نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 76، امرداد 1392)

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common diagnosis in children which affects the lives of patients and their families. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adenoidectomy with adenotonsillectomy surgery in symptom’s changes in chronic rhinosinusitis in children less than 14 years of age. In the present clinical trial، 60 patients less than 14 years of age with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis resistance to antibiotic were randomly divided into two identical groups. In one group، adenoidectomy، and on the other group، adenotonsillectomy was performed. Prior to surgery and one month after surgery، symptoms of rhinosinusitis were graded based on the visual analogue scale. After surgery the Waters X-ray was taken. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. In both groups، VAS changes in symptoms، headache، cough، postnasal discharge، bad breath، rhinorrhea، and nasal obstruction were significant before and after surgery (p. >0. 5). Also the mean change in VAS before and after surgery in adenotonsillectomy adenoidectomy was significant (p. >0. 5). In this study، reduction of clinical signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis after adenoidectomy surgery was 100%، but the improvement of Waters X-ray findings was 53%. Reduction of signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis after adenotonsillectomy surgery was 100%، but recovery process of waters radiographic of rhinosinusitis findings was 80%. Adenotonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery were effective in improving of the process of sign and symptoms and radiologic findings in children with chronic rhinosinusitis; moreover; adenotonsillectomy surgery was more effective in improving symptoms and waters radiological findings.

Due to the increasing interest in studying the plant extracts in various fields of biology، the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract interaction and adrenergic system on the mechanical activity of the a rat’s isolated trachea. In this experimental study، 15 adult male rats were anesthetized after adaptation to environment. Afterwards، the trachea was removed and divided into 3 mm segments. The isolated tracheal rings of each mouse were divided into control and experimental groups. Next، they were put in tissue baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution، and their mechanical activity were recorded by the transducer and bridge amplifier system. In the experimental group، hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (0. 5 mg/ ml) was added to the tissue bath. In the same conditions، the solvent extract was added to the control group. At the end، the mechanical response of each group in the presence of propranolol and isoprenaline as agonist and antagonist adrenergic system were recorded. The gathered data were analyzed by the paired t-test. In the presence of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger، the mechanical activity of isolated trachea was significantly decreased compared to the controls (p < 0. 05). However، after injection of isoprenaline and propranolol، a significant difference in the mechanical activity of the trachea was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 05). This study showed that the ginger has effects on isolated tracheal relaxation via other routes، except the adrenergic system.

Diabetes can affect the spinal cord، an important part of the central nervous system. Fenugreek seed has been suggested to have potential antidiabetic effects. This study was conducted to assess the effects of Fenugreek seed extract (trigonella foenum-graecum) on fetal spinal cord structure، specifically in the brachial enlargement cord in an 18-day old fetus of diabetic mothers treated with extracts in comparison with the control groups'' mothers. In the present cross-sectional study، sixteen healthy female rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Healthy control، Diabetes control، Fenugreek control، Fenugreek treatment. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotcin (50 mg/kg). All four groups became pregnant by natural mating. After formation of the nervous system، two fetuses from each group were expelled by cesarean after performing anesthesia on the animals on 18th day of pregnancy; furthermore their brachial enlargement spinal cord samples were taken. Finally، the tissue sections were prepared by routine procedures and diverse histological parameters were examined. The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. results showed that fetal body weight on the diabetic control group was significantly higher compared to the other groups (P≤ 0/05). Moreover، significant reductions in the transvers and vertical diameters in central channel of the spinal cord and as well in the number of neurons of the spinal cord gray matter in the diabetic control groups in comparison with the other groups were observed (P≤0/05). The hyperglycemic effect of maternal diabetes during fetal period causes abnormalities، especially in the brachial enlargement of spinal cord، including changes in the spinal cord and neurons number in the gray matter. Disorders occurring in the prenatal remains and may perhaps cause lack of ability to perform certain physical activities.

According to the proven effectiveness of saffron resistance and physical activity on diabetes، the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycemic indexes of saffron combined with resistance training on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The present experimental study was conducted on 36 adult male rats. After induction of diabetes، the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups، resistance exercise (five days a week، for six days) and saffron extract (25 mg/L daily)، resistance exercise combined with saffron extract and control groups. After a period of six weeks، glycemic indexes were measured. The gathered data were analyzed by klomogrov – Smirnov، one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results showed that fasting glucose in saffron aqua extract combined with resistance training group was significantly lower than both control and the RT groups (p=0،014). Glycosylated hemoglobin group of saffron combined with resistance training was lower than the control group (p=0. 011). Insulin resistance combined with resistance training in saffron aqua extract was lower than the control group (p=0. 011). Six weeks of resistance training and consumption of saffron alone had a significant effect on glycemic indexes. However، saffron supplements with resistance training had a greater effect on control of fasting blood glucose.

Significant attention is paid towards Work-related fatigue for its adverse health effects. The Checklist for Individual Strength (CIS) is an instrument for measuring fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Persian version of an Iranian working population in the checklist individual strength. In this cross-sectional study، in order to determine the linguistic validity، the CIS was translated into Persian. The Farsi version was translated into English by another professional translator. Farsi to English translation of the original English version was sent to the author for comparison. After comparison and verification by the author، the final version of the P-CIS was prepared in a pilot study to assess the strength of understanding. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the P-CIS، 200 people working in a cosmetics factory along with office employees at Yasuj health centers were studied. To assess reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire، Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was used. Using the Spearman correlation coefficient، convergent validity was examined. Validity was assessed through factor analysis. The Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of reliability of the total questionnaire، mental fatigue، reducing activity، reducing of the concentration، and reduction of motivation were 0. 86، 0. 83، 0. 72، 0. 59، and 0. 37 respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients were obtained for the validity range of 0. 43-0. 88. Based on the weight factor obtained in the aspect of mental fatigue and reduced activity of the P-CIS showed acceptable validity The P-CIS had satisfactory linguistic validity and psychometric properties for measuring fatigue in the Iranian working population.

Infection with resistant microorganisms in intensive care units (ICUs) is more prevalent than other parts of the hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the daily dose of the antibiotic resistance and patterns of microorganisms isolated from patients with nosocomial infections. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a period of 9 months in three wards of ICU، internal medicine، neurosurgery of Namazi Hospital of Shiraz. The World Health Organization definition was used for determining the daily Dose. The sensitivity test of microorganisms to antibiotics was determined by E-test. The collected data were analyzed with Pearson test. The highest incidences of nosocomial infection were observed in intensive care medicine and surgery، respectively. The total amount of consumed antibiotics were seen in intensive care of surgery، internal medicine and neurosurgery were 100. 29 DDD/100 bed days. Uses of cephalosporins، especially third generation cephalosporins show the highest amount. The resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter، Pseudomonas and Enterobacter to ceftriaxone were100، 100 and 82. 4% respectively. The results of study showed that there was a relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance of microorganisms. Although other variables than the antibiotic consumption causing antibiotic resistance should not be ignored.

Urinary stone is one of the important causes of morbidity among children. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors of Pediatric Urolithiasis in Children under the age of 14. In this case-control study، among children under 14 years of age referring to the Shahid Beheshti Clinic of Yasuj with the diagnosis of urolithiasis confirmed twice by ultrasound، 48 children were selected as eligible cases for the questionnaire containing demographic information، the location، and size of the stone were completed. Of 48 healthy children younger than 14 years referring to the clinic for evaluation of growth and health were selected as the control group. Affecting parameters of serum and urinary stone formation in both groups were controlled. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical mean tests، chi-square and t-tests. In 70. 8% of the group case، children had a positive family history of urolithiasis. Hypercalciuria، Hyperoxaluria، hyperuricosuria، and Hypocitraturia were found 35. 4%، 17. 8%، 13. 6%، and 13. 6% in group case respectively. Mean urinary calcium level of the case group was 0. 47 and in controls، 0. 24. The mean urinary uric acid level of the case group was 0. 91 and for the control was 0. 54 (05/0> p). In 58. 3% of the cases، a single kidney stone was seen and in 95. 8% of the cases، the size of 4 mm or less were observed. The most common symptoms of urolithiasis (58. 1%) at admission were restlessness and irritation during urination. According to the results of study، Hypercalciuria، Hyperoxaluria، Hyperuricosuria and positive family history are the major cases of urinary stones in children which are often individual with the size of 4 mm.

Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection among humans and animals، with worldwide prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in midwifery and nursing students. In the present cross-sectional study conducted in 2011، 240 students were randomly selected. Then، 5 ml of blood sample was collected from each student. After centrifugation، the blood serum were detected and tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed by chi-square test. The frequency of anti- Toxoplasma (IgG، IgM) antibodies in all students were 11. 67% and 12. 08% respectively. This frequency for midwifery students were 11. 67% and 10. 84، and in nursing students were 11. 67% and 13. 33% respectively. Seven cases (2. 92%) were positive for both IgG and IgM and 2 cases were positive for IgG، and IgM was on the borderline. Between positive antibodies and factors such as drinking water، consumption of meat products، vegetables and cats holding no significant association was seen (p <0. 05) The results of this study indicated that 78. 92% of the students were sero- negative and at high risk of infection. Due to the age of these students، they should be instructed to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.