivity 0.56, perceived intensity 0.83, perceived barriers 0.71, perceived benefits 0.86, self-efficacy 0.82, and cues to action 0.79. The overall internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.82.

This study's findings demonstrate that the preventive behaviors questionnaire, based on the health belief model's constructs, exhibits good validity and reliability for use in individuals with type II diabetes.

Diabetes has emerged as a significant health concern globally, impacting individuals across various age groups and nations. The management and treatment of diabetes are influenced by factors such as nutritional behaviors and life satisfaction. This study seeks to explore the correlation between nutritional behaviors and life satisfaction among individuals diagnosed with Type II diabetes

A cross-sectional study was undertaken involving a cohort of 280 individuals diagnosed with Type II diabetes. The convenience sampling method was employed for sample selection. Data collection encompassed the utilization of various tools, including a standard weight measuring device, a measuring meter, a demographic information questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and a nutritional behavior checklist. The collected data were subjected to analysis using SPSS software version 26, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Analytical techniques such as the independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to derive meaningful insights

The study revealed that, among the examined patients, the average nutritional behavior score was 55.91±7.57, and life satisfaction scored an average of 22.03±5.31. A statistically significant direct relationship was observed between life satisfaction and nutritional behaviors (p = 0.014). Additionally, nutritional behavior exhibited a significant inverse correlation with both the age of patients (p = 0.001) and the duration of diabetes (p = 0.032).Furthermore, distinct variations in nutritional behavior were identified based on gender, employment status, and educational background, with higher average nutritional behavior scores observed among men, employees, and educated individuals with sufficient income (p < 0.05).

The study uncovered a noteworthy relationship between nutritional behaviors and life satisfaction among the diabetic patients under investigation. Future research endeavors should delve into the factors influencing nutritional behavior and life satisfaction in patients with diabetes, with particular attention to the unique considerations for women. This focused exploration can pave the way for targeted educational interventions, aiming to enhance both nutritional behaviors and life satisfaction among individuals grappling with diabetes.

Diabetes-related stigma and its significant role in shaping a new identity for individuals with diabetes, as well as its impact on diabetes outcomes, highlight the importance of anti-stigma interventions. This study explores the effectiveness of an anti-stigma educational intervention in reducing diabetes-related stigma, drawing on qualitative evidence of the training's effectiveness.

In this semi-experimental study, 121 first-semester undergraduates from Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data was collected using three questionnaires: demographic information, EMIC, and diabetes knowledge. The training consisted of three one-hour sessions. Subsequently, the first post-test was administered to both groups. A second post-test was conducted one month later at the same location. The data was entered into SPSS software version 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a mixed model.

Before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and stigma were not different between the groups. Following the training, the mean knowledge score in the intervention group increased compared to the control group, while the mean stigma score decreased. Regarding diabetes knowledge, the significance level of the group effect and time effect (group) is less than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the mean scores of diabetes knowledge in the intervention and control groups, with the intervention leading to increased diabetes knowledge. As for stigma, the significance level of the group effect is greater than 0.05, while the significance level of time (group) is less than 0.05. This suggests there is no significant difference between the mean stigma score in the control group and the intervention group, although the mean stigma score in groups varies over time. Ultimately, the intervention has resulted in a change in the stigma score.

The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the educational intervention in reducing stigma and confirm that individuals with more knowledge are likely to attribute less stigma and discrimination to others. This low-cost, short-term method over consecutive periods can help decrease stigma.

Sleep is one of the most important circadian cycles. Metabolic disorders, especially diabetes, can affect the quantity and quality of sleep. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the quantity and quality of sleep and diabetes.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 613 male and female students were randomly selected from the students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences in 1400. To collect information, two questionnaires for personal characteristics (blood sugar level) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Standard Questionnaire (PSQI) were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods at a significance level of p<0.05.

The results of the research showed that the largest age group was 21 (30.45) percent, 59.65 percent of the students were female, and the rest were male. In terms of marital status, 57.7% of students were married. Half of the students suffered from poor sleep quality. The average sleep duration also had a higher percentage than other subscales. Students who reported poor sleep quality did not control their sugar levels. Also, the students who had experienced the quality of sleep had controlled their sugar level well, and the relationship between the quality of the student's sleep and their blood sugar was significant (p =0.001).

Based on the results of the study in medical students, it is possible to prevent lack of sleep and its subsequent complications, i.e., increased blood sugar levels and diabetes, by teaching sleep hygiene and changing incorrect beliefs and habits despite the presence of night wakings and night watches