Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:18 Issue: 2, 2013

Review articles are more considered because of special target groups، more citations and cheaper to do. This article is reviewing current evidence by choosing relevant ones through a narrative review article. It is going to provide an appropriate model and promotes the quality of review articles by focusing on the principles of writing them and also the common mistakes in this era.

Vitamin D has been shown to play a role in the development and preservation of muscle mass and function، which may enhance the benefits of training. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition in sedentary postmenopausal women. In this experimental study with pretest – posttest design، 45 elderly women (aged 56. 7±3. 4 y) were randomly assigned to resistance training only (RG)، vitamin D supplementation (50000IU/w) plus resistance training (VR) or non-exercising control (CG) groups. Resistance training program was performed 50-60 min/d، 3 d/w، for 2 months. The non-exercise control group was asked to maintain their usual physical activities during the 2-month study period. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and 25-hydroxyvitamin D، body composition and muscle function were assessed before and after the training period. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels significantly (p<0. 05). Resistance training caused significant increase in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I، muscle mass and muscle strength (p<0. 05). Vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with resistance training led to greater increases in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I، muscle mass and muscle strength (p<0. 05). These results suggest that resistance training is safe and effective for increasing muscle mass and strength in older adults and that a combination of vitamin D can enhance some of the beneficial effects of training over a two-month period.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with innate resistance to many antibiotics and disinfectants that cause severe، acute and chronic nosocomial infections in immunocompromised، catheterized or burn patients. MBP-1 is a plant antimicrobial peptide that has showed antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and filamentous fungi. The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles against a range of microorganisms have also been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effect of MBP-1 and silver nanoparticles combination against skin infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MBP_1، silver nanoparticles and their combination was measured based on the microdilution and macrodilution susceptibility test. The synergistic effect of MBP-1 and silver nanoparticles combination was investigated using 12 mice with induced bacterial skin infection using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles for P. aeruginosa were 3. 12 and 6. 25 ppm، respectively. The MIC and MBC of plant peptide MBP-1 were 500 and 600 µg/ml، respectively. MIC and MBC of MBP-1 and silver nanoparticles combination on P. aeruginosa were 400 µg/ml، 1. 56 ppm and 500 µg/ml، 3. 125 ppm، respectively. Therefore، antimicrobial effect of MBP-1، silver nanoparticles and their combination against skin infections due to P. aeruginosa was approved in mouse model. The results showed that MBP_1 and silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa and their combination has synergistic effect to heal skin infection caused by P. aeruginosa in mouse model.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a suitable model for MS disease. In this study we hypothesized that honey bee venom (BV) has a potential role for the treatment of EAE by decreasing IL6 level. Female Lewis rats were immunized with emulsion of guinea pig spinal cord and complete Freund’s adjuvant. EAE sign developed 9 days after immunization. Experimental rats were divided into 4 groups including; Control group، EAE induced rats treated by 1mg/kg of BV، EAE induced rats treated by 2mg/kg of HBV and sham group. Clinical signs of EAE were recorded daily and serum cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Brain samples were processed for paraffin sections and then used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and histopathological examination. Significance in comparing multiple means was tested with one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that treatment with BV reduces the penetration of inflammatory cells in the brain of EAE rats. Results of ELISA test showed that treatment with BV in experimental groups caused decreasing IL6 (101-80 pg/ml) compared to the sham group (201pg/ml). ‍ Based on the results، we showed that BV can block IL6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. EAE rats which were treated by BV showed a decrease in the symptoms of disorder. Therefore، anti inflammatory effects of BV on cytokines levels may modulate MS sings and then it can be used for MS treatment in future.

Due to the high incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and known side effects of its treatment and various effects of two types of surfactant (survanta and curosurf) this study was conducted in 1390 to compare the effect of these drugs in neonates with RDS. This historical cohort study was done on 116 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in Shohada Hospital. Babies with heart abnormalities and other fatal anomalies were excluded. 54 infants were treated with intratracheal Svrvanta and 62 in the control group were treated with intratracheal curosurf. The two groups were compared in terms of birth weight and gestational age، treatment outcomes، mortality، pneumothorax، pulmonary hemorrhage، ventilator-associated pneumonia، intraventricular hemorrhage، and patent ductus arteriosus using Fisher tests and clinical judgment. Gender، gestational age، birth weight، prenatal corticosteroids، mode of delivery and Apgar score at one minute was not significantly different between the two groups. Mortality in the control group (Svrvanta) was 15%، and in cases (curosurf) was 14. 5% (p= 0. 849). 14. 5% of Corusurf and 20. 4% of Survanta group had received more than one dose of surfactant (p= 0. 405). Statistically significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax، pulmonary hemorrhage، ventilator-associated pneumonia، patent ductus arteriosus، intraventricular hemorrhage، and duration of mechanical ventilation was not seen among the two groups. ‍ It seems that two types of surfactant have similar effects in prognosis of respiratory distress syndrome. However more researches are needed due to high incidence of RDS in preterm infants and need to appropriate treatment.

Offering health care by hospitals in critical situations is of great importance. Although after a disaster hospitals may be destroyed as well، many people go to the nearest hospital to get emergency medical services. Thus، hospital safety is an important issue for promotion of patient safety in the communities. Hence، in this study، hospital safety in some hospitals in Tehran in 2012 was evaluated. This cross-sectional study was performed in Imam-Hossein، Taleghani، Modarres، Shohada، and Loghman Hospitals. The questionnaire was Hospital Safety Index (HIS) that includes five subscales and 145 indices for evaluation of hospital safety. In this study، Modarres hospital had the lowest scores in all categories. The highest functional and non-structural scores were related to Imam-Hossein Hospital and the structural scores were higher in Taleghani Hospital. Also Shohada and Loghman Hospitals were in medium level. ‍ According to the obtained results، it may be concluded that hospital safety was in medium level in majority of hospitals in Tehran. Although the situation is not critical، the programming and prompt functioning would be required to improve hospital safety.

Cognitive flexibility is an important variable which is associated with mental health problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate correlations between cognitive flexibility، depression، coping styles، and resilience and determine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility according to the correlations of coping styles and resilience with depression. Two hundred and seventy-seven university students from Shiraz University participated in the present study via cluster sampling method during the fall semester of the 2010- 2011 academic year. The participants completed the instruments of Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI)، Beck Depression Inventory- Second Edition (BDI- II)، Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD- RISC) and Billings and Moos Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). To analyze the data، SPSS software was used and the statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient، simultaneous multiple regression analysis and path analysis were conducted. The results showed that cognitive flexibility and its subscales correlated negatively and significantly with depression and positively and significantly with resilience (P< 0. 001). In addition، cognitive flexibility and its subscales correlated positively with the CSQ subscales of Problem Solving and Cognitive Evaluation and negatively with the CSQ subscales of Emotional Control and Physical Control (P< 0. 001). Regression analyses indicated that cognitive flexibility subscales predicted coping، resilience and depression. The results from path analyses suggested that resilience، physical control and cognitive flexibility had direct effects on depression. However، physical control and resilience had indirect effects on depression. ‍ Cognitive flexibility has correlations with depression، resilience and coping styles. This variable has a mediating role in the correlations of coping styles and resilience with depression. It is recommended that psychological interventions especially cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) are used in order to increase cognitive flexibility and decrease depression among university students.

Hand injuries are common skeleton trauma and account for 28% of musculoskeletal Injuries. They may cause life-long disabilities. The type of injury and treatment approach both have a big impact on the final disability. A study on causes and patterns of injury can guide to plan proper preventive measures. The aim of this study is to review the epidemiology of upper extremity injuries in Tehran 15th Khordad hospital. In a cross-sectional study، from 2010 to 2012، 4729 patients with hand injuries were included in the study. The data were collected by a checklist including: time and type of incident، location and cause of the injury. SPSS software was used to do the statistical analysis using Chi-square test. 4729 patients (4210 male، 519 female) with hand injury were visited; their mean age was 24. 3 years. The patients were mostly injured by glass cuts (63. 03%). The accidents mostly happened in night time. In Industrial hand injuries، 77. 11% did not have necessary training. Hand injuries are seen more commonly in men. Injuries by glass cuts are the most common injuries (63. 03%) and industrial injuries were seen in 25. 96%. In this Industrial hand injuries، 77. 11% did not have necessary training about working with instruments.