نشریه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری
پیاپی 11-12 (زمستان 1384 و بهار 1385)

Rapid and uncontrolled tourism development has exposed the fragile environment to an ever-increasing risk of degradation. Unfortunately, both public and private sectors have been working to the detriment of the environment. In fact, tourism development has interfaced with the original characteristics of the area upon which it relied for attracting tourists. This means that tourism industry although mostly is ecologically based, it is not ecologically sound. These facts have increased awareness of tourism impact on environment amongst academics and social sectors. The author believes that sustainable development principles must become more serious and applicable and all three sectors i.e. public, private and social sectors, should commit themselves to move towards sustainability of environment. The article ends with suggesting a general framework for assessing tourism impacts on environment in the hope of effective transition towards sustainability in planning and development of tourism industry.

Tourism is a economic activity due to its specific nature and characteristics, opportunities to enter international business regardless of their level of development to provide been given. It is important to understand that these. ..

Nowadays, the effect of climatic conditions on tourism activities is obvious. The aim of this study is to evaluate impact of climatic conditions on tourism. ..

A destination image is 'the expression of all objective knowledge, impressions, prejudice, imaginations and emotion thoughts an individual or group might have of a particular place'(Lawson, baud, 1977).This concept is of great importance in tourism context as it can determine tourist' preferences and influence their behavior during all trip stages from pre-travel steps to post-travel ones. On the other hand destination's built environment, architecture and buildings which are considered as the most significant cultural attractions, can affect the tourist destination image formation. This study examines the relationship between Iranian-Islamic architecture and European's post-visitors Image towards Iran. The aim of this paper is also to study the various aspects of this image via a model proposed by Echtner and Ritchie in 1993. To be more precise, the study has focused on the Safavid buildings of Isfahan, a well-known Iran's tourist destination. Results of the study indicate that Iranian- Islamic architecture had a significant effect on European tourist image. According to findings, Naghsh-e -Jahan Square and Sheik Lotfollah mosque are considered as the most remarkable and memorable places in European's functional perception. Responses show that most of the respondents have expressed their affective image of Iranian• Islamic architecture by the words which connote wonder, admiration and economic activities caused is essentially the nature of the services to be remembered as the industry after the oil industry and automobile industry as the third world to be known. Among the different fields of tourism, health tourism, and subsets of its capabilities and advantages due to their attention have doubled and growth acceleration, among other forms of tourism shows. Iran tourism development in this field as it should perhaps focus has not been the custodian institutions and consequently the level of business in the private collection of active and feet have not been successful. Negligible number of which deal with this matter of economic prosperity and business continuity are not entitled. Answer and explain why the development of medical tourism (as one of the most important part of health tourism) and the concept of learning to understand and prioritize the factors related to health tourism development topic and purpose of this article. To do this important first questionnaire consisted of 25 factors affecting the development of medical tourism, based on literature research and expert were set. The questionnaires for these 85 practitioners from the field of medical tourism that snowball method was identified were sent. Finally, prioritize each factor using the Friedman test as the results of a questionnaire were determined. The findings indicated that the view of practitioners medical tourism business, three factors "for Iran in the field Brand treatment", "full coordination with related institutions, health tourism" and "exist institution between the part of trustee and agency policy" were greatly priority first to third of Iran in the development of medical tourism are.

The purpose aims tostudy the craft purchase behavior of European tourists in Isfahan and identify the determinants factors of this activity. lnthis study, tourist's purchase is based on the three- dimensional, conceptual model of Oh(2007). This model shows the relationship among demographic attributes, travel features, destination's environmental/ contextual characteristics and rourist's expenditure on handicrafts. The relation between the first three factors and tourist's expenditure on handicrafts in Isfahan has been analyzed via inferential statistics and the items of each of those variables have been ranked according to their relation with the expenditure. Tourists· craft purchase preferences have been prioritized using descriptive statistics and their expenditure has been ev aluated.

The purpose of this study is examining the role of urban management in recogruzmg tourism potential, planning and exploitation of attractions. 011P<::tinnPr, were selected amonz tourists for understanding of the and recreational activities in Chabahar and Shiraz. We used the total monthly precipitation and average temperature, sunshine hours, wind speed, relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature data of Chabahar and Shiraz stations monthly and in a forty- year time span. Mieczkowski tourism climate index was used for this research. The results of this paper showed that climatic conditions of Chabahar in cold seasons of the year (i.e. Autumn and winter) are suitable for tourism activities but during the warm seasons of the year (i.e.spring and summer) face limitations. According to tourism climate index, January and February are the best time of the year for tourism activities in Chabahar. The best seasons for tourism in Shiraz are spring and Autumn and April, May and October has ideal condition for tourism.

Today in third world's countries, tourism destination developing is the strategy to develop the suitable area. Existing and good distribution of tourism attractions makes this strategy is important, in iran. Analysis of condition host area for achieving positive tourism impacts is necessary. In this paper, the advantages and restrictions of developing of tourism destinations is distinguished by SWOT analysis. all of element's SOWT is evaluated by Likert rang. Results show that the score of restriction is 55.69 (include weakness and threat) and the score of advantage is 55.31(include opportunity and strength). therefore restrictions is over the advantages. Although the emerging of other tourism destinations is more important threat, but it causes to decrease vulnerability of the virgin nature and beautiful landscape as more important of developing tourism destination strength. because the tourism infrastructure is not available..