Journal of Pathobiology Reaearch
Volume:2 Issue: 1, 1999

Suitable growth is one of the appropriate criteria for the assessment of child health under 2 years. For this assessment the international standard tables and curves can be used. But the geographical and race differences reduce sensitivity of these tables. The aim of this research was to determine the growth function and growth speed in nulipar and multipara in Mazandaran province and to compare these factors with the standard values.This research was a case-control and retrospecitve study.From the city health centers and village health houses in Sari, Behshahr, and Noshar in Mazandran province, the information concerning 410 infants born in the second half of the persian year 1377 (1998) was collected using medical care forms for under Six-year children of pregnant women. The infants were divided into four classes: first and third born boys, and first and third born girls.In each category, the information regarding the frequency table, the classification, the mean, median and the variances of other variables was compared with the N.C.H.S criteria.The percentiles (3,50,97) of the weight and stature of children were calculated in this way, from the birth until 24th months. Using mathematical model the growth speed of children (weight and stature) in the above groups were calculated.Then the 50th percentiles of the weight and stature of the children were studied in nulipara (case) and multipara (control) groups for the girls and boys separately and in comparison with the standard values.Result showed that the median of the boy's weight at the birth was more than the international standard median in two groups of nulipara and multipara children. But with the increase of age it had a decreasing trend. There was no significant difference between the girl's weight and the standard values.The median height of boys was bigger than that of the girls in all age groups, except at the birth.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide(LPS) is one of the most important and immunogenic antigens of this microorganism, that is used in construction of conjugated vaccines against it's infections.In this study the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 1310 strain, was extracted by heating the bacterial pellet in phenolic solution, followed by elimination of proteins and nucleic acids. After extraction of a-polysaccharide by heating in weak acidic solutions the toxicity of LPS and a-polysaccharide was studied in mice. None-toxic a-polysaccharid was conjugated with tetanus toxoid to increase it's immunogenecity and the ability of none-cojugated and cojugated a-polysaccharide in induction of humoral immune response was compared in rabbit.The obtained results indicates that the antibody titer against LPS increases by conjugation. Our results showed that by eliminating the lipid-A from the structure of LPS and conjugation of it with appropriate carriers we can detoxify it as well as increase it's immunogenecity.Conjugation of gram negative bateria a-polysaccharides with appropriate proteins can be considered as a probable route of vaccine production against their infections, in our country like some other counteries, although it needs complementary researchs and confimation of it's efficiency.

Wound healing is a complicated but regular process that includes synchronized and organized phenomena such as parenchyma cells migration, proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Rate of wound healing is afected by various factros. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local and intraperitoneal (IP) application of nicotine on wound healing. Albino male rats weighting 200-250 g. were used in this study. The rats were kept in standard cages. Food and water were available to them without any restriction, and room temperature was kept constant (20±2°C). Incision wounds (30 mm) were made on the shaved and cleaned back of the animals.In order to evaluate wound healing, measured values such as percentage of wound healing, healing time and tensile strength were used.Results of this study showed that:1- Duration of the wound healing increased in the animals recieving nicotine (both groups) as compared to the control group.2- Percentage of the wound healing in the nicotine treated groups decreased in days 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 in comparison with the control group.3- Different doses of nicotine did not show any significant difference on the wound healing.4- Local and IP application of nicotine had the same effect on reducing the rate of the wound healing.5- Tensile strength of the wounds decreased in the nicotine treated animals.Based on the above results, it could be concluded that nicotine has a negative effect on the wound healing process and reduces the rate of healing, and tensile strength of the wound.

This Research is an experimental study carried out to evaluate the effect of acupressureon post operative pain on 42 male patients who had received one of the appendectomy, cholecystectomy, gastrectomy or laparatomy surgeries in Abadan educational hospital.Sampling was carried out using Poisson's distribution and all the patients were divided into two groups. In each group, during the first 6 hours or the second 6 hours special ear acupoints (related to the type of operation) were pressed using vaccaria seeds. Shenmen point, in all cases,was selected as auxilIary. During the other 6 hours, without any intervention, all paramenters were measured.Data were collected using a questionnaire and a check list and visual analogue scale (O-tO Scores). All parameters of pain scores and physiologic responses (pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), behavioural responses (verbal and motor) were measured before and after the intervention in the case and, the control groups. Total analgesic use was also measured in the case and the control groups. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results indicated a significant difference between pre and post pain scores in the case group (P<0.05). Also, mean pain score difference (pain relief) in the case group was less than the control group (P<0.05). Besides, mean analgesic use in the case group was also less (P<0.05). But no difference in physiologic and behavioural responses of pain (P<0.05) was observed.Therefore it was confirmed that "acupressure decreases post operative pain". According to this study, the researcher suggests the auxilIary use of acupressure for postoperative pain.

Inhibitory effect of lactobacilli of dairy products of Tehran were tested against salmonella typi and salmonella paratyphi. In the first method, inhibited growth of samonella was noted after the treatment with supernatant of lactobacilli during 24 hr.By the second method, inhibition zones oflactobacilli agaist salmonella in cilinder method were measured. Minimum and Maximum inhibition zones were 6.8, 9.6 mm for S. typhi and 7.2, 9.8 mm for S. paratyphi.

Triflumuron is a new chitin synthesis inhibitor compound having post emergence effects on target insects. Post emergence efficacy of this insecticide was studied in laboratory and the effect of triflumuron on egg-hatching of Anopheles stephensi (Insectary strain) was investigeted. For this aim, male and female pupae ofAnopheles stephensi were separated and put in breeding catches. The pupae were emerged after two days and then adults were fed with different concentrations of triflumuron in 10% of sucrose or sucrose alone i.e, 1xLC90 (0.0004 mg/l), 2xLC90, 4xLC90, and 1% of active ingredient for five days. Egg-hatching rate for different treatment and control groups were 87%, 72%, 79%, 0% and 87% respectively. The results indicated that the tritlumuron even at 4xLC90 concentration has no effect on egg-laying and egg hatchability of adults. But when the adults were fed with triflumuron at 1% concentration, their egg-laying rate was reduced and hatching rate was decreased to 0%. In addition the eggs of Anopheles stephensi were exposed to water treated with triflumuron. The obtained results showed that triflumuron at 0.00008 mg/l (2xLC90) has no effect on eggs (6-12 hours old) hatchability.

According to WHO report, there are more than 100 million diabetics patients in the world from which more than two million live in Iran.There is not any complete therpy for diabet desease and the only effective therapy is the control of desease, to prevent its complications.Measuring, Glycosilated Hemoglobin (HbAlc) level is one of the methods used for determination of diabet disease. When more than 6 percent volume of blood hemoglobin of patient is Ale, then HbAlc is regarded abnormal. In other words this show that the disease is not controlled.In this paper we have considered effective factors on the increase of HbAlc by multiple logistic regression and complementary log-log models. The results show that obesity (BMI over 26.5 kg/m2), illiteracy, long precedence of disease, and not insulin based therapy are effective factors causing the increase of HbAlc.