مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 79، فروردین 1393)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the common gastrointestinal tract diseases. Association between H. pylori infection and GERD is a matter of debate and some studies reported inverse relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and erosive GERD in patients who referred to teaching hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences، Babol، Northern Iran A total of 911 patients with GERD، including 485 men and 426 women، were enrolled in this Cross Sectional study، underwent endoscopy and then two biopsies were taken from gastric body and antrum to evaluate gastritis and H. pylori infection. All patients were assigned in two groups، patients with erosive GERD (Erosive Reflux Disease، EGERD: 574) and patients with nonerosive GERD (Nonerosive Reflux Disease، NERD: 346). Other variables (age، gender، smoking، opium، BMI، hiatal hernia، duodenal ulcer، gastritis، esophagitis and its severity) in these two groups compared. In this study 911 patients (mean age 45. 7±16. 2 years) were evaluated. No statistically significant association between gastric H. pylori infection and EGERD was found. Although، there was significant association between age more than 50، male gender، duodenal ulcer، hiatal hernia and severe gastritis with EGERD، however، this association was not found between smoking، opium and BMI with EGERD. In this study no association between H. pylori infection and EGERD was found. Further study is required to show the impact of H. pylori eradication in patients with GERD.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem that can be potential toxicity effects on the nervous system in infants، especially on the hearing ways. Regarding to hearing impairment leaves so negative effects on speech، language and cognitive development. The aim of this study was the assessment of the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss among icteric infants admitted to the hospitals of Gorgan، Iran in 2012.

In this longitudinal study، 223 infants were recruited by convenience sampling، that OAE screenings at the birth time was normal. Using Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) was performed for infants at the hospitalization and they were assessed after discharge، and with Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) were confirmed.

The mean age of the infants on admission was 3. 84±4. 58 days and 55. 6% of them were female. The mean birth weight was 3431±218 grams and the mean gestational age was 39±1. 3 weeks. Serum total bilirubin levels in 61. 4% of infants were between 12-20 mg/dL and of 38. 6% were higher than 20 mg/dL. 13. 0% received conventional phototherapy، 72. 6% intensive phototherapy and 14. 3% of patients had exchange transfusions. Totally، 8 (3. 6%) of infants in admission had disturbance waves in AABR. Subsequent studies have shown improvement in 7 patients، but one patient problem still remains، and from other patients with normal admitted AABR in following 6 infants was impaired in ABR. Finally، 7 (3. 1%) of hearing loss were remains. There was a statistically significant difference between the hearing loss، serum total bilirubin level and total AABR impairment result on admission and final result (p<0. 05)، but there was no significant difference with variable of gender and kind of delivery (p<0. 05).

This study indicated that hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal period can cause sensorineural hearing loss. Hence، regular screening in icteric newborns seems to be necessary.

Nuclear medicine is one of the most important diagnostic modalities. The aim of present study was to estimate annual per capita effective dose in most common procedures performed in nuclear medicine centers in Iran in order to provide data for risk estimation due to exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine. Corresponding data of patients underwent 5 main kinds of nuclear medicine exams in 10 major hospitals in Iran in six year period were used to estimate effective dose and also population dose due to exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine. Based on the data of this study، the mean effective population dose per caput was 7. 53 micro Sv per year. The mean effective population dose per caput per year is smaller than other countries and generally is similar to average background radiation in the world.

Adolescent obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with adulthood type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD. The aim of this study was to compare body fat percent (BFP) and anthropometric indices for identification of MetS and its components in Tehranian adolescents aged 10-18 years old. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 adolescents from Medical Health Centers of Tehran، Iran. Blood pressure، biochemical measurements including triglycerides (TGs)، fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)، BFP، and anthropometrics indices including height، weight، waist circumference (WC)، body mass index (BMI)، and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. The mean ± SD was 14. 5±2. 3 and 13. 0±2. 9، (p=0. 001) and the prevalence of MetS was %32. 3 and %6. 5، (p=0. 001) in boys and girls، respectively. The highest odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for MetS and hypertriglyceridemia after adjusting sex and physical activity were for WC، 6. 27 (2. 63-14. 94; p<0. 05) and 3. 14 (1. 87-5. 27; p<0. 05)، respectively، and for low HDL-C and hypertension were for BMI، 2. 91 (1. 73-4. 90; p<0. 05) and 2. 26 (1. 27-4. 02; p=0. 05)، respectively. Regarding area under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve، WC had the highest for MetS (AUC=0. 89) and hypertriglyceridemia (AUC=0. 88); BMI had the highest for hypertension (AUC=0. 78)، and WC and BMI were both had the highest for low HDL-C (AUC=0. 78). It seems that both WC and BMI are appropriate indices to identify the risk of MetS and its components in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old.

Recently، one of the important titles in dentistry is usage of nanoparticles in improvement of antibacterial properties of resin composites. There are many interesting findings about the decrease in bacterial growth adding nanoparticles to resin composite. Since there are many interests to Nano Zinc Oxide as an antibacterial agent، in this study، we evaluated antibacterial effect of zinc oxide against streptococcus mutans. In this in-vitro study، 30 samples in 2 microbiological test majors were evaluated (disc diffusion test and direct contact test). There were 5 groups of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) (Fuji II LC) containing different weight percent of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (0%، 1%، 2%، 3% and 5%، respectively) and there were 3 samples in each group. These particles were mixed with RMGI powder by mortar and pestle in 20 minute after nanoparticles weighting by digital balance. For disc diffusion test، 15 discs of experimental GI were cured in 2mm × 8mm plastic mold and their anti-streptococcus mutants effects were evaluated in agar culture. Antibacterial effects of 15 micro-tubes containing different groups of RMGI were evaluated in direct contact test. In disc diffusion test there was significant increasing in non-growth halo of bacteria around the discs by increasing in nanoparticles percentage. In direct contact test there was no significant difference between 1، 2، and 3 weight percent groups but there was a significant difference between specimens containing 5 weight percent in comparison with control group. The results of this study showed a considerable decrease in bacterial growth with Nano ZnO weight percent increase.

Celery (Apium graveolens)، in traditional medicine is known as appetite and libido stimulant، and also there has been referred to its effect on miscarriage and catamenia. This plant with known plant compounds could be an option for fertility control. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of celery on male rats in fertility control and sex ratio of rat offspring. In this experimental study، 20 male rats were divided randomly into 4 groups، 5 in each group. Control group received no treatment; Sham group received 1 ml normal saline and the treatment groups 1 and 2 received hydro-alcoholic extract of celery in doses of 100 and 200 mg/Kg/BW respectively for 5 weeks. After mating each male rat with two female rats، the number of delivered mice and the number of offspring and their sex were recorded and compared 30 days after the birth. There was no significance difference between the experimental and control group (p>0. 05). The result showed a significant decrease in the number of offspring in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (4. 25±0. 25 and 4. 50±0. 32 respectively) compared to the control group (7. 11±0. 26)، also a significant increase in the sex ratio in dose of 100 mg/kg (2. 93±0. 30) compared to the control group (0. 98±0. 11) was observed (p<0. 05). It seems that consumption of celery in male decreases the number of offspring and increases the male genesis; because it does not affect on childbirth. It may be useful safely in pregnancy controlling.

The anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with the wide side effect. The herbal medicine has fewer side effects. Numerous references to anti-inflammatory effects of Linum usitatissimum L. have been noted in our traditional medicine. In the present study، anti-inflammatory effects of flaxseed extract has been studied and with anti-inflammatory effects of sodium salicylate was compared. In this experimental study 90 male albino rats (weighing 200? 300 gr) were used. Animals were randomly divided into 15 groups (n=6): positive control (sodium salicylate 200 mg/kg i. p.)، negative control (DMSO 10%، 10 ml/kg i. p.) and treatment groups received extract (100، 200،400 mg/kg i. p.) in a similar volume. Flaxseed hydroalcholic extract was prepared by maceration. Half an hour after، inflammation was induced by injection (s. c.) 0. 1 ml Carrageenan (1% w/v in saline solution) into the hind paw or 0. 03 ml xylene behind the ear and or 1 ml ovalbumin (2%) into the hind paw. The paw volume was measured with plethysmometer in 1، 2، and 3 h after the carrageenan (or ovalbumin) injection. In xylene test، 0. 03 ml of xylene was injected to the posterior surfaces of the right ear and the weight of two ears after 2 h was also compared. The results showed that all doses of Flaxseed hydroalcoholic extract in dose-dependent manner significantly reduced inflammation in both acute and chronic phases in compared with the negative control group (p<0. 05، p<0. 01). The extract (400 mg/kg) reduced inflammation in Carrageenan test 56%، the albumin 69%، and xylene 60% when compared with anti-inflammatory effects of sodium Salyslat (50%). The results of this study showed that flaxseed extract has significant anti-inflammatory effects but to understand the possible mechanism of this effect، additional research is needed.

Origanum Vulgare contains chemical materials، that has anticonvulsant، antifungal، antioxidant، anti-inflammatory، anti-infection and antidiabetic properties، it stimulates central nervous system and production of testosterone hydroxylase. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal injection of extracts of Origanum Vulgare on gonadotropin and testosterone hormones in male rats. In this experimental study، 60 male Wistar rats with weight approximately 190-120 g، in six groups of 10 animals were studied for 28 days. Groups were included control، positive control (SH) groups receiving 100، 200، 300 and 400 mg/kg extract of Origanum Vulgare intraperitoneally. After the last dose، blood samples were taken from all groups and testes were removed from body. Levels of testosterone، LH and FSH were measured and after weighing، histological investigation of the testis was performed and groups were compared together. The results of this study showed no significant difference in testes and body weight. Also the FSH hormone levels did not show significant differences. While hormone levels of LH and testosterone in the group receiving 400 mg/kg OriganumVulgare extract was 52. 75 mU/ml and 8. 36 ng/ml. Overall، the group receiving 400 mg/kg ethanol extracts of wild Origanum Vulgare had significant difference with control group and other investigated groups in terms of levels of LH and testosterone hormone (p<0. 05). Origanum Vulgare extract can increase testosterone and impact on the concentrations of LH in male rats. Thereby increasing the sperm density causes increase in fertility rate.

The patients need to be relaxed in hospital so the unallowable sound intensity level can exacerbate the illness and may also have a negative impact on hospital staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of noise pollution in the hospitals of Babol، Iran. This cross-sectional study was done in teaching hospitals of Babol، Iran in 2012. Sound pressure level (SPL) was measured based on 35 and 30 dBA as allowable threshold of sound in day and night by using a sound level meter، model Cirrus CR: 303 made in England. The samples were collected from three parts of each hospital: emergency room، operating room and intensive care unit during a day and holiday in the morning، evening and meeting times. The average sound level of different parts in the morning of a day and holiday was 64. 88±7. 303 and 61. 71±6. 435 dB respectively and at the meeting times of a day and holiday these averages were 62. 17±9. 447 and 62. 51±5. 095 dB respectively. Also، the averages were 60. 57±9. 697 and 59±8. 842 dB in the evening of a day and holiday، respectively. There was a significant difference between the sound level in the morning and evening of ordinary and holiday days (p<0. 001)، but there was no significant difference in meeting times during these two days: ordinary and holiday days. On the basis of the results، it is recommended to consider the strategies to control and decrease the sound with informing and training the personnel to provide healthier work environment for them and to improve the quality of services in care centers.

Transhiatal esophagectomy with cervical esophaghogastric anastomosis is the most common surgical method for treatment of esophageal cancer. Leakage and stricture is more frequent compilations of this method. Some studies suggest more benefit of linear stapled anastomosis than Sewn anastomosis. Due to the fact that this approach has been very limited in Iran، The aim of this study was to evaluate results of three linear stapled esophagogastrostomy. CASES: First patient was a 77 year old man who underwent anastomosis using linear stapler because of esophageal cancer and was discharged after 12 days without any complication. The second patient was an 81 years old man with complaint of dysphagia and esophageal cancer diagnosis underwent the same surgery and was discharged 13 days after surgery without any complication. Third one was a 73 year old woman who underwent an operation after four chemotherapy sessions that were discharged from hospital 18 days after surgery without complications. Results of this study provide more advantages and fewer side effects of linear stapled anastomosis than the manual method. However، case-control studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Vascular ring is a rare congenital heart defect that double aortic arch is the most common type of it. Patients with double aortic arch can be asymptomatic or have non-specific symptoms such as respiratory distress، swallowing disorder and failure to thrive. Thus the clinical diagnosis is difficult. Given the high prevalence of respiratory distress signs in children that commonly are related to respiratory infection، we describe two cases with respiratory distress that they was diagnosed with vascular rings. CASES: The first patient was an 8 month old infant presented with respiratory distress and dysphagia، in barium swallow، pressure effect on esophageal was seen and after echocardiography and CT angiography، double aortic arch was confirmed. The second patient was 4 months old infant with a history of frequent hospitalizations due to respiratory infections and inappropriate weight gain that her barium swallow radiograph was suspected for vascular problem and double aortic arch was confirmed by echocardiography and angiography. In both patients، respiratory symptoms improved after surgery and their weight gain returned to normal. In patients with respiratory distress، especially with upper airways involvements who do not respond to conventional treatment، barium swallow x-ray study and echocardiography is recommended to rule out the vascular rings.