فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1391)

The purpose of this study, at first, is to identify the organization's key performance evaluation measures, which are related to each Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives of the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) that are classified by the type of activity and on the basis of the industry groups in 2008. After determination, identified measures are ranked by the participants based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. At last, among the obtained ranks, after applying AHP and before the employment of this technique, a comparison is attempted to investigate the significance of the differences between the two types of ranking.By utilizing interviews and providing questionnaires, data related to 78 companies was collected. Friedman Test and t-test were administered in this study.The measures utilized in this research by companies listed in the TSE, was exerted to evaluate the performance of the organizations and managers, within the four perspectives of the BSC. The hypotheses testing results indicated that there are significant differences between two types of rankings (before and after using AHP) in the organizations.Moreover, it was revealed that almost none of the examined TSE companies did apply the unique measures of the BSC in their performance evaluation process.

This research investigates the relationship between income smoothing and cost of equity. This event study has been done using observations analysis. Cost of equity has been calculated using four models: Gebhardt et al (2001), Claus and Thomas (2001), Gode and Mohanram (2003) and Easton(2004). The sample consists of 87 companies in a 15-year time period from 1996 to 2010 and hypotheses test were run using 8,526 year / company observations. The results show that using Gebhardt et al (2001) and Gode & Mohanram (2003) models for calculating cost of equity, there is a significant and positive relationship between income smoothing and cost of equity.

One of the ways to prevent fraud of management and increase the quality of financial information is the compliance quality characters of financial information, such as characteristic of conservatism. Adopt a conservative approach on the one hand by increasing the quality of financial information, and trading unit risk information, and ultimately reduces the cost of equity, But on the other hand, showing a poor image of the company, the risk of return on capital and at the result, cost of equity capital increases. In response to a question that ultimately conservatism increases costs of equity capital or reduce its, in this study the effect of the types of conservatism (conditional or unconditional) on the cost of equity capital has been studied. For this purpose, information about companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1382 till 1389 has been used. To assess the relationship between conditional and unconditional conservatism with cost of equity capital, respectively, the model of the Basu (1977) and criterion market to book value, by Beaver and Ryan (2005) is used. The results showed that the association between conditional conservatism and cost of equity capital is negative and significant. In other words, if the bad news, more and timely than good news, reflected in accounting profits, cost of equity capital will increase. But there is no clear and significant relation between unconditional conservatism, and equity participation.

The economic development necessitate that accounting system should provide accurate, on-time, and reliable information to all parties involved in the planning, implementation and controlling of development projects. So in developing countries such as Iran, accounting education and its development is part of the infrastructure required for economic development.Past studies shows that Iranian accounting education system suffers from some fundamental deficiencies, and does not identify and educate true talents to create essential expertise for different sectors as expected. To remove such barriers, identification of development barriers will be the first step to be taken.This research, tries to recognize these barriers, and to determine how much important is each of them. At the end, some recommendations have been presented to remove those barriers based on the results. The results show that poor English language ability and IT skills is the most important factor which can be considered as accounting education development barrier in Iran.

Recently, some of the accounting researches in Iran capital market have been devoted to income smoothing, but not so many on relationship with stock value. We mean to evaluate the effect of income smoothing stock return. Therefore, there is a need to measure the expected return, for which we use Fama-French three-factor model in this paper. To estimate the model, we use monthly data from 2006-2010. Also, sample concludes 90 listed companies in TSE. Income smoothing is measured by volatility ratio of operational income to cash flow from operation. Our findings show that income smoothing is another relevant factor in Fama-French three-factor model. In other words, income smoothing is relevant to stock return and the less volatility ratio, the less the expected return of shareholders.

Financial performance has always been considered by researchers. Finding Indexes that proven theoretically and empirically is a great challenge in this area. One of the new models of performance evaluation is “Throughput Accounting” based on the theory of constraints. This theory provides measures aims to generate cash in the present and future with focus on drum (bottleneck) management. There seems non-performing loans to be the major banking system bottleneck that affects banks performance through multiple channels. Due to the different nature of banking operations, it is expected that Throughput Accounting approach can be more efficient to show non-performing loans consequences.This study examines the relationship between performance evaluation criteria based on theory of constraints and the rate of non-performing loans. Other performance evaluation criteria (include traditional, economic and) have been examined to choose the most appropriate repressors. We use several panel regressions for financial data of 19 Iranian banks during 2006 - 2010. Then the explanatory power of alternative models was compared using vuong’s non-nested model selection test. The results show that performance evaluation criteria based on theory of constraints have more explanatory power than other conventional indices in explaining non-performing loans rate. It is recommended to evaluate the performance of Iranian banks based on the rich concepts of Throughput Accounting.

The present study investigates the prediction earning models and compares the models based on absolute forecast errors. For analyzing the data 232 listed firms Tehran stock exchange (TSE) are used during 1380-1387. Comparing the models is done at the level of the all selected firms and at the level of the industries. Using panel data analyses, the results show that disaggregation earning has more ability to predict future earnings than aggregation earning. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between operating cash flows components - cash receipts from customers, cash paid to suppliers and cash paid for operating expenses -and future earnings. It means that these items have ability for predicting future earnings. Also the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between accruals components -accounts receivables, prepayments, inventory, depreciation and amortization, accounts payable advanced receipts, other accounts receivables, other accounts payable and other accruals and future earnings. As a result, these items have ability for predicting future earnings.