نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1390)

Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory normal and non-normal personality are located along a continuum. This study amid to the compare activity of brain/behavioral systems and mental health in addicts and normal individuals based on Jeffrey Gray theory. This research was a kind of cross-sectional research that was performed in 2009. Fifty addicts (opium 26, heroin 18 and cocaine 6) and 50 normal subjects chosen by at hand sampling method and based on age, sex, and educational level matched. In this research of Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire and depression, anxiety, Stress scales were used. Data were analyzed by t-test in independent groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference between normal and addict’s individuals in both behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system (P>0.05), but there isn’t a significant difference in fight/flight system (P>0.05) and also there is a significant difference between depression, anxiety and Stress in normal and addict’s individuals (P>0.05). The results of this study conform to basic hypotheses of reinforcement sensitivity theory Gray and psychological condition of addict’s individuals.

Aggression behavior of psychiatric inpatient against psychiatric nurses is known problem job in wards. Then survey of nurse's experiences of occupational aggression is reflex of senses, thinks and their attitude toward self, patient, quality of care and predisposing problems, that it can be a way for the next programs of department. Therefore present study done with goal explanation nurses experiences of occupational aggression in the psychiatric wards of Shahid Beheshti Center in Kerman city at 2010. This research is a qualitative study with phenomenology method. Participants were selected of community nurses bases acceptance criteria through purposeful sampling to limit data saturation (n=18) data gathering done by depth and semi-structural interviews and every interview was recorded on a tape, then data analysis was done by Cloaizzi method. Aggression behavior mostly occurred by patient and next by family patient, cause of aggression mostly was inappropriate expectations by patient and next nature of illness, the most of nurses experienced verbal aggression to nonverbal and they reported physical aggression with minimize limit 2-3 times in the one year ago. The time of aggression behavior occurred the first reaction by nurses was spoke with patients in order to prepare to relieve for their, and often not effect and leading to fixation of patient. and other results of research summarized in 4 core concepts: inadequate support nurses by managers of hospital, weakness of risk management by nurse, outcomes aggression in nurses and nurse attitude of love humanistic. Attention to below subjects are necessary: reforcement of approach management such as permanent meeting at hospital, survey of failures, encouragement nursing personnel, permanent education with emphasize on roll modeling, fallow up and report aggression situation, with the better of investigation and organization.

The pain self-efficacy scale assesses the patient’s confidence in his ability to complete daily living activities despite pain. Current research aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version for pain Self-Efficacy Scale in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. This study was descriptive and validation type. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling through 160 CLBP patients referring to Poursina Hospital in Rasht, North of Iran, in 2010. Subjects completed the Visual Analog Scale, Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, Short Form of the Depression Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Factor structure of the Pain Self-Efficacy Scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construction (divergent and convergent) and predictive validity of this scale were also examined. Internal consistency of scale was excellent (α=0.91), test-retest reliability coefficient equivalent of 0.73 and coefficient of item-total correlation were obtained for each item in acceptable range of 0.73 to 0.78. Results of factor analysis indicating a factor called "Pain Self-Efficacy" that accounted for 65.16% of the total variance with minimal factor loading of 0.73. Scores of self-efficacy scale predicted a significant proportion of the variance in scores on measures of kinesiophobia, depression, disability, and coping strategies even after controlling for confounding effects of age, duration and intensity of pain and duration of medication use. Moreover, they were correlated with these variables from expected aspects. Findings suggest that Persian version of pain self-efficacy scale has satisfactory psychometric properties which is applicable in research and clinical situations relating to CLBP patients.

Normal female sexual function has an important role in feel healthy and increasing quality of their life. Attitudes, tendencies and understanding of sexual partner in sexual relationship, can be accounted as some branches of attachment to parents. According to Bowlby’s important theory about attachment and less access to studies that tested hypothesis derived from this theory about sexual problems, this research is accomplished to determine the relationship between adult attachment style to parents with female sexual function. This research is a kind of descriptive-correlation study, that 161 married women, between 15-44 years were selected by Ghaem Hospital and obstetricians’ of offices, in Mashhad. Data were collected by questionnaires of adult scale of parental attachment during their childhood, and female sexual function index. Data were analyzed by SPSS using liner regression; confidence coefficient was considered 95%. The entire domain of sexual function except sexual lubrication were related to secure attachment style to mother and all the domain of sexual function except sexual painless was negatively related to distant attachment style to father (P<0.05) Maternal secure attachment and paternal insecure distant attachment play important role in adulthood sexual function in the adulthood which is in agreement to Bowlby's findings

This study sets out to examine a comparison of the effectiveness of family therapy, based on Schema therapy and Bowen’s emotion system therapy on early maladaptive schema among divorce applicant clients of Saghez city, West of Iran. The design of the study is as experimental research with pretest and post test with control group. The data population includes all of divorce applicant clients to well-being and counseling agencies of Saghez city, one of the provinces of Kurdistan (2011). Sixty six clients were selected at random from among the data population. Using the tools of early maladaptive schema scales (EMSs) of Young (1990), the scales of independent variables of early maladaptive schema were measured within divorce applicant clients (pre test) and at the end, based on random allocation, subjects were arranged in three groups 32 subjects in each group. Analyzing the data, primary and conducting data analysis withmulti analysis of covariance (MANCOVA),the indexes of statistic power were calculated. The results showed that controlling pre test of significance level, all tests of variables of groups indicate the existence of a significant difference, at least with regard to the one of the dependent variables- early maladaptive schema between divorce applicant clients of experimental and evidence groups (F=80.06, P<0.0001). Therefore, all hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of family therapy which is based on schema therapy and Bowen’s emotional system therapy on early maladaptive schema among divorce applicant clients were confirmed. The findings of the study, furthermore, showed that although both schema therapy and Bowen’s emotion system therapy have almost a similar effect on effectiveness of schemas and their components.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases in which the chronic duration of disease and disability can cause COPD exacerbation. Since there is insufficient dataavailable for this caseinIran, we have investigatedthepsychopathological featuresof these patients. In a descriptive analytic study, from March to September 2008, amongpatients of respiratoryclinicat Ghaem Hospitalof Mashhad city, in northeastern part of Iran, 43 people who werediagnosedwith COPD were selected via a convenience sampling and a spirometry was performed. A clinicalpsychologistassessedthe mentalstatus ofthe patients with the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) instrument,and theHamilton andBeck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using theSPSS-14software and tests such as t-test, ANOVA and Pearson. Mean score for Global Severity Index (GSI) was 0.56 for men and 0.98 for women, and 51.2% of patients had developedmorbid psychopathologicalstatus. 51.8% of the patients were clinicallydepressed and 46.5% of them had abnormalanxiety. Women are more prone to experiencing symptoms such as depression, anxiety, phobia and physical disorders (P<0.05). Patients with severe COPD were more depressed in compare to patients with mild and moderate COPD (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively). Patients with COPD had high scores of psychopathological status. Depression is more prevalent among women diagnosed with COPD which is directly proportional to the severity of disease.

One of the mental disorders in pregnancy and the period after it, is postpartum depression which can be a threat for security and health of mother and infant. With regard to this matter the study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and related factors. This research is a descriptive-analytical study which was conducted in gynecology and obstetric department in Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan city, Southeast of Iran. The participants were 300 women selected randomly and were evaluated four times (immediately after delivery, 4 weeks after the first assessment, 6 weeks after the second assessment and 8 weeks after the third assessment) with Beck Depression Inventory and demographic questionnaire. Mother under treatment for psychological problem, mother whose babies present serious health problem, BDI score less than 14 and mothers don’t have number for calling was excluded from the study. The data was analyzed by SPSS. In this study 33.7% were depressed and it was observed that there was a significant relation between the mother age, kind of delivery, infant’s gender, mother’ education, history of previous depression and psychotropic drugs using (P<0.05). Postpartum depression is relativelyfrequent. Adjustment of any of factors which have role in this disorder, can be useful in decreasing the postpartum depression.