نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 74 (اردیبهشت1386)

Every day our world is affected by natural and man made event that can be develop to crisis and cause for little and crucial revolution in human life. Geographical situation, width and different calamity are causes that vulnerable our country as tenth country in the world. Tehran city sustain many disaster from found to now. In fact, health and medical department are active parts of disaster management. They are close to national health plan. Hospital as the most importance of medical institute mast prepare for fast response and correct management to disaster before it occur. According to content, a research designed for “Assessing of Hospital Disaster Management in Medical Science Universities of Tehran”. A descriptive and cross - sectional study have performed on 13 general and educational Tehran universities hospitals (Iran – Tehran – Shahid Beheshti) more than 100 capacities (set). For data gathering used of research makes checklist that consist of 210 questions that evaluate hospitals in every 10 object by 6 domains as: logistic, personnel, spaces, protocols and charts. For checklist validity used of content validity and its reliability with kappa test (0.80) was in good level. Research units’ preparedness at admission 38.32 percent, transfer and evacuation 39.63 percent evaluated as week domain. Emergency 48.20 percent, traffic 52.33, communication 52.14 percent, personnel 43.80 percent and management 48.17 percent evaluated in mid domain but security 68.97 percent, education 66.95 and backup 61.19 were in good level, admission ward grade was less than other and backup unit got more grade between other. Consequently, all hospitals got 51.94 percent degree that show all research units are in mid domain in disaster preparedness.

Increase in mobile phone users cause extensive consideration of researchers to biological effects of mobile phone waves. As the mobile set, is held near the ear and temporal lobe, and whereas distance of antenna from the inner ear is few centimeters, this study is the first research in our country to assess potential changes in auditory brain stem response of rabbit after exposure to mobile phone waves from a simulator. This study is experimental. In conducting the experiment, were used male rabbits. The method used was, auditory brainstem response (ABR), which is the usual method in detecting changes in retrocochlear and acoustic pathway. Before and after animal's exposure (one and two weeks), latency time of the fifth wave of ABR were measured and recorded with two stimuli, click and tone burst (at different frequencies) in two intensities of 70 and 100 dB. At the end of first week the latency time of wave V (ms) increased for all the frequencies of the experiment, especially at the (2000-4000 & 8000Hz). An increased of more than 0.2 ms was noticed. It was caused at least 10 dB deficiency in hearing. But at the end of second week of exposure, the latency time of wave V, at the frequencies of 500 and 1000 Hz, was almost unchanged but at the frequencies of (2000-4000 & 8000 Hz) was decreased more than 0.2 ms and was nearly the amount of pre-exposure. Statistical analysis of results has not shown significant changes between latency time of wave V (ms), in pre and post exposure (p>0.05). This decrease in 2000-8000 Hz frequencies at the end of second week can be viewed as adaptation of animal's hearing at high frequencies. Although for confirm it need to research more and longer.

The aim of this research was comparison of IHD’S risk factors between shift workers in automobile industries in Iran.

Knowledge of IHD risk factors and demographic data have gathered by using hygienistic files of workers, data had been analyzed with SPSS 11.5 and significance’s level (p value) was less than 0.05.

The mean of HDL cholesterol in one-shift workers was 47.63mg/dl, in two-shift rotation workers was 40.69 mg/dl and in three – shift rotation workers was 37.26mg/dl with p=0.000. Also frequency of workers with HDL cholesterol less than 45mg/dl in one-shift workers were 63 persons, in two – shift rotation were 128 persons and in three – shift rotation workers were 154 persons, with p<0.005.

There is relationship between the mean of HDL cholesterol, frequency of workers with HDL cholesterol less than 45mg/dL and work in two and three shift rotation. Since the low HDL levels are risk factors of ischemic heart disease, improvement of shift work is necessary.

The concern of the present research was to study vitamin E and its antioxidant medical quality, which is going to prove very useful to prevent prostaglandins formation. This study is done with regard to this scientific observation that one of the causes of menstrual migraine is the increase in the secretion of prostaglandins around the time of menstrual period and the proper doses of vitamin E which are very useful for preventing menstrual migraine. This research was done via clinical trial ‚ random ‚ double blind and cross over study. In the first step 300 university students who were all living in the dormitory were chosen. They were all affected by menstrual migraine and among them 84 people who were afflicted by the real menstrual migraine ‚ were separated and they were randomly divided to two groups. The first group ‚ in the first two menstrual cycles ‚ was given vitamin E and after wash out cycle ‚ during the next two menstrual cycles ‚ they were given placebo. The procedure was reversed for the second group. During the first two cycles the students in the second group were given placebo ad after wash out cycle ‚ during the next two menstrual cycles ‚ they were given vitamin E. Meanwhile the fluctuating average of severe headaches and their duration ‚ the amount of medicine (sedation) used ‚ the intensity of photophobia and phonophobia ‚ nausea along with their headaches and finally the degree and rate of their daily activity when they had headache were all evaluated. Eventually 67 people of both groups entered the final stage of analysis. The research indicated that in both groups ‚ both vitamin E and placebo were very effective on the reduction the average intensity of headache ‚ photophobia and phonophobia ‚ nausea along with headaches and the amount of medicine used ‚ but it is observed that the effect of vitamin E was more than placebo (p<0.05). From considering and comparing the activity of people that have used vitamin E in a period of time and whose that used placebo showed that vitamin E is much more effective in preventing menstrual migraine and alleviating the pain. In addition, since vitamin E did not have any side effect ‚ it could considered as a proper alternative for menstrual migraine prevention treatment.

Having positive attitude about breast feeding is a factor that mothers decide to feed their infants with their own milk. Determination of the relationship among mother factors and attitude about breast feeding. In this survey 300 inpatient mothers, new delivered with discharge status from Tehran city hospitals were assessed. Data was collected by questionnaire. Questionnaire included two parts: the first part was about mother factors and the second part was about mother’s attitude (Likert scale). Based on obtained results 77% mothers had positive attitude about breast feeding. The most of negative attitude was related to breast feeding effects on mother (42.2%) and then on child (39.9%). Factors like Job, in come, kind of support people and advisors showed no significant with mothers attitude (p>0.05). Mean of mothers Attitude scores with factors of education, age, number of children, gravid times, information sources, encourager showed statistic significant difference (p<0.05). Experience of mother about breast feeding and literacy are important factors in mother's attitude.

Emotional intelligence as an ability to manage feelings and emotions plays an important role in individual’s life and his or her success. Defense mechanisms occurring unconsciously can influence the emotions and their management and therefore are likely to change the level of individual’s emotional intelligence. The aim of this article was to examine the relation between defense mechanisms and aspects of emotional intelligence. 300 students of Shahed University (147 boys and 153 girls) were included in this study. All students asked to complete Emotional Intelligence scale and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Descriptive analysis, independent samples t test, correlation and multiple regression were used to analysis the data. Findings revealed that the correlations between mature defense styles and aspects of emotional intelligence and between neurotic defense styles and aspects of emotional intelligence were significant. Significant gender differences were found in emotional Perception, emotional Regulation and total score of emotional intelligence. Results of regression analysis showed that mature defense styles could significantly predict emotional intelligence and its components in girls while mature and neurotic defense styles did that in boys. In general, individuals who used mature defense styles had higher level of emotional intelligence.

Brucellosis is still known as a main hygienic problem in human. Pathogen is easily transmitted into human body by raw milk and fresh cheese. The use of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods is essential because of the hygienic and economic importance of brucellosis. In this research, we collected 106 samples of milk and blood serum from dairy cattle that had been referred to Rey slaughterhouse. Milk samples were cultured in modified Farrell ' s medium. In addition, according to Romero method, DNA was extracted from milk samples and PCR was done using JPR and JPF primers. Wright test was also done on serum samples. Comparison of PCR and culture with Wright test results showed that in culture method sensitivity is 31.6 percent and accuracy is 48 percent but in PCR, sensitivity is 58 percent and accuracy is 65 percent. Results of our study showed that PCR can be attended as a suitable and rapid method to diagnose brucellosis.

Opposite observations about the discrepancy in the pain perception between male and female has been reported. In this regard, in this research pain thresholds among male and female rats in different phases of oestrous cycle were evaluated via tail immersion test. In addition, the efficiency of alcoholic seed extract of Datura stramonium in the modulation of acute pain threshold has been studied. T he control groups of male and female rats were exposed to the tail immersion test using 52˚C water. In the experimental group, the extract of Datura stramonium was injected intraperituneally 25-30 minutes before the tail immersion test. Afterwards, in the both of control and experimental groups the smear samples were taken from the females. In the control group there is no significant difference in the pain threshold between male rats and females of different phases of oestrous cycle. However, in the female rats in proestrous and dioestrous phases, the pain thresholds are significantly lower than that of rats in oestrous phase (p<0.01). In the experimental group, male rats in addition to having lower pain threshold relative to whole females (p<0.05) (the average of 4 phases) treated with Datura stramonium, show a pain threshold that is significantly lower than that of females of oestrous and metoestrous phases (p<0.001). Furthermore, proestrous and dioestrous groups with lower pain thresholds relative to rats in oestrous and metoestrous phases show significant differences (p<0.001). The female rats in the different phases of oestrous cycle have different pain thresholds and the extract of Datura stramonium is more efficient in the pain relief of female rats than male, especially oestrous phase.

Endemic fluorosis is the most common generalized dental discoloration in several parts of Iran. The improvement of appearance in different degrees of dental fluorosis (mild, moderate and severe) was evaluated in vivo. In this study, 281 fluorotic permanent teeth from 45 patients were divided in to 3 categories: mild (62), moderate (150) and severe (62). Standardized intraoral slides were taken prior and after treatment. The pastes of pumice- HCl (18%) were rubbed on the labial surfaces of stained teeth (after isolation) with no webbed rubber cup. A treatment was defined as five application of the paste, with each application lasting 30 sec (total 21/2 min).Treatment were terminated when there were no visible stains or after maximum of 10 minutes. Slides were randomized and viewed independently by two standardized observes and rated for area of white spot lesions (WS), stain amount (SA) and stain intensity (SI), before and after treatment. The Wilcoxan's signed rank test indicated a significant difference in the area of WS and SA and SI (p<0.0001) from pretreatment to successive rating. Kruskal- Wallis analysis revealed no significant differences among the moderate and severe fluorotic teeth in SA and SI (p=0.58). Significant difference revealed in WS between 3 groups. The area of WS in severs group reduced more than moderate and mild groups. Relapse of discoration after 7 days was not seen in any patient. Mildly fluorotic teeth had the best esthetic results. In moderately and severely stained teeth brown and yellow stains completely removed but white spots continue to demonstrate.

Geographic tongue is usually an asymptomatic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects the epithelium of the tongue. The cause of the disease remains obscure. Patients with an allergic background such as a personal of family history of asthma, eczema, and hay fever, of an elevated total serum immunoglobulin E level may be more likely to have a geographic tongue. The purpose of this work is to determine the relations between geographic tongue and allergy in students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2005. In this research, 837 students in Medical Sciences University of Kerman were examined. Data collection were obtained by completing the related forms after oral examination and these data were analyzed by statistical program SPSS 13.5, t- test and χ ² test. From 837 persons (505 Female and 332 male), 104 cases (12.44%) had geographic tongue. From these 104 cases, 68 cases mentioned the allergy history such that the relation between allergy and geographic tongue was significant. The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in first degree relatives of geographic tongue patients was significantly higher than those of without geographic tongue. There was significant association between geographic tongue and some food, especially eggplant, walnut and tomato. In this study, the allergic factors were mentioned by greater than 50% of all persons with geographic tongue, which confirms the relation between this lesion and allergic phenomena.

Stainless steel instruments have long used as conventional instruments applied in root canal therapy procedures. Being difficult the canal preparation by these instruments, a new generation of nickel-titanium instruments have introduced. The aim of this study was to compare the manual Ni-Ti instruments with the Flex Master® Ni-Ti rotary system in canal preparation. Fifty patients having maxillary or Mandibular first or second molar teeth were selected and were divided in to two separate groups containing 25 patients each. After preparing the access cavities and placing No.15 manual Ni-Ti files within the canals, a periapical radiograph was taken by the means of Endo-ray®. In the group I, canal preparation was done through crown-down technique and manual Ni-Ti K-Flex files in which the coronal two thirds of the canals were prepared by stainless steel Gates Glidden drills. In the group II, the instrumentation procedure was performed by the means of rotary Ni-Ti Flex Master® system regarding the manufacturer’s instructions. After the instrumentation, a periapical radiograph was taken by Endo-ray®. All the pre- and post-treatment radiographs were digitized by the use of Fine Pix Fuji film® digital camera equipped by macro 50x lens and 2.8 diaphragm. The initial and post-treatment angulations of the canals, the amount of ledge formation, the occurrences of transportations, internal or external inclinations of the canal walls, root perforations and broken files were evaluated by Demo® and Adobe Photoshop® 7 computer soft wares. In group II, The canals were significantly more centrally located than those in group I and indicated less occurrence of transportation and no incidence of ledge formation. There was no perforation in either of the groups and not a significant interrelationship between the broken instruments and any of the methods used. Generally, the Ni-Ti rotary Flex Master® system can be a suitable choice in root canal preparation procedures.