مجله سازمان نظام پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال چهل و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 162، تابستان 1402)

The decline in physical and mental performance increases in advanced ages, although the extent of this decline is not the same in all individuals, and also physicians are not exempt from this rule. The approach of different countries around the world in terms of retirement age for physicians varies and various factors are involved in it. This article examines the relevant evidence and causes of the decline in physical and mental performance in elderly physicians, as well as the solutions and related laws in different countries around the world. The seven general approaches for dealing with the decline in physical and mental performance in elderly physicians include reactive and responsive evaluation, warning and reporting by peers, physician self-assessment and self-reporting, institutional programs, peer recommendations (peer review), mandatory retirement age, and age based mental and physical screening evaluations. Given the statistics of elderly physicians working in Iran and the need for physicians with experience and acceptable performance, it is suggested that the solution of using timely diagnostic methods for mental and physical disorders related to the physician’s age, that have evident impact on the patient’s health, with employing appropriate mental and physical tools and methods, be considered as the main method for selecting elderly physicians who are qualified for retirement from the medical profession. Methodology Examining relevant articles from 2009 to 2022, obtaining information on physicians aged 70 and over sorted by age, gender, and specialization, from the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Keywords: elderly physicians, retirement age for physicians, decline in physical and mental performance with age, decline in physical performance with age in physicians, decline in mental performance.

The genus mycobacterium comprises more than 160 species, some of which are pathogenic to humans. A variety of diseases, including pulmonary disease, skin and soft tissue infections, lymphadenitis, and disseminated disease, are caused by mycobacteria. Accurate detection of species is of great importance in the correct treatment of diseases caused by mycobacteria. The most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of mycobacteria include clinical symptoms and testing samples, microscopic methods, serology, radiology, biochemical tests, culture, nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) including PCR, gene amplification and sequencing, etc. Here, we review recent advances in molecular tests for the detection of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, considering their sensitivity and specificity.

Health care is one of the most complex activities that humans are involved with and are inherently associated with the potential to create the risk of being ill at the same time. In this study, the challenges in the field of patient safety culture and its strategies with regard to its dimensions are discussed.

This article is a narrative review article that searches for library resources and articles published in the years 2000-2022 using databases such as SID, Iran Medex, Elsevier, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and related to safety culture. The patient was performed in Iran and the world. A total of 250 articles were extracted in this field and then 56 articles were used in this study according to the findings of the Patient Safety Culture Challenge.

Given the importance of patient safety culture in health care organizations, it seems that promoting it can improve the quality and performance of Iranian hospitals. Error, management support, staff shortages and inter-unit teamwork as priorities for action.

Patient safety at the hospital should be categorized as a strategic priority to be implemented in a detailed operational plan. It is then that safety in the organization which becomes a culture and everyone understands its importance and instills it in itself and all efforts in the organization center around this.

Since the rules and conditions of the criminal and civil responsibility of the doctor in the current laws of Iran are collected in a unified law, i.e. the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, in some writings, the aforementioned rules are mixed. Despite this, the said rulings are independent of each other and there is no connection between them. Therefore, the necessity and importance of the present research is evident. This research, especially emphasizing the common nature of the institution of dowry, confirms the fact that most of the rulings of dowry follow the rules of civil liability.

The present research was compiled with the qualitative research method and content analysis and by collecting information from library sources and referring to laws and legal articles.

The results of the research indicate that the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013 is in harmony with the legal principles and jurisprudence foundations in the position of separating the boundaries of two types of civil and criminal responsibility of the doctor towards the patients: separating the nature and effects of the patient’s consent from the condition of the doctor’s acquittal. And paying attention to the difference in the concept of fault in criminal and civil law is one of the strengths of the law.

By criticizing and analyzing the legal thoughts about the legal responsibility of doctors, it seems that some of the rules of the civil liability of doctors have been mixed with the punishments. In addition, the provisions of the law are flawed and ambiguous in some cases: it is objectionable to apply imprisonment in the case of the patient’s death due to medical malpractice, if the doctor’s malice or the commission of a criminal offense is not evident. Therefore, the application of Article 616 of the Penal Law approved in 2006 is excluded from cases of civil fault and in these cases only the guarantee of ransom is established. In addition, the defects and ambiguity related to the determination of illegitimate medical practices can be resolved by passing special laws.

The results of previous studies have shown that children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems with visual-motor skills. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of motor-independent and motor-dependent visual perception practice on the visual-motor integration of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population was all children aged 4 to 6 years in Tehran city in 2022 who had been referred to Ali Asghar Hospital. After screening, 45 of these people were selected as the research sample. Subjects were divided into three groups: motor-dependent visual perception, motor-independent perception, and control. Subjects in the experimental groups received 15 minutes of 45-session training, while the control group received no intervention. All participants were assessed before and after training using the Bender Gestalt test. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the subjects of both test groups had a significant improvement in the total score of visual-motor integration and all its components compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that the subjects in the movement-dependent group obtained a higher improvement in the copy and movement components compared to the motor-independent group.

Based on the results of the present study, the use of motor-independent or motor-dependent visual perception practice can be suggested as an effective intervention to improve the visual-motor integration of children with ADHD.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of education of positive psychological concepts on quality of life in mothers of children with cancer.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group. In terms of research category, in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. In order to collect the necessary data for research and to investigate the hypotheses, according to the nature of the research subject, the 36-item Quality of Life Questionnaire, sf=36 by Varosherbon in 1992 were used. The statistical population of this study includes mothers of children with cancer hospitalized in Mahak Hospital. The sample size is equal to 30 people who are divided into two groups of control (15 people) and experimental (15 people) and training of positive psychology was implemented for the experimental group.

In this study, hypotheses were examined using analysis of covariance tests. The mean score of Quality of life in experimental group in posttest was significantly    higer that control group (p=0.0001).

The results showed that teaching positive psychological concepts improves quality of life in mothers of children with cancer

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of predicting sleep disorders through symptoms of depression with the mediating role of social support in dialysis patients.

The design of the current research was correlation of the structural equation modeling type. The sample of study consisted of 250 dialysis patients in Tehran hospitals in 2022-23, who were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaires, Beck depression, and Zammit et al social support. Structural equation modeling was used in data analysis.

The findings showed that social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between depression with sleep disorders. Also, the direct relationship between depression with social support and sleep disorders was statistically significant.

Therefore, it can be concluded that special attention should be paid to the elimination and adjustment of effective and causal factors in formulating therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders in dialysis patients.