فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1402)

In the past years, the increase in economic pressures and the shrinking of families and the motivation to live a simple life have caused an increase in the demand for small-scale houses. The purpose of this research is to identify the framework and ranking of flexibility components that can be effective in small-scale housing.

In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, the effective components in the design of flexible small-scale houses were identified and the conceptual framework of the research was confirmed using the Delphi method. Then, using the survey method, these components were ranked in the 10th district of Isfahan through Shannon's entropy test. The statistical population includes three groups of experts, architectural experts and the public, whose opinions have been compared and analyzed using comparative analogy.

The research findings show that the components that are important from the point of view of all three groups include: multi-functional spaces, mezzanine spaces, adaptable facade with variable uses, use of shallow plans with rectangular geometry, movable furniture according to ergonomics and movable partitions according to It is ergonomic.

In the end, it can be concluded that among the identified components, several components such as partitions and movable furniture are compatible with human ergonomics and adaptable view, and modern technology is an important tool to achieve them.

Re-reading the previous patterns in order to clarify how man relates to architecture and how he is present in the space, can provide a criterion for measuring and evaluating the desirability of the city space. One of these valuable models is the Bazaar, which play an important role in the cultural, social and economic life of the city and can be evaluated from both architectural and urban aspects. Among these, the Isfahan Bazaar in Naqsh-e Jahan Square complex has been selected.

Descriptive-analytical method along with space syntax technique and simulation has been used in "Depth map" software. The method based on graph theory, instead of describing the geometric characteristics (shape, size and distances) of the components of a system, explains the position, relationship between the shapes and how to configure those components as a whole.

Although the Bazaar alone does not have much difference in the maximum and minimum value of its syntactic values, which shows the coherence of the whole complex, nevertheless, the presence of the Naqsh-e Jahan Square in combination with the Bazaar is effective in improving all indicators except entropy (internal order).

Since the focal points of urban functions have the highest degree of connectivity and movement density, with the development of access (as the most important factor), density and diversity; It is possible to generalize the connection to the city structure and create solidarity between the urban elements, which results in prosperity, vitality and presence in the space.

This paper aims to find a comprehensive conceptual model for health landscape by reviewing some important and decisive theories on the relationship between landscape and health.   

The theories in the field of health landscape are analyzed based on a descriptive-analytical method in two categories. The first category examines the existing mechanisms explaining the relationship between landscape and health and why the landscape affects people's health, while the second category tries to measure these effects by examining the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the landscapes.

The analyses showed that the related theories in this field, which were initially formed based on a purely objective or subjective, gradually and in the course of their evolution, somehow converged with the comprehensive and holistic concept of landscape and focused on both aspects of objectivity and subjectivity in analyzing the health landscape. This has led to an approach in the field of landscape that emphasizes the role of the individual, society and the environment, considering the health of the landscape as a relative matter that will vary from person to person.

The presence of individual agency (adaptive skills and capacities of a person) and socio-environmental dimensions in today's definition of health in other fields indicates the existence of an interdisciplinary agreement on this convergence. This article shows that by relying on perception, these seemingly opposite aspects can be put together and a meaningful and holistic model can be achieved in relation to the health landscape.

The dissertation aims to outline the concept of “biophilic regional planning” with emphasis on low-tech construction and low impact development, and materialize the outlined conept in the case of Meshkindasht City. It aims to show “nature” and “environment” as a valuable and endless source of inspiration in accordance with nature and natural archerypes for idealizing, strategic planning, performance and strategic management.

The research methodology is combination of descriptive and analytical research methods based on post-posotovism research paradigms. Independent variable of the research is “low-tech construction”.

Natural recources support “biophilic development" including: 1- Regional Potential Index (RPI), 2- Aspect Ratio (RA) and 3- Tourism Opportunity Spectrum (TOS).

The research shed some light on the concept of “biophilic regional planning” as a constructive strategy for low impact development in natural-resouses-rich landscapes. Based on preliminary analysis regarding to the dissertation topic, the concept of “biophilic regional planning” might be fulfilled via 1- Holistic and comprehensive approach, 2- Planning for CES for better green economy, 3- Low-tech and soft development for environmentally-sensitive areas based on local circumstances, and 4- Classification of cultural services in natural ecosystems and reorganizing cultural benefits of ecosystem on the basis of environmental education program.

Increasing energy consumption in the building and the use of construction materials with the increase in the amount of construction, causes environmental degradation and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Nature has undergone its evolutionary process over the centuries and has reached its most optimal form, structure, and constituent materials. The goal of biomimicry is to be inspired by nature to increase efficiency with the help of sustainable solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the capabilities of silica sponge for use in various building components to achieve the best possible options.

 The collection of basic information is through the library and using the articles of valid and up-to-date scientific journals and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical concepts are expressed from the descriptive method and qualitative content analysis is performed.

 The results of the research provide the possibility of inspiring siliceous sponge with special features at different levels of biomimicry for different components of the building and design and ideation of the form, structure, process, and function of the sponge in an optimal state in the direction of the bionic structure.

 By analyzing the form, function, structure, process, and how the sponge interacts with its surroundings, which has reached its optimal form and structure in interaction with its surroundings over the centuries, we can come up with an idea for sustainability and synchronization, achieved mostly with the environment, minimum energy consumption in the building and having optimal components.

The project's primary aim is to better understand the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the architecture field, as well as to evaluate the intelligence and aptitude of those intending to pursue a career in architecture, which will ultimately benefit job counseling.

An investigation into Gardner's multiple intelligences theory was conducted by employing the Delphi method and a qualitative research questionnaire, with ten experts being asked questions. By using a methodical quantitative questionnaire, this research approach provides insight into the ratio of intelligence and its sections that are either natural or acquired and determines the influence of nature and nurture on architecture tasks by mathematics calculations.

The achievement of architectural skills is influenced by the nature and nurture components in approximately equal amounts, which in the contract principles are at least 5/1, consisting of 25/49 for nurture and 75/50 for nature. Likewise, a maximum of 7/16 percent goes to management plans and interaction with clients, 75/41 to nurture, and 25/58 to nature.

Concerning the effects of nature and nurture, the pursuit of architecture at the academic level should be done with one's genes and characteristics inherent in a person. On the other hand, the importance of nurturing in training highly qualified individuals is greater than its counterpart and therefore should be adequately maintained.

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the model of healthy building in the interaction of choosing building materials and healthy environment. In this regard, high throughput screening used in construction materials for possible human exposure in the near field and related health risks, identification of chemicals and products of interest to inform risk reduction efforts has been carried out.

The research methodology is based on the theoretical saturation of the research background and the opinions of experts in the field of health of residents at home and at work. Using high throughput screening, hazardous chemicals in the construction industry were identified, and based on the theoretical saturation of the research background and the opinions of experts in the health of residents at home and at work, a focused group discussion method was used.

Comparing the quality of "healthy building" with three variables of building chemistry, building biology and building physics; and "residents' opinion" with three variables of energy efficiency, residents' satisfaction and residents' health; has been analyzed. The findings of the focused group discussion method clarified various dimensions of the relationship between building chemistry and the health of residents at home and at work.

Designers and manufacturers of building products must actively track and manage the chemical composition of their materials and assess the potential impacts of the chemicals of interest throughout their life cycle. High-throughput screening can provide accessible and rapid tools for such evaluations at the design stage.