نشریه مدیریت بحران
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 23، پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The continuing Covid-19 crisis has caused irreparable damage in many industries. Considering that we are witnessing these losses in the hotel industry, so this study seeks to identify and determine the components and dimensions of the crisis in the financial field in the critical situation of Covid-19 in the hotel industry of Alborz province. There are 15 hotels. The research method is applied and the research design is descriptive-correlational research. Field and library methods have been used to collect data. The data collection tool was a standard online questionnaire whose validity was estimated by experts and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. The main basis for gathering information is to conduct in-depth interviews with hotel managers and academic experts until the theoretical saturation is reached; a total of 22 interviews were conducted. The statistical population includes all hotels in Alborz province and its time zone in the first half of 1400. After performing the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, the final research model has been obtained; in this model, 6 general categories, 15 sub-categories and 53 main concepts are mentioned. The results show that in this situation, the categories of executive instructions, organizational level strategies of hotels in managing financial crisis and inefficiency of crisis organization have the highest frequency and executive instructions are in the first priority; and the consequences of these categories have had a significant impact on increasing the costs of this industry.

Forecasting crises in any society in public policies is of special importance from the point of view of policymakers. Comparison and review of past research on economic topics can also be considered as a guide for policymakers. Therefore, this research has been compiled with the aim of designing a meta-composite model of the crisis in the foreign exchange policies of the Central Bank. The research method is meta-composite, practical in terms of purpose, and documentary and library in terms of data collection. The findings showed that the main reason for the currency crisis in the category of foreign exchange policies is the lack of early warning systems of the financial crisis, in the commercial factors, exports and low GDP, among the political factors, non-membership in the monetary union and the inflation rate in the factors. Economic have the greatest impact on the emergence of the crisis in the policy of the central bank. In the behavior of investors, speculative and speculative attacks are the most known cause of currency crises. The consequences of the research include economic and social collapse. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the policies of the central bank, banking policies, and management reasons cause policies to avoid currency crises to be formed, the consequences of which are economic and social development.

One of the most important security challenges in e-banking security centers is the inability of the internet to deal with attacks. These attacks are easily implemented and can be controlled locally or remotely. Most of these attacks are successful in reaching the main targets of the attack and bring the attacker to their desires. The reason for this is that there are many mechanisms for launching attacks based on the characteristics of the victim's server, which makes it impossible to provide a comprehensive defense solution against the attacks. Several strategies have been proposed to identify and deal with these attacks. In this paper, a combination of algorithm for selecting genetic features and machine learning methods, including decision tree algorithm, deep neural network and KNN, are presented. Provide guidelines for validation, the results obtained with other techniques such as machine learning techniques and combined with other optimization methods are compared and evaluated. In this research, 10% of KDD Cup 99 dataset for simulation has been used. First, in the preprocessing of data, the values of all attributes are converted to numbers, and the output characteristic values are changed to two values of zero and one. The results of the research indicate that the accuracy of the proposed strategy for detecting intruders compared to other recent methods is about 5%.

Creating a crisis in the sports industry is the result of the functioning of different and influential elements in different fields. The proper and optimal performance of these areas is the key to the stability, survival and security of sports organizations and environments, and unfavorable performance and differences in the work of each of these areas will cause an inappropriate and critical situation. The purpose of this research was to design a model of the effective factors of crisis management in the country's sports industry in the framework of a mixed approach, and data collection tools were conducted in the qualitative part of a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part of a questionnaire. The statistical populations of the samples in both sections were experts in the field of crisis management in sports, including professors of sports management, experts and managers in sports and youth departments, universities, clubs, etc. Sampling of the qualitative part was targeted and continued until reaching theoretical saturation (18 people). In the quantitative part, 384 samples were selected purposefully and with the snowball reference technique. In the data analysis of the qualitative part, Glaser's data base theory (open, selective and theoretical coding) was used, and fuzzy Delphi technique was used to determine the importance and screening of the most important indicators identified. In the quantitative part of structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Smart PLS3 software was used to check the validity and reliability of measurement tools and structures. The KMS test was used to examine the research questions and to examine the data distribution due to non-normality, the non-parametric binomial test was used, and the Friedman test was used to rank the factors using spss26 software. The results of the qualitative part showed that crisis management included 386 concepts, 18 categories and eight dimensions (organizational, economic-entrepreneurial, legal and legal, social-cultural, health-psychological, information technology and media, tourism-environmental and political). In the quantitative part, according to the results obtained from structural equation modeling, the final model of the research was formed and the results of the Friedman test showed the effective factors in crisis management in the order of priority (economic and entrepreneurial, social and cultural, political, tourism and environmental, legal and legal), technology and media, organization, health and psychological Therefore, it is suggested that the country's sports trustees pay enough attention to the eight main categories and the components of each of them for crisis management and work hard to strengthen the positive components and eliminate the negative components.

Energy infrastructure, as one of the key assets of the country, has a network and trans-provincial function due to the interaction with other infrastructures. If it is disrupted due to the occurrence of intentional man-made threats, other sectors will also face challenges. Therefore, it is important for decision-makers and managers to have a rational view of energy infrastructure threats. Based on this, this research with the aim of prioritization of threats by using quantitative techniques of hierarchical analysis tries to prove this hypothesis that it seems that the spectrum of perceived threats should be investigated regarding the assets of the energy sector and proposed measures to reduce its vulnerability according to each one. In this regard, the current research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information will be a combination of qualitative library and document collection method and quantitative information collection using a closed semi-structured questionnaire. The data analysis method will be mixed, using the WBM method and quantitative statistical analysis, and the analysis of cause and effect relationships will be the qualitative method of analyzing the findings. The results of the research, the validity and reliability of which has been confirmed by the community of experts, indicated that in Hamadan province, the damage intensity index has the most weight in determining the importance of threats, and due to the presence of active defense equipment in the province Hamadan has assigned the least weight to the enemy capability index in determining the importance of threats. The results show that air-missile threats are the most important threat to the energy infrastructure in Hamadan province, but it is not the highest priority. The cyber threat is not the most important threat due to its lower intensity, but it is highly preferred for hostile groups due to the few negative consequences.

The existence of stagnant enterprises in Isfahan province, like other provinces of the country, has been raised as a problem, and therefore, in order to realize the economic slogans announced by the Supreme Leader (Madazleh Al-Aali) during the last few years, the revival of stagnant economic units should be investigated and analyzed be placed. This research seeks to examine and analyze the pathology of the revival of stagnant and semi-active economic units in Isfahan province and specifically targets the pathology of the process of revitalization of industrial and mining units of this province. For this purpose, through questionnaires and interviews with experts, as well as studying related documents, a conceptual model for stagnant industrial units from mineral, chemical, textile (clothing and cellulose), food and metal industry groups was defined and compiled. According to the results of the research, it includes external and uncontrollable factors as well as internal and controllable factors on the non-revival of industrial units. Also, for each group of industries, strategies for revival such as debt reorganization, transfer of management, financing, identification of new markets, sale of excess assets have been suggested and prioritized using hierarchical analysis.

The process of risk identification and analysis is one of the main components of an effective internal control system. Managers of economic enterprises and organizations are the owners and directly responsible for risks and the establishment of internal controls, but these risks are somewhat ignored by managers. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting internal controls in order to reduce the risk of economic enterprises and provide an optimal model. The research method is the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to answer the research question, by sending a questionnaire to 70 experts in the field of auditing and accounting, according to the Kozo framework, the factors affecting internal controls to reduce the risk of economic enterprises were identified, and then data were analyzed using the statistical method of structural equations and Smart PLS software. In the qualitative part of this research, according to the results of the questionnaires, data analysis and targeted sampling, 12 experts were selected as participants in the research, while interviewing them and using the results of previous research on 6 factors including: risk assessment, security systems, framework and Organizational chart, strategy, reports and information and professional ethics were identified as effective factors in reducing the risk of internal control system and significant relationships between these factors were identified. Finally, the optimal pattern of implementing factors affecting internal controls in order to reduce risk was drawn. The results showed that the risk assessment factor with a factor loading of 16.670 had the highest effect and the reports and information factor with a factor load of 7.451 had the lowest effect on internal control to reduce the risk of companies.

The emergence of numerous crises in supply chains has increased the importance of financial resilience, and this issue also applies to the supply chain of health tourism. Identifying and modeling the factors affecting the financial resilience of the health tourism supply chain is necessary to improve financial resilience. So far, no research has been done on this matter, as a result, the main goal of the research is to identify and model the factors affecting the financial resilience of Iran's health tourism supply chain in crisis conditions. In order to achieve the goal of the research, in the first stage, with a qualitative approach, factors affecting financial resilience were identified through semi-structured interviews with health tourism supply chain experts. The method of judgmental and snowball sampling and its volume was determined to be 25 people and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. In the second stage, with a quantitative approach and the use of the comprehensive fuzzy interpretative structural modeling method, the model of relationships between factors was presented. Judgmental and snowball sampling method and its volume was determined to be 10 people. The research results show 33 factors affecting financial resilience, which were classified into 12 general categories. Finally, the model of effective factors was determined, according to which "financial thinking factor" has the most effect and the factors "debt management", "customer relationship management", "inventory management", "supplier management" and "liquidity management" have they are the most effective.