نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 61، بهار 1393)

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting changes in alexithymia of addicts in Ardabil from their spiritual intelligence. The research design is applied as far as the goal is concerned and correlational in terms of data collection. The study population consists of all males with drug abuse which in December 2011 referred to treatment center in Ardabil city، from among whom، using a cluster sampling procedure a sample of 100 men (80 opium dependents and 20 heroin dependents) were selected to participate in the study. All participants responded to the Toronto alexithymia Scale and King’s Spiritual intelligence Self Report Inventory. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، Pearson’s correlation coefficients، and simultaneous and step by step multiple regression analyses. Correlational analyses revealed that spiritual intelligence with three of its components (personal meaning production، transcendental awareness، conscious state expansion) was associated negatively (P<0. 05) with alexithymia. As regards inferential statistics، simultaneous regression analysis indicated that spiritual intelligence predicted 18% of the scores in alexithymia (P<0. 001). Step by step regression analysis revealed that of the four components of spiritual intelligence only two (conscious state expansion and personal meaning production) were able to predict alexithymia (P<0. 001). The findings of this study indicate that through the development of abilities of spiritual intelligence، emotion regulation can be partly facilitated and used as a defense against drug addiction. Furthermore، through the nurturance of such characteristics، addicted individuals can be helped to gain relief from their addiction.

Psychiatric nurses tolerate high levels of occupational stress; hence، stress management methods should be implemented to prevent this stress’s effects on these nurses. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of critical thinking training on the nurses of psychiatric wards’ job stress. This is an experimental study of the pre-post test design or the control group. Sixty nurses and healthcare workers، working at Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital of Mashhad were recruited. They have been randomly assigned into the experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Karasak job stress was used as the scale for data collection in three stages; before intervention، 1month، and 2month after the intervention. This intervention included two 6 hours sessions of critical thinking training، which were carried out with an interval of one week. Similarly، in control group two 6 hours sessions where held with an interval of one week to teach the terms of psychiatric symptoms to the nurses. Data were analyzed by χ2، t-test، ANOVA and Fridman by SPSS-11. 5. The results of this study reveal that the mean score of the job stress in the experimental group in pre-intervention stage (92. 1±7. 6) has been decreased to 84. 8±6. 4 one month after intervention، and to 81. 5±6. 9 in the third stage (two month after the intervention)، which is significantly more than the control group (P<0. 001). The job stress of the control group increased admirably one month and two month after the intervention stage (P<0. 001). As critical thinking training is an effective method to decrease the job stress، it is suggested that the managers consider it to decrease the nurses’ job stress.

The processing of social information is a necessary means by which humans obtain information about their social world. The way in which individuals attend to and interpret social information has an obvious impact on the conclusions they draw about social interactions. Such information comes in a variety of forms، including non-verbal behaviors، prosodic cues in voice، and facial expressions. This study utilized eye-movement data to compare attention to emotional facial expressions in individuals with and without social anxiety disorder. Statistical society comprised total of patients with social anxiety disorder aged 18-30 that had been referred to clinic of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in second half of 1390 and first half of 1391، as well as the normal population included all the normal persons aged 18-30. Participants were 30 people with a primary diagnosis of social phobia، and 30 non-anxious controls، who completed a demographic questionnaire، Social Phobia Inventory، Beck Depression Inventory، and a dot-probe task to measure visual attention to dynamic emotional facial expressions using SMI RED250 eye-tracking device. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 16) and ANOVA and T tests. Socially anxious individual had significantly faster vigilance for threatening facial expressions than non anxious control (P<0. 05). Social anxious participants show significantly more avoidance to threatening faces in the first 500 ms of the stimulus presentation than non- anxious controls. Over the course of the stimulus presentation (3000 ms)، participants with social anxiety disorder continued to attend to social threat cues longer than non-anxious controls. Individual with social anxiety disorder form negative assumptions about how other people see them، and these assumptions cause a particular attentiveness to threatening environmental cues.

Intolerance of uncertainty can be defined as a cognitive bias that affects how a person perceives، interprets، and responds to uncertain situations. Although intolerance of uncertainty has been reported mainly in literature relating to worry and anxiety symptoms، it may be also important to investigate the relationship between Intolerance of uncertainty، rumination، and depression. The aim of the present study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty in patients with generalized anxiety disorder، major depressive disorder and normal individuals and that relate with worry and rumination in a clinical sample. The present study was a cross-sectional and ex-post facto investigation. Statistical universe constituted all patients had been referred the first to the Bozorgmehr clinic in Tabriz in 2011. In this study، 32 client with generalized anxiety disorder، 32 client with major depressive disorder and 32 normal individuals were selected as a convenience sample. The groups were matched in demographic characteristics with each other. The subjects completed intolerance of uncertainty scale، Penn State worry questionnaire، and ruminative response scale. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS-17 and descriptive statistic index and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The result showed that there weren’t any significant differences in intolerance of uncertainty between two groups with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder (P=0. 77). But، there were significant differences in worry in the people with generalized anxiety compared with major depressive disorder (P=0. 012). Also، there were significant differences in rumination in the people with major depressive compared with generalized anxiety disorder (P=0. 025). Also، intolerance of uncertainty is related to worry and rumination. Intolerance of uncertainty is not a special factor for generalized anxiety disorder and this cognitive construct also plays a role in onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder، and maybe what separate these two disorders are different strategies (worry and rumination) which patients with generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders use to cope with intolerance of uncertainty

The psychological effect of work conditions on workers and personnel health was proved in past decade. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health of staffs of Khorasan Razavi prisons and outbreak of these disorders between prison staffs. In a casual comparative study that was implemented in 2012; 300 staffs from Mashhad، Torbat Heidarieh، Neishabur، Quchan and Kashmar prisons were selected by using random categorical sampling method. The revised list of psychic disorders syndromes (SCL-90-R) and Depression، Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were administered to gather data. Based on general severity indicator (GSI)، 43. 73 percent of staffs had mark above 0. 7 and suffered from psychological disorders. Furthermore، based on SCL-90-R، 36. 9 percent of staffs suffered from physical complains، 40. 3 percent obsession، 35. 3 percent interpersonal sensitivity، 35. 3 percent depression، 34. 6 percent anxiety، 34. 9 percent remonstration، 20. 3 percent fear، 50. 2 percent paranoia and 25. 8 percent broken psyche. There were no significant differences between demographic characteristics and prisons staffs mental health. There were significant differences between employees of Quchan prison staff and other staffs of the province prisons in almost all dimensions of SCL-90-R (P<0. 05). Outbreak of mental disorders in staffs of Khorasan Razavi prisons was in average level and almost above than public rates for different groups، that ask more responsible attention in this area.

For receive to optimal level of mental health in society، need to adequate data and information of existing status، that، this study done in order to survey epidemiology of emotional- behavioral disorder in primary school students in Mashhad. In this study 500 students (male and female) selected from grades one to five of general schools of Mashhad in 2011 by proportional stratified sampling and data was obtained through teacher’s report form (TRF) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). For data analysis، descriptive statistical methods and analysis of variance single factor ANOVA. According to obtained data 15% of all students in primary schools have clinical problems and 5% have had marginal problems، that maximum rate of epidemiology. This result request from schools to more attention to emotional climate of schools and provide a safe and secure environment، and can be a warranty for authorities of education، teachers and parents what more pay attention to mental health status and socio-emotional development these children.