نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار و تابستان1392)

Liver and serum concentrations of manganese (Mn)، molybdenum (Mo)، iron (Fe)، copper (Cu) and blood macro-minerals and their interrelationships were investigated in Holstein cows. Mean liver Mn، Mo، Fe and Cu were 4. 8، 1. 14، 0. 15 and 0. 06 mg/kg DM and serum were 14. 4، 0. 55، 0. 07 and 0. 21ng/dl and serum sodium، potassium، phosphorus and calcium (Ca) were 134، 4. 08، 1. 21 and 1. 92 mmol/l، respectively. Mean liver and serum elements in males and females cows in different ages were not significant different except for serum potassium which was different between gender of animals. Various relationships were observed among liver and serum elements in that the greatest correlations were in Mo and Fe and the lowest in Cu. The most correlations were found between liver Mo/serum Fe (r=0. 91)، liver Mo/Cu (r=0. 85)، serum/liver Mo (r=0. 81)، liver/serum Mn (r=0. 76) and liver Cu/serum Fe (r=0. 73). Serum Ca showed correlations with serum Mo and Fe، liver Mo، Cu and Fe. The strong correlation was between serum Ca/liver Fe (r=0. 81). In conclusion، trace elements in the liver and serum were appropriately correlated with each other while not among serum macro-minerals except in Ca which was correlated with other elements. The elements were more positive than negative correlation and among serum elements were greater than in liver elements. The role of serum and liver Mo، Fe and Ca seems more determinant than Mn and Cu. Thus، supplementation of trace elements in diet will improve the serum elements and liver reserves that directly prevent mineral deficiencies in cows.

This study was conducted to compare the quality of different phases of excretory urography by using Iodixanol in two intravenous and subcutaneous injection ways; to clarify if the way of injection can affect these qualities. For this, twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used. All the animals were fed on the same diet of pellet and dried hay and free access water. Rabbits were divided into two groups; the first group received 400 mgI/kg intravenously (marginal vein) and the second group received the same dose, subcutaneously. For radiography, rabbits were off-feed for 24 hours. Radiographs were taken in two lateral and ventro-dorsal views. Radiographs were taken on times of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 minutes after intravenous and on times of 0 and 1 and every 5 minutes until one hour after subcutaneous injections. The qualities of different phase were assessed and scored quantitively. The results of this study showed that subcutaneous injection of this contrast media could produce excretory urography but the quality and the feasibility to read different phases are not as well as what could be seen in intravenous way. The results of this experiment showed that nephrogram, pyelogram and cystogram phases were significantly better when the contrast media was injected intravenously (P<0.05).

One of the main causes of death among ostriches is early stomach impaction, the most common causes of which noise stresses, lack of food finding, orientation disorder. An adult ostrich can tolerate periventricular impaction without symptoms for many days or weeks. A 2.5 month old ostrich with clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, depression, palsy symptom was referred to veterinary clinic. Physical examination and clinical signs led us to the diagnosis of stomach impaction. General anesthesia was induced and maintained by xylazine-ketamine. The ostrich was positioned in dorsal recumbency. Abdominal area was prepared aseptically. After tracheal intubation, ventilation by oxygen capsule was performed and continued all through the surgery. Midline incision was made as routine. proventriculus was exposed and incised. Woody materials were removed. Proventriculus was irrigated by normal saline. The proventriculus and midline incisions were then closed in routine manners. Then serum therapy by Ringer serum and ventilation was performed in brachial vein. In this disease initial treatment is done with laxatives. Surgery is often effective treatment in acute impaction. Noise stress control and isolation of feed location from outdoor can be effective prevention methods in fields.

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance of E.coli isolated from raw milk and un pasteurized cheese. A total of 50 isolates were examined by Disk diffusion method and 47 (94 %) out of 50 isolates showed resistance against one or more of using antibiotics. The resistance against antibiotics were 27.65% for Tetracycline, 4.25 %for Streptomycin, 4.25% for Amikacin, 23.4% for Ampicillin, 8.51 %for Nitrofurantoin, 6.38% for Gentamycin, 2.12 % for Trimetoprim, 4.25 % for Ciprofloxacin and 80.85 for Clindamaycin. All of the isolates were susceptible to Neomycin and Norfloxacin. Also, the result showed that 44 %, 28%, 12% and 10% of the isolates were resistant to one, two, three and four antibiotics, respectively. Regarding to the results, 6.35% of the isolates transferred their resistance factor to E.coli O2K12 strain. The results of this study revealed that contamination of foods with the resistant strains may lead to transferring the resistant factors to consumer gut micro flora, thus it may considered as a risk for public health.

Bacteria of the Brucella are responsible for zoonotic infections. Detection of pathogenic species in different country is important. In this research three type sample, pure isolate, Milk and serum were analyzed by molecular approach. We examined peripheral blood from 30 patients affected by brucellosis, and 100 milk random samples collected from ethnic ranches. Two PCR products was sequenced to confirm identity of amplicons. DNA extraction from all of samples was performed by using a SDS/NET/Proteinase-k lyses procedure followed by phenol-chloroform standard purification method. Presence of Brucella melitensis was identified in 22 cases (73.3%) of patients that were confirmed by serological means and in 14 of milk samples(14%). However it must be considered positive results in vaccinated animals. We optimized a very sensitive reaction, by using of specific primers for amplification of a region of omp31 gene in different species of Brucella in the first round of PCR reaction that followed by a second reaction with very specific nested primers for Brucella melitensis omp31 gene. Primers designed as two PCR products in the first and second round of reaction had a near size (136 and 128bp respectively) and enrich one another. As a result, their bounds in Agarose gel electrophoresis were stopped in the nearly same location. we developed a simple method with high sensitivity, and it may therefore be considered a useful tool for diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis (CP) is the causative agent of soil born disease (SBD). This agent has two types of toxin called CWLT and PLD which gives CP to be able to inter in phagocyte and distributes with it in the host body and damages the membrane of lymph or blood capillaries, erythrocyte and specially subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes. CP polluted soil is distributed by wind and stabilizes on trauma and or insect damaged skin and then localizes in related subcutaneous tissues and cause necrosis and abscess formation in lymph and/or blood originated texture. In cattle CP can occasionally localize in gastrointestinal damaged mucosa and lung damaged structure and induces necrosis and abscess formation in related GI submucosal and lung tissues. From 8 June to 22 Sept. 2013 SBD affected 8.8% of 2000 dairy cattle. 67% of the affected animals were culled and the others were treated by penicillin and oxytetracycline, those apparently got rid of the disease. In this outbreak the percentage of affection in first to fifth pregnancy were 42.3, 20, 7.3, 12 and 5 respectively. SBD affected even a 6 Mold heifer. In this herd carpal joints were affected much more than tarsal ones and as a cellulitis did distend to regional lymph node. Clinically engaged joints were ulcerative, inflamed and painful and engaged lymph nodes which became an enlarged abscess. Histopathologic findings were invasion of lymph and/or blood capillaries and their complications, formation of caseinated masses which later on became obsess. In this outbreak CP was identified and the CAMP test of the isolated bacteria was positive. Considering the fallowing information: SBD is a zoonosis, difficulty to treat, SBD being endemic for more than 5M; therefore authors of this article deeply believe that till achieving a capable vaccine against cow’s SBD, all affected cattle should be. ..

In the present study we investigate whether calf foetal spinal cord pure extract could promote regeneration of CNS neuronal cells between the abdominal wall muscles and peritoneum of rat model or no. Ten adult rats were used in this study. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with ketamin 40 mg/kg and acepromazine 5 mg/kg with intramuscular injection. 1 ml of prepared spinal cord pure extract was injected between peritoneum and transverse muscle layer. Linea alba and skin incision were sutured routinely. Every week for 5 weeks 2 rats were euthanized and samples including injection sites were harvested and stored in 10% formalin. H&E staining techniques were used for evaluation. Two rats out of ten rats showed pyogranulomatous reactions with giant cells and inflammatory responses in the injection site, however the other eight rats did not show any inflammatory reactions in histopathological evaluation. No evidence of neuronal cells regeneration was found in our study nevertheless our homemade biomaterial from foetal spinal cord did not show any immunogenic responses after 5 weeks.

Leptospira spp is the cause of leptospirosis in human and livestocks. The global reports on increasing the leptospiral infection indicate the importance of disease among animals. This study demonstrates the seroprovalance of leptospiral antibodies in Urmia equine. The sera from 138 horses and mules were prepared. Microscopic agglutination test was carried out using live antigens representing grippotyphosa, icterrohaemoragia, canicula, hardjo, ballum, pomona and stralis. Overall, 12.3% including 11.1% males and 12.9% females had positive to the leptospiral serovars. Among horses, 16.3% including 16% stallions and 16.4% mares and mules 6.9% including 5% males and 7.9% females had positive to leptospira spp. The differences were not significant. Among seropositives, harjo was 41.2%, grippotyphosa 29.4%, icterohaemorrhagiae 23.5% and canicola 11.8%. The titer of 1:100 for hargo was 27.8%, grippotyphosa 16.7% and icterohaemorrhagiae 22.2% and titer 1:200 for each of harjo, grippotyphosa and canicola was 11.1%. Seropositive animals with one and two serovars were 94.1% and 5.9%, respectively. Age percentages in seropositive animals with 1-6, 7-12 and 13-18 years old were 17.7%, 64.6% and 17.7%, respectively, which were not significantly different. There was no significant difference between serovar's distribution among equines. In conclusion the leptospiral infection is confirmed in Urmia equines in that the most serovars with titer 1/100 are harjo, grippotyphosa and icterhemorrhagia. There was no species, ages and gender difference in leptospiral infection in equine. In order to achieve the optimal public health standard and healthy equines vaccination of equine to leptospiral serovars, control of the rodents and hygienic methods will be considered the emerging practices.