نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، بهار 1390)

Nowadays, the most important social problem among adolescents is aggression. Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of non-supportive parenting style, self-regulation and aggression using structural equation modeling method. In a descriptive correlational study, 192 high school students were selected by cluster multistage sampling method. All participants were asked to complete Parent Report Measure of Parenting, Self-Regulatory Inventory and Children’s Social Behavior Scale-self report. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed by using Amos-16 to examine the research model. The results indicate there is no significant difference between males and females in terms of aggression (P>0.05). In addition, the findings revealed overall model fit, with both dimensions of non-supportive parenting style (rejection and chaos) and self-regulation as significant predictors of aggression. Self-regulation partially mediated the effects of non-supportive parenting style on aggression among adolescent. Consistent with our conceptual model, the results reveal that there were direct and indirect (via self-regulation) relationships between non-supportive parenting style and aggressive behavior in adolescents.

Lack of job satisfaction can lead to more dysfunction and errors in personnel work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of work stress, coping strategies, resilience, and mental health and their preventive role on job satisfaction in a sample of anesthesia technicians. In a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2010, convenient sampling was used for selecting 120 anesthesia technicians who are working in hospital surgery rooms in Tehran and Iran universities of medical sciences. Participation and continuation in the research project was voluntary. All subjects completed these questionnaires: Job stress scale (JSS), Moos and Billing's coping style questionnaire, Conner-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), general health questionnaire (GHQ), and job satisfaction-dissatisfaction scale (JSDS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. There was a negative significant correlation between job stress, physical inhibition coping strategy, and low mental health with job satisfaction (P<0.05). Also, there was a positive significant correlation between resilience, social support and problem-focused coping strategies with job satisfaction (P<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a positive significant role for problem-focused coping strategy and a negative significant role for job stress in predicting job satisfaction of anesthesia technicians (P<0.01). Reducing job stress and increasing the use of problem focused coping strategy can lead to more job satisfaction in anesthesia technicians.

One of the personality characteristics affecting on the student’s performance is imposter syndrome. Klans and Aimes first introduced pretendism phenomenon and believed that this phenomenon serves as progress and success obstacle. This study had done aiming to investigate relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem with imposter syndrome among medical students. In a correlational study, 146 medical students, studying in Gilan Medical university and 54 participants from Yerevan medical college were selected through classified random sampling in 2009-2010.Study tools were Showt emotional intelligence scale, Cooper Smith self-esteem test and imposter syndrome scale (CIPS). Data was analyzed by correlation and regression model. Self-esteem has negative significant correlation with imposter syndrome (P<0.0001). Among emotional intelligence indicators, evaluation indicator, emotional expression and emotional productivity have positive significant correlation (P<0.009) with imposter syndrome (P=0.2), while there is no correlation between emotional regulation and imposter syndrome. Also there was a significant difference among predictive variables of Guilan University and Yerevan medicine college students in terms of emotional productivity indicator. Although Individuals with imposter syndrome are successful in their performance, they are not capable to internalize their successes and gain self-esteem.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the puppet play therapy intervention on communicative skills of autistic children.This research has implemented in the shape of quasi-experimental designs with pre-post test and control group as a design based action research method. The preschool age autistic children of Mashhad city was our statistical population that ten patients out of them have allocated in control and intervention group who were participated in puppet play therapy intervention in 2009-2010. The Early Social-Communication Scales (ESCS) was performed in before and after intervention. The data were analyzed by The U Mann-Whitney and The wilcoxon’s Signed-Ranks Tests. Findings indicate that in terms of total score of ESCS, there is significant differences between groups (P=0.009). Also on eye contact subscales, initiating behavioral requests (P= 0.012), low-level behavioral requests (P= 0.012), responding to social interaction (P=0.015), over all initiating behavioral requests (P=0.011), and requests implementation (P=0.005), puppet play therapy intervention group has significant differences. About achievement (P=0.335), initiating requests (P=0.214), pointing to objects (P=1.00), and give objects (P=0.74) subscales, there is no significant differences. Qualitative findings from the parental reports also indicate that intervention may be effective. The results indicate that puppet play therapy has been effective for achievement of communicative skills of autistic children.

The level of awareness to different emotions and ability of a person to speak about himself/herself, are related to parent’s response to their children. This study aims to analyze the correlation between alexithymia and attachment to mother in adolescents. In this correlational descriptive study which was done in 2008-2009, 120 students (60 girls, 60 boys), aged 13-15, were selected through multi-stage randomized sampling in Rasht (North of Iran). Questionnaires used in this study were Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Inventory of Parents and Peers Attachment. SPSS software was used to analyze data through Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis tests. The components of trust has negative significant correlation with Difficulty Identifying Feeling (DIF) (P=0.012) and positive significant correlation with components of Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF) (P=0.01), Externally-Oriented Thinking (EOT) (P<0.001) and the total score of alexithymia (P=0.001). The component of relationship with mother has significant negative correlation with DIF (P=0.01) and positive significant correlation with DDF (P=0.04), EOT (P<0.001) and the total score of alexithymia (P=0.009). The total score of attachment has negative significant correlation with DIF (P=0.006) and positive significant correlation with components EOT (P<0.001) and the total score of alexithymia (P=0.007). Regression analysis showed that relationship with mother, and maternal alienation components can predict alexithymia.Providing a safe relationship and meeting children's needs in the first year of his life, has a desirable effect on child’s physical and psychological health and his social skills in the next years of his life.

The main question of this study is that why some patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), suffer mental disorders even after recovery from physical problems, while others with some similar characteristics do not receive the diagnosis of any mental disorders.‎ In this study which was performed from March to February 2010 in the Poursina Medical and Educational Center of Rasht city overall, 238 patients (43 females and 195 males) with TBI in the form of a descriptive-longitudinal study, were chosen by non-random, consecutive sampling. Each patient was evaluated by Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcome scale, Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-R) vocabulary and picture completion subtests, Mini-Mental State Examination and General health questionnaire. After 4 months of follow-up, 65.1% (155 cases) of patients were referred to a psychiatrist to determine the nature of mental disorder due to TBI, using check list for structured clinical interview based on diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria. The results showed that two group of patients (with and without mental disorders) were significantly different in variables such as ‎ level of consciousness (P<0.001), duration of ‎loss of consciousness (P<0.003), duration of confined in intensive care unit (P<0.005), length of hospitalization (P<0.013) and levels of General compatibility after the trauma (P<0.0001) 4 ‎months after TBI. Planning effective interventions, inclusion in the neurobehavioral rehabilitation processes following‎ TBI ‎and also monitoring and evaluation of these patients at least four months after trauma can reduce the risk of mental disorders.‎

Parent of children with autism face challenges which could be predisposing for negative psychological outcomes. Involvement of parent in implementing intervention strategies designed to help their children can reduce these negative outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of parent education and skill training program (PESTP) on selfefficacy of mothers with preschool children with autism. This semi-experimental study was conducted with pretest, posttest and follow-up design, using control group. This research was done during 2009-2010. Samples of study were 21 mothers of preschool children with autism (aged 3-7 years) in Mashhad selected through available sampling and randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. Participant in experimental group received eleven sessions of training with the PESTP. All participants completed demographic questionnaire, parenting sense of competence scale (PSOCS) before, immediately after and 70 days after training as follow-up. To analyze data mixed analysis of variance were used. The results showed that training with the PESTP didn’t increase maternal self-efficacy (P=0.86). Also, no significant changes were observed in maternal satisfaction (P=0.49) and sense of competence (P=0.70). The results of this research showedthat parent education and skill training program is not effective in increasing self-efficacy.

Boredom is a mental state that can have serious impact on different aspects of life, including: profession and education. The purpose of this study was to identify those factors associated with boredom in a sample of Persian adolescences. In a correlational study, 182 students (96 girls and 82 boys), aged between 12 to 18 years who were studying in secondary and high school level of education in Khoram Abad city, center of Lorestan (a western province of Iran) were selected using a cluster random sampling in 2009. The participants were asked to fill in boredom assessment scale (BSA) and boredom factor questionnaire (BFQ) included 4 components: home factors, school factors, community factors and educational items. Several Pearson correlation and regression analyses were applied on the data. It was shown that home factor (β=0.23) and school factor (β=0.24) were significantly correlated with boredom (P<0.01). Home factor (β=0.39) was a robust predictors of boredom in girls, while school factor (β=0.30) was a strong predictor of boredom in boys (P<0.01). Major components of home factor were: strictness of parents, parental dispute and conflict, more spare time without any job to do, and lack of pastime and recreational activities, and for school factor, component were: strict and serious behaviors of teachers and inappropriate homework. Inadequate interpersonal relationships and inflexible teaching or parenting style appeared to be the main predictors of boredom in adolescents. These variables should be taken in account while dealing with boredom in adolescents in order to prevent destructive consequences.