مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 6 (بهار و تابستان 1387)

To provide the food necessities have been a major priority of government projects through recent decades. So, development of agriculture has been considered as a pivot.The lack of water resources because of rising the demand in agriculture, industry, drinking water and environment (as a result of growing population) has brought up the maximum utilization of existing water resources and the improvement of exploitation and production.In country such as Iran, which water contains a limit potential, the development of agriculture is dependent to it. Thus the existing utilized water and the utilizable one do not meet agriculture development process and growing population’s food. So management of optimum utilization of water along with demand management are important factors to make possible the firm development in economy and agriculture. Leaving the management of systems to private sector or utilizers and their participations are of the proper policies.

Natural disasters lead to sad tragedies and very day life would be disordered after them, people would need to food, cloths, shelter, and healthcare. All nations need the crisis management in order to reduce the impacts of natural disasters, managing the relief operation, rescue, temporary settlement, and reconstruction. In this paper we study the initial level of crisis which includes safety, warning, and training.

Ecotourism is mainly on the basis of resources and attractions which natural environment provides for tourists and exploitation of it requires appropriate possibilities and condition, and also needs preserving natural resources. This can be fulfilled by measuring capability and capacity of natural environment for receiving tourists.That is why; present research with the title of (examination of developing tourism capacity of Alamut with emphasizing ecotourism) has been prepared.Recognition of natural potentials of area and influence of tourism in development and expansion of it, and also recognition of tourism capability and its attractions from the tourist's point of view are goals of this research. The role of tourism and its results on the economical cultural and social aspects, in studied area indicates the importance of doing this research.This research has been done in descriptive method, necessary information has been gathered by questionnaires from the local residents and tourists which travel to this are especially in vacation.Taking samples has been done randomly within tourists and area residents in the age of fewer than, 20-45and over 45. In this research some theories has been propounded on the basis of theatrical essential and research back ground, which their statistical results reveal that:Examination of cultural indicators shows that there is a relation between tourist beliefs and resident's beliefs. It means both tourists and residents believe that improvement of tourism results in some changes in cultural aspects of area like food, clothing, ceremonies and etc.In the social aspects, tourism and residents believe tourism industry not only doesn’t have negative effects but also it has positive effects like production of employment and reducing unemployment rate, and preventing people’s immigration from the area, to other cities in general, in totaling economical aspects of ecotourism on economical improvement of area this conclusion has been taken that improvement of tourism industry will lead to improving economy of area.At the end of the research, on the basis of research finding some suggestions has been proposed, for example: arrangement of local bazar, real estate agencies and one or more tours…

Temperature is one of climatic components which has significant role over other climatic elements. Analysis of its change trend in environment planning is import solution for many environment problems. In this research, in order to analyze the trend and temperature condition in Kermanshah, the average and monthly temperature applied during the statistical period (1957-2005). There for by using the statistical parameters and SPSS software, various kind of diagram is drawn and analyzed. The result from statistical analysis indicated that annual temperature of Kermanshah station ranged from 14/46 to 14/53. Based on test, although the temperatures of Kermanshah have fluctuated toward the average temperature in some years, but generally it indicates the normal trend. Analyzing the probability of temperature occurrence in different level based on webule’s experimental formula and table method indicated that, with 90-80 percent possibility, annual temperature of Kermanshah will be between 15 – 15/5.

Today, one of the basic procedures to increase political, social and economic relationship is to found similarities between countries, especially culture, language…Iran and Tajikistan in central Asia have many similarities in history, language and religion, therefore this interests and ties to ancestral customs and traditions cause to increase attachments between Iranian and Tajik nations. Nouruz ceremony and love of joint literature and great Persian poets lead to close relationships between two nations, which can spread Islamic, Iranian culture throughout the region and therefore to establish the cultural and art capacity, and to fulfill this, it is necessary to create literary associations and to hold cultural programs and Persian language instruction, that create a new grounds and opportunities in central Asia for Iran and probably the most effect is rehabilitation of Silk Road, because of their geographical situation and long distance to free waters, will introduce Iran as safest country to transport energy and trade in the region.

One of the most important purposes in local studing and land use evaluation the hazards of erosion in various areas and determing its quantity. For evaluating erosion, there are many metods. In this methods, there are different factors such as rain erosion, value of erosion soil and plant coverage. According to important variables that have influence on above factor and total value of erosion distiribution and geographical dispersion and the way of interfering them in change rate of soil erosion also determined. Although there are different methods e for evaluating erosion hazards, SLEMSA model. Because of using curvature correlation, serving effective factors in erosion, determining value interfering factors based on their significance with a ratio of weight and finally considering all of effects in this model have optimal potential power. In this study, for evaluating soil erosion at basin watershed of Mousa Abad in Tiran by using SLEMSA modle, the first we begin to collect, prepare and enter information layers such as topography, climatological, plant coverage and outer level of the land, then with composing this layers, basin is separated to410 units of sedimentation that 220 are upward and 210 are in downward. At the end, the value of erosion hazard is measured and giving value is as unit of erosive hazard in basin (EHU).

With the expansion of cities and the construction of roads and highways, land otherwise permeable to water, are increasingly made resistant to rainfall absorption, the reduction of forest lands and pastures, growing at an alarming speed, also adds to the severity of the problem. Therefore, with the increase of impermeable lands in the cities on the one hand and with the decrease of pasture lands in rural areas on the other, floods increase in terms of volume and number. Floods are only natural phenomena and are as old as nature itself. What is unnatural is man,s insistence on occupying flood plains and also his ignorance or forget-fullness regarding their recurrences. Therefore, if natural phenomena are well understood and residents are trained in using such plains, damages and casualties can be reduced drastically. similarly, advanced technology can be employed to stop or reduce the occurrences of such catastrophic but natural phenomena.In this paper, we studied floods and especially floods in province of Esfahan. In the province of Esfahan floods is a one of most natural phenomena.

The history of Moslems’ contribution to the science of geography is part of the intellectual renaissance which represents the advent of the Islamic Civilization. The rising and development of this civilization was in close conjunction with the emergence of a new scientific vitality which made the intellectuality conspicuously superior to power so that the science of geography and geographers of the Islamic world became influential in all over the world up to 15th century A.D.In view of the status of the Islamic world today and having the goal of providing applied geographical data, on regional and national grounds in mind, the following endeavors deem necessary: envisaging the developed Islamic world and explicating scientific development approaches and strategies; reestablishing the Moslem geographers’ position in congruent with the new era conditions; originating knowledge at global level, developing geographical information technology; and meeting the demanding situation of founding Islamic World Geographical Union (I.W.G.U).The establishment of the union will set the ground for the geographical associations, organizations and universities of the Islamic world to join their forces to develop the science of geography, through optimal and appropriate planning in intra-civilization uniformity to the world’s changing circumstances while focusing on its applied aspects within a framework of Moslem Community to ultimately develop the Islamic world.