Journal of Research in Psychopathology
Volume:5 Issue: 15, Winter 2024

Domestic violence is a serious issue throughout the world which affects many women regardless of their demographic characteristics. The experience of being exposed to violence puts women at greater risk of chronic pain syndrome and psychosomatic disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the severity of chronic pain in women subjected to domestic violence. It was conducted with a single-subject experimental method with A-B repetition along with the baseline and intervention steps. After the baseline, self-compassion training was conducted according to Gilbert's protocol for three participants. A visual pain assessment scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity. The results of the visual analysis showed that there was a significant reduction in chronic pain due to self-compassion training in all three participants from the baseline stage to the end of the treatment. According to the results, self-compassion training was effective on the severity of chronic pain in women subjected to domestic violence. Therefore, teaching self-compassion can be considered by psychologists and counselors as one of the ways to treat and prevent injuries caused by domestic violence in women under violence.

Addressing the tendency toward high-risk behaviors in adolescents and investigating the related protecting factors is one of the crucial topics in adolescent health research. The present study investigated the moderating role of the future time perspective (TP) in the relationship between mindfulness and the tendency toward risky behaviors. For this purpose, 523 adolescent undergraduate students (aged 18 to 20 years) from Arak University, Iran, were selected through convenience sampling, and participated in this study and completed Short-Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-15, Addiction Potential Scale (APS), and Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.  Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis by PROCESS macro (available for SPSS) showed that mindfulness and future TP accounted for significant variance in adolescents' tendency toward risky behaviors. Those with high mindfulness and future TP showed less tendency toward risky behaviors. However, those with high mindfulness scores, but low future TP, showed an increased tendency toward risky behaviors. In other words, the future TP can be a potential modifier of the relationship between mindfulness and adolescents' tendency toward risky behaviors. Therefore, in planning some of the programs and suitable interventions done to help adolescents, it is important to consider both of these factors at the same time.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of compassion for the others' lives in the relationship between the spouses' dark tetrad personality and verbal violence against women. The research design of the study was correlational through structural equations. The population of the research constituted all the clients of the family court of Tabriz in 2022, two hundred persons from them were selected by using the availability sampling as the sample. In the data collection, the researcher-made questionnaire of verbal violence against women, the compassion for the others' lives questionnaire and Johnson and Webster's dark tetrad personality scale were used. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Sobel and Bootstrap and through SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the dimensions of the spouses' dark tetrad personality in interaction with the mediating role of compassion for the others' lives play a role in explaining verbal violence against women which in total, 27% of the variance of verbal violence against women is explained through the variables of the model. The direct effect of compassion for the others' lives (0.19), Machiavellianism (0.10), psychopathy (0.24), narcissism (0.23), and spouses' sadism (0.23) are significant in estimating verbal violence against women. The indirect effect of Machiavellianism (t-value = 2.81), psychopathy (t-value = 2.99) and sadism (t-value = 2.98) of spouses with the mediation of compassion for the others' lives on the level of verbal violence against women is significant, but the indirect effect of narcissism is not significant. According to the result of the study, and in order to weaken the negative effects of dark personality in intensifying verbal violence against wives and wife abuse, it is necessary for husbands to be aware of the role of compassion for the others' lives and use it in solving marital, life and children issues

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms and the predictive role of mobbing, incivility and ostracism in non-hospital workers. The research method was correlation. The population of this research consisted of all employees of non-hospital government offices in Kermanshah. Among them, 371 employees were selected by convenience sampling. The Depression, Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing, and Workplace Incivility, and Workplace Ostracism scales were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. According to descriptive results, 15.9% of non-hospital workers experienced moderate to severe depression symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Pearson correlation results showed that there was a positive relationship between mobbing (r=.33), workplace incivility (r=.46), and workplace ostracism (r=.41) with employee depression. Based on the results of stepwise regression, workplace incivility and workplace ostracism had a significant role in predicting depression (p < 0.01). Based on the results, it is suggested to modify mobbing, workplace incivility, and workshops and psychological training for employees in conditions similar to COVID-19 which can lead to a reduction in workplace ostracism

A suitable and healthy sexual function is one of the signs of the physical and mental health and it makes common pleasure sense between couples. Regarding the importance of women's sexual and psychological processes, this research was done to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation training on sexual satisfaction and sexual assertiveness of women suffering from sexual problems. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The population included all the women who were in 25-40 age range who suffered from sexual problems and referred to psychotherapy centers for sexual disorders in Ardabil city. In 2022, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling and they were assigned randomly in the experimental and control groups, every group included 15 people. Data collection was done by using women's sexual disorders questionnaire (Isidori et al., 2010), Hudson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire (Hudson et al., 1981) and Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness (1992). The behavioral activation training was presented to the experimental group in eight sessions and every session lasted 75 minutes (Dimidjian et al., 2014). Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance test (MANCOVA) with SPSS 20 software. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between two experimental and control groups on sexual satisfaction and sexual assertiveness and behavioral activation increased sexual satisfaction (F=742.88, p < 0.01) and sexual assertiveness (F=2279.08, p < 0.01) among women suffering from sexual problems. It can be concluded that behavioral activation training can increase sexual satisfaction and sexual assertiveness in women who suffering from sexual problems. Therefore, the counselors and therapists can use the mentioned therapy method in order to increase sexual satisfaction and sexual assertiveness in women suffering from sexual problems.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of teaching reality therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the development of preventive and interventive self-control in incompatible couples. In this study, we adopted a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up control group design. The sample was selected from the entire body of incompatible couples who were referred to Mehrana Counseling Center in Tehran in 2019, the total number of whom in the second half of the year 2019 reached 180 individuals. The participants were selected through the convenience sampling. In this study, the data was collected in two stages: in the first stage, the participants’ feedback on Reality Therapy (designed based on William Glasser’s Choice Theory) and Cognitive-Behavioral Couple and Family Therapy (designed by Dattilio and Epstein, 2015). And in the second stage, the participants were asked to fill out The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) (Tangney et al., 2004) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (Spanier, 1976). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze data in SPSS 26. The observed results of the study are statistically significant at a P-value of less than 0.05 and the reported F-value in each component, indicating that the study hypothesis is confirmed with 95% CI. Therefore, Reality Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy training are effective tools in the development of self-control components in incompatible couples.