فصلنامه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی زابل
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1391)

Bacterial infections continue to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries especially in developing countries. The use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibiotics is a promising approach for enhancement of therapeutic effect of the antibiotics on infecteous wounds and foci. The aim of this study was to bind gentamicin to biogenic gold nanoparticles to evaluate antimicrobial effect of the new nanodrug against Staphylococcus aureus. In the present study، gold nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The production of gold nanoparticles was characterized by observing the color changing of the reaction mixrure، UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of gold nanoparticles was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The biogenic gold nanoparticles were conjugated with gentamicin (1mg/ml concentration). Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the conjugate and gentamicin was investigated by liquid broth dilution method. The results showed that gold nanoparticles have been produced extracellular in spherical shape and in the size range of 200-250 nm. The concentration of biogenic gold nanoparticles was determined 2. 63 mg/l. It was also found that، based on the liquid broth dilution test. MIC of the conjugate and free gentamicin were 0. 015 and 0. 0312 mg/ml، respectively and MBC of the conjugate and free gentamicin were 0. 312 and 0. 0625 mg/ml، respectively that showed the enhancement of antibacterial effect of the conjugate in comparison with free gentamicin. This study elucidated that conjugation of biogenic gold nanoparticles with gentamicin enhances the antibacterial effect of gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus.

Infectious diseases caused by gram- positive bacteria، drug resistant Staphyloccocus aureus strains which often originate from hospitals environment، are increasing in many countries of، worldwide. Because of that، lots of efforts have been done to find new compounds as suitable superseded instead of antibiotics. In this research، antibacterial effect of plant ethylic essential oil and extract of Myrtus communis against several clinical antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureous were investigated. Plant extraction and essential oil extraction from M. comminus species were performed using Rotary and Clevenger apparatus، respectively. Sampling was carried out from nose and throat area of patients. Seventeen strains of S. aureous were isolated and after that purified. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of plant extract as well as essential oil from M. comminus on bacteria were determined using micro dilution broth method at six different concentrations. Sensitivity of strains against some antibiotics was investigated using standard disc''s diffusion Corbei-baer method. The results indicated that plant''s essential oil and plant''s extract have a significant effect on concentration of 5 mg/ml whereas 10 mg/Kg was belonging to high Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) for both treatments. The Assessment of antibacterial effects of some antibiotics showed that the majority of strains have similar sensitivities. But Penicillin and Cefexime showed the least antibiotic effect. All strains showed resistant reaction to Vancomycin. Plant''s extract and essential oil from Myrtus communi have antibacterial effects on S. aureus strains at high concentration; such compounds can be used in medical treatments.

There are reports about variations of arteries supply blood to the stomach، but there have been few articles published in the field till now. Coeliac trunk anterior branch of the abdominal aorta، is divided into three branches: the left gastric، common hepatic and splenic arteries. Left gastric artery is the smallest branch of Celiac trunk and it rises behind the lesser peritoneal cavity to reach end of the cardiac stomach. The artery injects blood into this region، in both surfaces of the stomach. Right gastric artery is a small branch around the common hepatic artery and is separated from the Gostroduodenal. This artery passes along with lesser curvature of the stomach، act as a anastomosis to the left gastric artery. Case report: In description of the body of a man about 45 years old with routine (Grant’s dissection) method، Observed which was not the right gastric artery and the left gastric artery has spread into the right side to pyloric region and feed regions related to the right gastric artery. No other arteries were found on the right side and 1/3 the stomach lesser bend. Discussion and This report is important because it is very rare and it is about the occurrence of this variation which has not been reported in any articles، to date; On the other hand، understanding these vascular variations، especially for Actions surgery and diagnostic and other procedures abdominal vessels is Indispensable.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder leads to high level of disability in patients. The present study Compared efficacy of metacognitive therapy with cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of gene-ralized anxiety disorder. This research is based on Multiple-base-line experimental single case studies. Six subjects were selected by sampling based on target and divided randomly in two three-member experiment (MCT) and control (CBT) groups. Subjects were analyzed for two months. The data were collected using Trait An-xiety Inventory (STAI) and anxious touts inventory (AnTI) and subjective unit distress (SUD)، in pre-treatment (base line)، during treatment (four)، post treatment (eight) and follow up (two mounts after the treatment). They were analyzed by descriptive statistics (such as mean،median،…) and demonstrated in some charts. in MCT group there were healings for STAI scale up to 54%، AnTI up to 55% and SUD up to 89%. While in control group، they were 33% for STAI، 37% for AnTI and 56% r SUD، respectively. Metacognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy were both effective in decreasing generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. However، findings showed the superiority of metacognitive ther-apy over cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.

Arsenic has been considered as one of the most hazardous elements for the living organisms and its presence in natural waters، can result in serious health and environmental problems. In this study، Moringa peregrina seed extract''s ability to remove arsenate from aqueous solutions، in a batch system was investigated. This study is an experimental study which was performed in a batch reactor. The effects of major operating variables such as coagulant dose (0. 1–5 ml L-1) and pH (2-11) were investigated. The optimum pH for arsenic removal by coagulation using Moringa peregrina seed extract was 6 and the highest removal was found to be 94. 61%، 92. 03% and 93. 98% at initial As (v) concentration 100، 200 and 500 µg L-1، respectively، as a result of precipitation، co-precipitation and adsorption mechanisms. According to the results، it was defined that Moringa peregrina seed extract not only was an inexpensive coagulant، but also it is a quite effective factor in removal of As (V) from aqueous environments.

Background and objects: Association between Basic Sciences subjects and clinical issues is an important problem in medical education; and since students'' ideas can be helpful، the opinions of medical stagers and interns in Zahedan University of Medical sciences were investigated. The present descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted with participation of all medical stagers and interns in the University. To do so، two questionnaires were developed based on the syllabus of Anatomy and Physiology subjects and administered to students. The data were then carefully analyzed. The association between Anatomy and Physiology subjects and clinical practice was considered «much»; also there was a significant difference between opinions of interns and those of stagers. Discussion and A revision of medical basic sciences subjects seems necessary for an integrative education، so that the focus should be shifted from details to more general and practical materials.

Introduction and The communication of nurses are the essential factor in hospitals، because quality and how this communication affects the performance and outcomes of mental situations of nurses. One of the most important factors influencing on the styles of communication is psychological contracts based on social exchange theory. Among most important outcoms of mental situations self-esteem، burnout and mental health can be named. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence styles of communication on psychological contracts and outcoms of mental of nurses and offering of the model. The study used a survey research strategy. The population of this study consisted of the nurses of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad. 175 participants were selected as the population. Data of study were obtained through questionnaires of communication styles، psychological contract، self-esteem، burnout. Validity of tools with help of factor analysis and reliability of them with the help of Cronbach''s alpha was confirmed. Analysis software was smart pls. Results of research indicated that communication styles with regression coefficients of 0/552، 0/195، 0/204 and 0/211 respectively on psychological contract، self-esteem، Mental health and burnout and also psychological contract with regression coefficients of 0/455، 0/397 and 0/346 has a significant effect on self-esteem، mental health and burnout for nurses. Also the role of mediate psychological contract between communication styles and outcomes of self-esteem and mental health of nurses with the larger indirect effect of the effect was confirmed. The appropriate performance of communication styles can improve outcomes of mental situations of nurses through psychological contract. Therefore، correct implementation of communication، the improvement of self-esteem and mental health and the attenuation of burnout of nurses are resulted. The improvement in the health of patients is gained consequently.