پژوهشنامه تربیتی
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1384)

This experimental study is based on behavioral–cognitional biochemical theories of psychological disturbance treatment and its goal in order to evaluate relative the function of cognitional behavioral – medical treatment techniques combination and their total impact on practical and mental obsession disturbances. There fore, we selected four groups of people randomly, each of which included 8 clinic clients. The findings show that there is no significant variation in terms of age, level of education, suffering duration and gender. However, getting married presents cause a significant variation among clients. The first and the second assumption analysis indicates that each treatment technique alone may alleviate obsession, depression, anxiety, altering beliefs, unconscious insanity symptoms and may lead to patient relative social tolerance. The analysis of the third assumption indicates that medical treatment and cognition – behavioral techniques combination to be more efficient than any single treatment comparing to control group of waiting list. The fourth assumption analysis shows cognition – behavioral technique of treatment advantage to medical treatment in terms of all indexes except of depression relief.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical, cognitive- behavioral, cognitive and eclectic therapeutic approaches on decreasing the state-trait anxiety. In order to obtain this goal, from 300 clients who reffered to one psychiatric office and Alzahra counseling centre, fifty clients randomly selected. These clients had obtained scores higher than one hundred and ten in sphilberg’s state and trait Anxiety scale. Then this sample group, was randomly assigned to five groups of ten. In this research, the therapeutic approaches was the independent variable, and state-trait anxiety symptoms was the dependent variable. The therapeutic approaches have been adminstered to therapeutic groups in Seventeen sessions. Therapeutic methods and strategies were used in this research, are presented below respectively: 1) cognitive-behavioral therapies included: Informational expressions about anxiety with emphasises on cognitive-behavioral model, applied relaxation training and recognition and modification of inappropriate and negative attitudes. 2) cognitive therapies in cluded: determining the physical, affective, cognitive and behavioral symptoms of anxiety and anxiety effects on performance, awareness of authomatic thoughts and effects of these thoughts on functioning, determining the cognitive defects and irrational thoughts replacement of this irational thought with rational ones and presentation of feed-back to these thoughts. 3) medical therapies included: The use of Banzodiazepins, Baspirone and Barbiturates drugs. 4) In eclectic therapies, the integrative approaches from medical and cognitive-behavioral approaches were used. The control group had not received any therapeutic approaches. Post-test adminstered one week after the end of therapeutic sessions. The results had been analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tuckey’s test. The evidences showed a significant difference between effects of therapeutic approaches in decreasing the state anxiety (= 122,1, P< 0.01). Tuckey’s post-hoc test showed a significant difference between cognitive behavioral and cognitive therapies, between cognitive and medical therapies, between cognitive and eclectic therapies, between cognitive and eclectic therapies, between cognitive therapy and control group and also between cognitive-behavioral and medical therapies, between cognitive-behavioral therapy and control group, between medical therapy and control group and between eclectic therapy and control group on the basis of differential scores of pretest-postest. The result of ANOVA showed a significant differece (between therapeutic groups in effects of decreasing the state anxiety. Tuckey’s post-hoc test showed a significant difference between cognitive-behavioral and cognitive therapies, cognitive and medical therapies, cognitive and eclectic therapies, cognitive therapy and control group, and also between cognitive-behavioral and eclectic therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapy and control group, medical and eclectic therapies, medical therapy and control group and eclectic therapy with control group. Altogether, the most effective therapeutic approaches in trait anxiety were respectively: cognitive-behavioral, eclectic, medical, and cognitive therapies, also in state anxiety they were respectively: eclectic (medical + cognitive-behavioral), cognitive-behavioral, medical and cognitive therapies.

This research aims at studying the role of an overall instruction to achive constant development. The researcher hypotesis is that development is impossible except for applying an overall instruction, although it is meaningless to separate these concepts from eachother. An overall instruction is necessary because of bing available for all people of different ages in different places. This research contains a brief definition of constant development, it`s historical origins, and overall instruction as a missed process to reach constant development. The literature and instructional models and the emergency of altering them are briefly reviewed. Several practical sterategies are suggested. The basic theme of of the research is that: “the children who learn together, will be able to live together.”

This research focuses on the number of people using mass media in bojnurd. This research is done through survey method using questionnaire as well as the collected data through Spss software. The main achievement is that 45/4 literature bojnordians above 15 years old are interested in mass media. Meanwhile, the main reason that newspaper is not read by people is because of problems in delivering it to people khorasan newspaper is more common among the people. Women and men act differently in reading newspaper. Men are more interested in reading newspaper and women are more interested in reading magazine.

The Process of the large –scale development is very complicated. There are many suitable methods in recognizing and solving the development problem. The level of study and tending to reading are considered as the main of development. Creating conscious sati's faction is done through study. Since study is acquisitive activity and childhood is the Period of humanity dignity and university to increasing the people's in sight. In this article our focus is on the role of study among the students. Some of the achievements are as follows. - %66 of students possess personal library at their home. - Only %3 of students possess more than so books. - %47 of Bojnord AzadUn Islamic students believe that their teacher dont refer them to library for teaching subject.

This comparative analysis intends to measure behavioral judgments of students who have benefited the disciplinary spaces with those who havent Besides. Other variables such as gender, type of disciplinary space, school (high school, guidance school) average grade and age are studied. Disciplinary space is managed to present disciplinary and training officials such as cultural centers so called 'kanoon'. Sport clubs, religious learning centers so called 'Dar- o –I Quart' and recreational camps. The population was 688 students who were studying in guidance and high schools (vocational, non – vocational, preuniversity) in 2002 – 2003 school year and they were chosen as the source of cluster sampling. Anne Colby and Kelsey Kaufman's behavioral judgment test was used as a measuring tools. Statistical, descriptive and analytical methods were used to analyze the assumption, and findings showed that there was a significant variation between behavioral judgment of the students who participated in aforementioned disciplining and behavioral judgment variables and some factors such as the students discipline unit grade, age, total average grad, parent's level of education.

Back ground: Large multy center Trials has been shown That, patients training is very important in reduction: patient stay in hospital, recurrent addmition_ cost of Treatment and, prevention of diseases and complications. In the western country this has referred to a team, so called "social care team". Unfortunately such teams arent practicing in our country, so this responsibility has referred to nursing groups. determination of significant of Training to patients from The point of view of nursing student and, assessment of most important inhibitory and facility factors. This study is a descriptive study. Sample: 100 nursing students in 3rd and 4th term of nursing college of karaj. most student participitated in this study were agree with importants of training to the patient. in respect to nurse's duties and respect to absent of (social care team) in our country. And according to the results of this study most students should and could train their patients. This study suggested that, nursing college should arranged the training of patients in their program.

Poetry is Iranian`s essential, national and racial art. From almost 10000 poets during more than 1000 years, ten have been known as genius because of their style. Among them we can name: Ferdowsi, Khayam, Nezami, Sanaei, Attar, Molavi(Rumi), Saady, and Hafez. In Hafez poem, there are three uniqe aspects: 1.perfect wisdom, 2.full emotions and love-sickness, 3.wonderful diligency. According to these three main elements, the similarities between Hafez poem and counseling concepts in an applied field are interpereted in this article.