نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 99، تابستان 1402)

One of the recent developments in power systems in order to increase the competitive environment and gain technical advantages is the expansion of electrical connections among various countries and the development of regional electricity markets. In this situation, the participation of market players is provided in international electricity markets in addition to local markets. In this article, considering the geographical location of Iran, the state of restructuring, the challenges of the production sector, and the increase of energy exchanges, the issue of developing a regional market with neighboring countries centered on Iran has been evaluated. For this purpose, firstly, the electricity industry structure of twelve neighboring countries of Iran with water and land borders has been analyzed and compared. Then, 18 important criteria for determining regional market development priorities have been identified and introduced. In the following, coefficients for different criteria have been assigned with expert survey and entropy methods, and by using SAW, TOPSIS, and Vikor multi-criteria decision-making methods, the priority of countries in connecting to the regional market has been determined. Finally, a comprehensive model for creating a regional market centered on Iran in a twenty-year time horizon has been proposed. The proposed model is divided into five phases with periods of three to five years for market development.

The aim of this research is identifying the best places to build a solar PV power plant using the Fuzzy AHP-OWA method in Andimshek city located in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, 12 criteria that were important from economic, environmental and security aspects were weighted by AHP model, then linearly standardized in GIS environment and finally combined with each other using OWA approach and using linguistic quantifiers. After combining the layers and weights, seven solar PV power plant site selection maps with various degrees of risk-taking (ORness) were obtained, and then the layer of restrictions and privacy was subtracted from them. The results indicated that if ORness is decreased, the less suitable places are suggested for solar PV  power plant site selection.

In many studies related to electric vehicle charging, the charging station rate is either assumed to be a constant or a continuous value. While the mechanism of charging stations is not like this. The most common methods of charging lithium-ion batteries are the constant voltage-constant current, multi-stage, pulse or adaptive method. As far as the researchers of this article are concerned, little research has been done on the coordinated charging of electric vehicles, considering the technical details of the battery charging method and the nonlinear behavior of the vehicle battery at charge levels and charge rates. Although this idealistic view simplifies synchronized charge optimization, in practice it leads to increased internal battery losses, reduced battery life, damage to the charger, and a large discrepancy between simulation results and practical implementation. With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, the need for practical charging methods has increased. In this paper, first, the adaptive current charging method of a lithium-ion battery is modeled, in which the charge current is changed inversely to the battery internal resistance in each state of charge interval to obtain the lowest battery losses. This model is then used for coordinated charging of electric vehicles, taking into account the interests of customers (reducing total charging costs) and the distribution network operation company (peak-shaving) in a real 37-bus network. The results show the efficiency of the proposed model in internal losses minimization of vehicle batteries, the total charging cost reduction and peak shaving of the network.

As the demand for electricity continues to grow, it is essential to ensure that power plants receive a consistent supply of suitable fuel. During the winter season, domestic consumption of gas increases, resulting in some power plants relying on liquid fuels, such as diesel, as a substitute for natural gas. Diesel is a popular option due to its reasonable cost compared to other fuels. However, it has lower calorific value than natural gas and reduces process efficiency. Additionally, it has large amounts of heavy metals and sulfur, with sulfur compounds known for their corrosive properties, causing significant damage to power plant equipment. Furthermore, combustion of the sulfur compounds results in the release of SOx pollutants, which have severe environmental consequences.
To address these concerns, comprehensive studies regarding optimal methods of desulfurization of liquid fuel should be conducted. The removal of sulfur from fuel oil should be discussed and implemented as part of the reform of the fuel supply chain of power plants. The basis of supply and demand of fuel with sulfur content higher than the standard should be solved systematically. Ensuring that fuel delivered to power plants falls within the permitted range of sulfur is necessary to prevent pollutants from fuel oil combustion entering the air and to reduce damage to power plant equipment caused by corrosion. Addressing non-standard fuel deliveries to power plants is also critical.
Given that diesel fuel remains an essential component for power plants, suitable measures to prevent sulfur corrosion must be employed in the design and construction of new power plants. This may include the use of additives. Renovating and upgrading refinery units can significantly reduce the production of fuel oil with high sulfur content, minimizing environmental impact.

In recent years, due to the understanding of the fact that crude oil is limited and human health is endangered by the emission of greenhouse gases and dangerous gases, the use of vegetable oil as a fuel in the compression ignition engine has been considered again. The purpose of this article is to review the preparation and study of the reaction of modified heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel by the method of transesterification using waste oils as an alternative fuel to fossil diesel. Based on this, first, the history of biodiesel production will be explained, and then the processes and methods of biodiesel production will be discussed. At the end, the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in biodiesel production will be reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each will be listed.

In Iran and the world, the energy sector of the building is on average about one-third of the total energy consumption, and this has caused the increasing focus of countries to plan the management of production, distribution and energy consumption. In Iran, national building regulations are one of the main legal capacities for building energy management, and very low-energy buildings are among the goals listed in it. This article tries to design a sustainable transition to a very low-energy building by using the policy roadmapping tool. For this purpose, by determining the mission statement and the purpose of creating a roadmap; Identifying the current situation and the challenges facing the transition; identifying drivers; Determining time horizons and determining continuous policies in different time frames for the transition to a very low energy building, a map was drawn. The current methodology is a mixed research method (quantitative-qualitative) and the nature of the research is applied. The time frame of the research is single-section and its purpose is prescriptive. The results of this process are drawn in the form of a transition policy map that has three-time frames (short-term, medium-term and long-term) corresponding to the three operational, tactical and strategic levels of transition management. At the same time, the drivers have also been identified and the two factors "lack of a common image of the future of energy, industry, and urban life" and "divergence of policies affecting the field of building energy in the dimensions of economy, industry, urbanization and urbanization, cultural and social" were recognized as the main drivers. . Based on the drivers and the existing situation, the policies are designed in three layers national policies, sectoral programs and enablers. In this article, an attempt was made to adapt the features of the transition management to the policy mapping of the content of the transition mapping to the very low energy building, and the developed mapping would be able to respond to long-term changes and meet the requirements of the transition management.