فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 46 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improving the mental well-being of athletes with emphasizing on the role of identity and professional commitment. The research method was applied, and after that, descriptive-correlational was performed, in terms of data collection. Totally, 280 professional athletes of the country were selected in some selected adult grades with respect to the Morgan table based on the random sampling as a sample of the study. Data collection was accomplished using a questionnaire. The results indicated that professional identity has a significant effect on mental well-being of athletes, and also it has a significant effect on the professional commitment of professional. Moreover, professional commitment has a significant effect on the mental well-being of athletes. Considering the results of this study, it is suggested that, by decreasing some sports problems among athletes, including financial obligations of the clubs, they would improve their professional welfare along with improving their mental well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the control of aggressive behaviors of athletes towards referees in Iranian professional football with Emphasizing on ethical behavior. This research is a descriptive-correlational research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study included all Iranian Professional League players. A total of 165 individuals were identified as the sample of the study. 131 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. The present study showed that five disciplinary, refereeing, club, individual and environmental factors have a significant role in controlling aggressive behaviors of athletes towards referees in professional soccer of Iran. Therefore, improving the performance of referees and providing a platform for improving their performance plays an important role in reducing aggressive behaviors of athletes. Therefore, new technology should be used to enhance the performance of referees in Iranian professional football.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of presenting a model for the development of color psychology in sport production companies. The present study was one of the qualitative researches, and the statistical population of the study consisted of all experts in the field of color psychology. According to the selection of snowballs, 13 people were identified as the research sample; the data collection tool being a semi-structured interview. Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the research data. The results showed that among the identified strategies were the appointment of specialized working groups in the field of color psychology in sports, design and determination of functional standards of color psychology in sports, holding training courses on color psychology in sports, attracting psychologists, use of color in the field of sports, creating technical knowledge in sports production companies of the society about the color interests of different groups of society, and updating the knowledge of sports production companies regarding color psychology in sports.

The present study was aimed to address the role of general self-efficacy and psychological resistance to psychological management in Premier League basketball players. The statistical population of the present study included all the players of 11 Premier League teams in the women's basketball league in 1998. The data collection tools in the present study were the self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer et al. (1982), the researcher-made questionnaire of psychological resistance and the researcher-made questionnaire of psychological management. In order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation method was used. The results showed that general self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on the psychological management of Premier League basketball players in a positive direction and psychological resistance had a significant negative effect on the psychological management of Premier League basketball players. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that the basketball clubs of the Women's Premier League establish training to improve the self-efficacy of their athletes. These clubs will also evaluate their athletes for psychological standards to screen people with psychological problems.

The purpose was to investigate the effect of different levels of exercise on memory and thinking strategies in athletic. athletes in a non-random sampling were selected based on inclusion criteria. Participants completed demographic questionnaires Control of thinking and meta-memory. Data were analyzed with MANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Findings showed that there was a difference between the mean of meta-memory variable and memory satisfaction components, perception of daily memory ability, use of strategies, daily memory aids, thought control and distraction components, self-comparison, reassessment, social control and anxiety in skilled athletes. And a beginner is a significant difference.Skilled athletes had a higher average than skilled and beginner athletes in metamorphic variables and happy components of memory, perception of daily memory ability, use of strategies and daily memory aids, and skilled athletes in metaphysical variables and happy components of memory ability, memory. Everyday life, the use of strategies and daily memory aids were better than beginner athletes.The results also showed that the difference between the mean variables of mind control and distraction, self-comparison, reassessment, social control and anxiety in the three groups of expert, skilled and beginner was statistically significant. In the variable of controlling thoughts and reassessment components, the social athlete had a higher average than the beginner athlete's, and the beginner athlete had a higher average in the distraction, self-esteem, and anxiety components than the expert and skilled athlete. Having sports activity at national and international level leads to increased memory and thought control in young athletes.

This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of public sports with the moderating effect of place attachment and cognitive styles. For this purpose, 223 athletes in public sports centers of Tabriz were selected by the available sampling method and completed the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, place Attachment of Kyle et al, And the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) of Vitkin et al. Since Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p> 0.05) did not confirm the hypothesis of normality of the data, the data were analyzed by Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and regression with the alpha of 0.05. The results of the correlation test showed that there is a high correlation between place attachment and mental health considering the subscales. Univariate regression analysis also showed that place attachment predicts 0.95 units of mental health variable, which means predicting 95% of changes in this variable. This means that by increasing a standard deviation in the place attachment score, the mental health score will be reduced 0.97 Standard deviations. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between cognitive style and mental health of the subjects considering the subscales. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also showed no significant difference between three different groups of cognitive style in the scores of mental health variable by considering subscales at the 0.05 test level. Therefore, according to the results, it can conclude that place attachment as a modulating variable affects people's mental health scores.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of the type of sport in self-compassion and defense mechanisms of athletes. The current study was a comparative study. In this research, 210 student athletes (100 group members and 110 individual members) with an age range of 20 to 30 years were selected and completed the self-compassion and defense mechanisms questionnaire. The data was analyzed through the statistical test of one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference only in the subscale of human commonality among the factors of group and individual athletes' self-compassion So that group athletes felt less human commonality. There was no significant difference between group and individual athletes in adopting defense mechanisms and the athletes used defensive styles in a consolidated manner. Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the absence of an atmosphere of support for members in group sports can neutralize the advantage and superiority of the social context of this type of sports compared to individual sports in the process of coping and adaptation. It seems that participating in sports competitions can improve the mood of athletes and then their level of self-compassion will increase, and according to the integrated use of defensive styles by athletes in an adaptive way, sports psychologists with self-compassion interventions They can provide a platform for creating new coping styles, improving mindfulness and quick psychological recovery after failure for vulnerable athletes.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of virtual reality games with and without unilateral transcranial direct current anodal stimulation on the cognitive function of sedentary adolescent girls.Therefore, 36 adolescent girls were purposefully selected based on the entry criteria. Then, equal numbers were placed in three control groups, virtual reality + anodal stimulation and virtual reality + sham stimulation. The intervention was implemented for 12 sessions (3 sessions per week). First, sham or anodal stimulation was applied simultaneously on DLPFC and M1 for 20 minutes with a current intensity of 2 mA. Then virtual reality exercises were performed for 1 hour. The control group did not receive any intervention. N-back tests, reaction time software and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used to evaluate cognitive performance. The statistical test of the analysis Mixed ANOVA was used at the significance level of 0.05 and SPSS23 software. The results showed that the cognitive performance in the anodal stimulation group was superior to the other two groups in the post-test and retention phase (p=0.05). In fact, virtual reality with unihemispheric anodal stimulation has more and more lasting effects on the cognitive function of sedentary adolescent girls.

Self-compassion has effects as a powerful source of regulating and controlling the emotional behaviors of athletes. The purpose of the present study was to study the Shafqat program on the mental toughness of basketball athletes. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The participants included 24 basketball players from Zanjan city who were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 experimental (average age: 20.83 ± 1.27) and control (average age: 21.58 ± 1.24)) putting up. The 6-week group was trained in the self-compassion program with various video, audio and written exercises, and the control group did not have any intervention. Data were analyzed through SPSS 24 software and univariate covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.01. The results showed that with pre-test score control, there is a significant difference between the mental toughness scores of the two experimental and control groups. This means that training Self-compassion increases the mental toughness of basketball players.