فهرست مطالب

مجله آب و فاضلاب
پیاپی 47 (پاییز 1382)

74 صفحه، بهای روی جلد: 5,000ريال
تاریخ انتشار: 1382/08/15
تعداد عناوین: 15

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

Application of Fuzzy Rule in Assessment of Irrigation Systems

Hidarian, A. , Fardad, H. , Monam, M. Lyaghat, A. , Ghaheri, A. , Teshnelab, M. Page 2

The basic concept of this paper is to establish systematization of performance assessment. To improving a methodology for integrated model on performance assessment of irrigation systems is subjected to uncertainty of natural events and vagueness or fuzziness of management characteristics objectives. It is important to consider the objective of irrigation system as a service to be provided for farmers. The main issue of performance assessment is to provide indicators, based on subjective judgments of management environment. Initial indicators and fuzzy rule are defined as a physical and institutional condition of system and inter relation of indicators respectively.In this model level of water users and irrigation water supply agency is distinguished, linguistic-expression indicators are defined, all indicators are fuzzified, Mamdani fuzzy system is implied, these foresaid is enabled the model to assess each fuzziness condition, and assessment of irrigation management transfer and upgrading management. Results indicated that measured performance indicators for a given design or intended value can be subjected to significant rule that could describe the interrelationship between different parameters of performance. The effects of various types of fuzziness and the assessment of irrigation performance for irrigation water delivery are investigated. Management performance measures from water users and irrigation water supply agency judgments in the pilot were 39% and 58% respectively, adequacy indicator from water users and irrigation water supply agency judgments were 38% and 82% respectively, these two measures shows that unfavorites physical and natural condition is not the main problem of the system. But difference between actual water users needs, and unsufficient plan of water delivery, is the main problem of the system.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Measurement of the Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Langroud River

Rostami, Sh., Ghaemi, P Page 12

Due to increasing water withdrawal from Langroud river for industrial and agricultural purposes, the rate of its pollution has been investigated. Samples have been collected from 6 different stations during the four seasons of year and concentration of organic pollutants such as PAHs and pesticides have been measured using an HPLC system. Concentration of metallic elements have also been measured using A.A.S. Physical and chemical parameters such as BOD, COD, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nirtite, Total. hardness, Salinity, Temperature. and pH have been quantitatively analyzed. The measured levels of pollutant concentration during four seasons have been compared.Concentration of PAHs was in the range 0.005-20.28µg/L that exceeds from recommended standard level of 0.002-0.05µg/L. Pesticide is decomposed when exposed to high temperature, or direct sunlight, therefore pesticides concentrations were below HPLC detection limit, and were not substantial. The mean concentrations (mg/L) for elements and ions were found to be: Fe (0.150), Cu(0.004), Mn(0.154), Zn(0.008), Al(0.078), Cd(0.000), K(6.947), Ba(0.151), Sr(1.125), Na(200.00), Cl-(366.00), NO3-(0.973), No2-(0.420), PO43-(0.418). The observed high concentration of salinity and minerals found during summer time in the river is due to the decreased rate of rainfall as well as seawater intrusion.The high levels of BOD (1.1-2mg/L) and COD (5-143.5mg/L) shows that the water is potentially polluted due to high discharge rate of domestic and industrial wastewater.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
The Effect of Temperature on the Decay of Chlorine in Water Distribution Network Using EPANET Qualitative Model

Aliyan, T. , Haghighi, M. Page 21

Water which contains chlorine, can synchronously react with different substances in water and/or attached to pipe wall as it flows through distribution system and its amount decreases in network. Temperature affect this reaction. In this study qualitative model, EPANET, was used to investigate the effect of temperature on the decay of chlorine in distribution network of Baharestan city and to obtain the kinetic coefficients of chlorine decay by water volume pipe wall.The kinetic coefficients of chlorine decay were acquired by measuring the changes of water temperature in two warm and cold seasons (summer and winter) and measuring concentration of chlorine residuals in water distribution network of Baharestan during these two seasons. Reaction coefficients were –0.533d-1 and –0.207d-1 for pipe wall equall of –0.3 and –2 mg/m2.d for summer and winter respectively. Based on these results, chlorine decay in the summer is 2.5times more than of the winter caused by water volume, but because of the new distribution network and pipe materials (PE), in these two seasons were very low and close to zero. Results obtained from the model and those obtained from the field with convergence coefficient of R=0.367 and R=0.971 for summer and winter respectively and accepted based on zero assumption tests at the level of 0.01.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Declining Rates of Khatoonabad's Water Wells, yield in Sarcheshmeh Copper Plant

N. Saghatoleslami , H. R. Bahktiari Page 30

In this work, the parameters affecting the declining rate of Khatoonabad’s water well's production have been examined and some methods for their rehabilitation have been proposed. To fulfill this objective, different kinds of physico-chemical and microbial tests have been conducted on the number 10 and 15 water wells: To interpret the results for step–drawdown test and to estimate of water level and well losses, Jacob’s equation have been utilized.In order to examine the extent of the deposition and corrosion; some samples have been taken from the wells. In addition, to determine the anions and cations concentrations of the water wells quality, temperature and pH have been taken at the sight for tests.In the biological experiments of the well, three samples were taken from the well during the operation. For SRB and coliform tests, MPN methods were adopted and HAB test was estimated from heterotrophic plate method.In the step–drawdown test on the number 15 well, a negative value for the gradient have been obtained, which can be justified from the videometry tests. In addition the results obtained from the chemical water analysis for number 10 well, have a good agreement with the videometry tests. Moreover, the results obtained from the biological experiment for number 15 well have a good agreement with the videometry tests, but the Langelier index does not agree with it.This investigation also revealed that the decline of the capacity of the wells can be resulted from following criteria:-Decline rate of the water level in aquifer-The effect of the recent droughts-Sedimentation of calcium carbonate on the screens In addition, each well was studies for sedimentation and corrosion using the chemical analysis of the water. Finally, some methods have been proposed for the number 10 and 15 Khatoonabad’s water wells

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Survey of dye Removal by Mixed Magnesium Chloride and Alum in Textile Industry wastewater

Bina, B. , Asgari, Gh. Page 39

Textile wastewater is still a problem to handle and solved tactfully. The development of textile industry, on the other hand, brings upon the generation of a huge amount of colored wastewater.In this study, mixtures of alum and MgCl2 have been used as coagulant to remove colored matter. The optimal pH and optimal dosage for those coagulants were detrminated.A six-beaker jar test appartus was used in this study. Each beaker contained 150 ml of dye solution. NaOH was then added to adjust the pH, Then coagulants were added to the beakers. The samples were mixed at 60-65 rpm for 3 minutes. The solution was then allowed to settle and supernatant was taken for analysis. The pH of the solution was measured using Lasco pH meter. The dye concentrations of the supernatant were measured at a wavelength corresponding to maximum absorbance using a Spectrophotometer.Coagulation of 1g/l reactive dye with a mixture of MgCl2 and alum gives two distinct effective color removal zones. At pH 4.5 and 9.5, for each combination treatment, a curve of two maximum zones was obtained, one maximum zone occure at acidic pH rang, another at alkaline pH range. Color removal of more than 97% has been achieved for mixture of MgCl2 and alum with concentration of 4000 ppm (Alum 2g/l and MgCl2 2g/l).The resultes showed that mixtures MgCl2 and alum have a higher efficiency in ellimination of dyes as compare to alum and magnesim chlorid alone. Addition of alum to MgCl2 Changed the optimal cogulation pH range of MgCl2 from 10.5-11 to 9.5. The presence of 2000 ppm of alum in the mixtures increases the color removal from %25 to %55.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
The Effect of Pipe Materials on the Regrowth of Bacteria In Karaj Water Distribution Network

S., Amiri M., Ghanadi S., Naseri Page 45

According to the collected information in 2002, Karaj city with an area of more than 166km2 and consisting of Central Karaj, Rajaeeshahr, Fardis and Mehrshahr has accommodated more than 1150000 population. Nearly 40 percent (407891 people) have just settled in Central Karaj. Water distribution to this population has been served by 49 wells and a water treatment plant with the production capacity of 180 litres per second and using a 25km transmission line and a 567.68km distribution network.In order to determine the effect of different kinds of materials used in Karaj water distribution system on the support of bacteria population growth, sampling strategy were designed to eliminate the effective parameters such as: water organic materials, turbidity, temperature, free residual chlorine in Galvanic, Cast iron ductile, Asbestos and Plyethylene from August 2001 to December 2002. The results showed that although in a uniform condition the amount of regrowth of bacteria in asbestos pipes was a little more than other mentioned materials, but the effect of water distribution system material because of the large amount of free residul chlorine, in 83 percent of the examined samples is not that much sensible and manifest. Howere, the effect of distribution network materials can not be mentioned as one of the effective factor on the regrowth of bacteria in a distribution system containing more than 0.2 mg/l free residal chlorine.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
A Survey of Quality Characteristics of Water Resources Supplying Drinking Water of Mianeh City

Safari, Gh, Vaezi, F. Page 53

Water is one of the most important requirements for sustainable development According to the experts of ministry of energy the undesirable quality of water in some regions and lack of integrated management program on water supply and consumption are substantial reasons of causing water crisis and wrong patterns for water consumption in the country. Water withdrawal has become much more than the trend of water replenishment in many parts of our country and the resulted water shortage has intensified the water crisis in view of poorer water quality. So, meeting the increasing water demand of societies has become an important challenge. For Mianeh city, which is the region studied in this respect, the mentioned problem has been considerable in recent years and this necessitates the continuous monitoring of quality and quantity of water resources in this city.Results of this study which has been conducted in 2002 Apr. to Sept. indicated that the water quality of all existing wells of Mianeh is acceptable for drinking and there is no microbiological pollution. But there are some complaints about the appearance of water resulting mainly from excess hardness of the water. Water is considered to be scale forming according to Langlier index and corrosive according to Lyner index. The overall Quality of water from all wells of Mianeh is in the range of acceptable to well for drinking according to Scholer diagram and the type of water is calcic bicarbonate.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
The Study on the Hydropower Energy Potential of Western Catchment of Urmia Lake

Haghdoust G. N Page 60

Water is one of the main carriers of energy that is the necessary component of development requirement in every society. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydropower potential of the western Watershed of Urmia Lake. The review of research that has been done in the rivers of these Area (Zollachay-Nazlouchay-Shahrchay-Barandozchay-Ghadarchay) showed that total useable water of these rivers are 1250.9 million qubic meter with 365.96 (GWH) of useable energy that could be used to meet 18% of electric power energy needs of west Azarbayjan province.

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian

علمی مصوب

مجله آب و فاضلاب

Journal of Water & Wastewater

دوماهنامه فنی مهندسی

آخرین شماره | آرشیو

ISSN: 1024-5936 eISSN: 2383-0905

صاحب امتیاز:

مهندسین مشاور طرح و تحقیقات آب و فاضلاب

مدیر مسئول:

مهندس عباس پیراینده

سردبیر:

دکتر احمد ابریشم چی

تلفن نشریه: ۰۳۱-۳۲۶۸۲۴۱۲

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فهرست مطالب

مجله آب و فاضلاب پیاپی 47 (پاییز 1382)

مجله آب و فاضلاب

Journal of Water & Wastewater

مجله آب و فاضلاب
پیاپی 47 (پاییز 1382)