مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال دوازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 52، امرداد 1392)

Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Gender is an important covariate for incidence of most cancers. So، epidemiological data on Gender differences related to common cancers provide good evidence in control of cancers. The aim of this study was providing population-based information on the gender differences in incidence rates and epidemiology of esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers in the Fars province.

This study was a secondary data analysis. We studied registered esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers cases in Fars from 2009 to 2010. Direct Annual Age Standardized Incidence Rates (AASIRs) were estimated for men and women. Using STATA software، Females AASIRs and truncated AASIRs at 25 years (TIRR) were compared with males considering age، dominant morphology ratio and tumor grade.

Six hundered fourteen cases were studied. The numbers of registered esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers were 78 (%12. 7)، 254 (%41. 4)، 182 (%29. 6) and 100 (%16. 3)، respectively. Two hundred thirty one (%37. 5) cases were women and 383 (%62. 5) were males. TIRR (female/male) for esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers were 0. 68 (0. 43-1. 07)، 0. 42 (0. 32-0. 54)، 0. 71 (0. 53-0. 96)، 0. 92 (0. 62-1. 36)، respectively. There were significant relationships between age and gender (p=0. 046)، tumor grade (p=0. 050) and morphology (p=0. 004) in case of stomach cancer. For colon cancer age and tumor morphology were significantly related (p=0. 019).

Risk of Stomach and Colon cancers in females were lower than males in Fars Province. Male gender was a risk factor for stomach adenocarcinoma.

Nowadays men hava accepted their role in pregnancy prevention. Some of these methods are non-hormonal. In non-hormonal methods plants are used. Ruta graveolens is one of these plants. This plant grows in Iran and was used as a contraceptive plant in the ancient medicine in both sexes. In this study the effect of aqueous extract of this plant on the time of rat spermatogenesis on testis tissue has been investigated.

In this experimental study 30 rats allocated randomly to three groups (n=10) as control which did not receive anything، vehicle which received only normal saline، and experimental which received ruta extract. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) extract was considered as 620 mg/kg. Based on this، sub LD 50 dose of aqueous extract 300mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every other day for 40 days. A day after last injection the animals were deeply anesthetized and dissected. The right testis were extruded and fixed for histological studies. For statistical analysis ANOVA and Tukey as a post hoc test were used.

Intraperitoneal injection of 300mg/kg Ruta graveolens showed a significant decrease in the number of spermatogonia، primary spermatocyte، spermatid، lydig cell in experimental group as compared to control and vehicle. Also there were a significant increase in thickness of tunica albugina and a decrease in somniferous tubule diameter (p=0. 01).

The aqueous extract of R. G diminishes the reproductive system activity and might be a useful substance for birth control process.

The ultimate goal of educational appraisal is to promote higher education quality. In this regard، internal evaluation is considered as a judgment about the quality and the strengths and weaknesses of the educational system. This study was carried out to assess the internal evaluation of nursing discipline in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. In this cross- sectional study، subjects were 16 academic members، 4 Instructors and 166 Nursing students participated through census method. The data was gathered by self –reporting researcher made questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software. The results showed that the nursing group in «organizational structure and goals،» faculty member «،» learning- teaching process «and» clinical education «were favorable. From nursing students’ perspective domains of» educational programs «،» research- educational «and» laboratory equipments «were partially favorable and in» research activities«was unfavorable. Evaluating groups and disciplines helps illustrate strengths and weaknesses points in higher education. His implementing the approach in all disciplines is recommended.

One of the most important needs of life is sleep. Sleep deprivation and fatigue in the long-term leads to physical and psychological failure. In addition to health problems، work efficiency will also decrease. Due to the threats arising from poor sleep quality; this study was performed to determine the sleep quality and its relation to fatigue severity between night and day workers. This cross-sectional study was performed on 121 workers who were randomly selected from one of the sugar industries. Data were collected using a standard Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)، a Fatigue Severity Scale and demographic questionnaire. The gathered data was analyzed by Pearson، Independent t-test، Mann-Whitney، ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Overall sleep quality of day workers was more desirable than night workers (total score 6. 2±2. 7 vs. 9±4. 5) (p=0. 001). The time required for falling asleep was less (19. 7±13 min vs. 29. 2±17. 8) (p=0. 002) and real sleep duration was more (6±1. 2 hrs vs. 4. 7±1. 8) (p=0. 001) in the day workers. Using sleeping drugs (28. 9% vs. 11. 5%) (p=0. 012) and existance of sleep disorders (53. 8% vs. 13%) (p=0. 001) were more prevalant in the night workers. The increase of fatigue led to worse quality of sleep in the workers (p=0. 001). Results showed that working in uncoordinated hours with circadian rhythm can lead to undesirable sleep quality. Training the workers about the problems arising from lack of sleep and how to compensate sleeplessness in available opportunities is strongly recommended. Also، managers should be instructed to plan the shift work more approrriatly.

Nowadays accountability is a word that should be convert from theoretical to practical. Accountability is a vital issue in educational hospitals. Therefore، this study examined the dimensions of accountability in the educational hospitals of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 580 patients in the second half of 2011 in five large teaching hospital from the East، West، South، Central and North of Iran. The data were collected by reliable and valideted questionnaire with 31 items. Descriptive statistics presented by frequency، percent، means and standard deviation. Relationship between the variables were analyzed by t- test and Pearson correlation.

In this study total number of the subjects were 580 cases that %45. 3 of these were male and the rest were female. Most individuals (44. 3%) were in the age group of 21-29 and 5% were in age group of less than 20 years of old. Pearson correlation test showed positive relationship between all the dimensions. The highest average was related to political dimension (3. 68±0. 77) which was identified as the most significant component and cultural demention with lowest average (2. 22±1. 37) had least effect in improving the accountability. In the view of the staff about accountability، Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah had the highest accountability mean (3. 31±0. 72) and Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran had the lowest accountability mean (2. 53 ±0. 51). Overall، Accountability status of educational hospitals were moderate with mean of 3. 1 ±0. 68.

Research findings showed that the introduced dimensions were effected on accountability. This study suggests the establishment of a unit with the same name and Improve accountability in the educational hospitals by the help of strategic planning according to the local culture and demographic status.

Having a proper citation in a thesis is a vital element in communications in the scientific world. The aim of the present study was to analyze the citations of dentistry students’ theses of Rafsanjan University of Medical sciences (RUMS). In this cross-sectional study all the dentistry students’ theses of RUMS during 1998 to 2012 were analyzed. For carrying out this research a checklist had been applied and for every thesis this checklist was completed by a member of the research team. Deta were analysed by X2 and Fisher Exactly test. From 311 theses under investigation 62. 4% had standard citations. The mean and standard deviation of references were 37. 55 ± 25. 27. The most mean of references was related to English articles while the least mean was related to Persian articles، Persian books and electronic references. The style of writing the references in the dentistry students’ theses was Vancouver style and from the standard point of view they were categorized as average. Conducting educational workshop is suggested in order to achieve a higher standard in citations.

Healthcare organizations including hospitals play critical roles in providing quality care to communities. In doing so, any abuse or neglected behavior by hospital staff will cause irreparable damages to the patients. This study aimd to investigate the employees’ workplace deviant behavior in Imam - Ali Hospital in Zahedan. This study was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Imam-Ali Hospital in Zahedan in 2012. Using random sampling, a sample of 480 employees was selected to participate in this study. The sample included clinical staff, administrative and financial staff as well as auxiliary service staff. A designed, self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data which included 28 questions; reliability and validity was confirmed. For data analysis was used of descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as one-way ANOVA, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. A total of 480 questionnaires was distributed and 342 questionnaires were returned for analysis. Almost 71% of the respondents were female. The mean score of staff workplace deviation was 36.5, which is considerably lower than the mean value (70). Nurses and administrative staff had the highest and the lowest scores of workplace deviance, respectively. There were significant relationships between staff deviant behavior and their educational level, income level and job. The frequency of employees’ deviant behavior in the study hospital was lower than the mean value, which is explained by healthy behavior of staff in this hospital. Running training courses are recommended to minimize the destructive behavior of staffs at hospitals.

Determining the cause of thermal injuries is one of the first and foremost questions in forensic medicine. The morphology of cutaneous burns is preserved so the thermic injuries can tell a history for reconstruction of the events. We studied the skin burning patterns in explosions. This is a cross- sectional study that a total of 339 burnt patients hospitalized in the Motahari hospital، Tehran in 2011 were investigated. Results were presented as descriptive statistics (total، percentage، mean and standard deviation). In explosions، during a reflex action the victims close their eyes and contract their face and neck so، a dark coloration from soot and dirt tattooing were frequently presented but the skin wrinkles of face، eyes corners and neck were spared. With t his pattern in burn patients، with high confidence can realize the gas explosion or flammable vapors is the cause of burning. In evaluation of burned bodies، this pattern can prove the person was alive during the incident in addition to determining the cause of burn.