فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی
پیاپی 40 (تابستان 1393)

round a decade ago, while studying the structure and content of human values in Iranian students (Delkhamoush, 2005), some deviations from the theoretical model of Schwartz’ Basic human values (1992, 2006) were identified. The present study aims to explain the alterations in structure of Iranian students’ values dealing with an approach to the original theoretical model in terms of causal effects of socio-political conditions, particularly the increasing impact of mass communication during last decade. 400 students (200 females, 200 males) completed the 40–item version of Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-40, Schwartz et al., 2001) and using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), value structure relations were determined. Compared with previous sample structure, as well as the original theoretical model, the following cross-cultural similarities and dissimilarities were recognized: 1) in spite of previous study, the achievement value appeared in its expected position, 2) a new alteration in the order of hedonism value, in regard to circular arrangement of values was observed, and 3) national security and social order items were transferred to universalism value as before. The study demonstrated that despite the impact of modernization and convergence process on the students’ values, tendency towards idealizing senses of certain values still remains.

the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mind-mindedness in mothers with a 6-7-month-old infant on promoting infant’s attachment quality at the end of first year of infant life. Infant attachment quality was assessed by the Attachment Q-sorts (Waters, 1995). Twenty mothers with insecure attachment styles were identified by the Current Relationship Interview (Crowell & Owens, 1996) and were assigned into either experimental or control groups. The results indicated that the attachment of infants in experimental group was significantly more secure and less dependent than the control group due to their mothers’ increased mind-mindedness and their appropriate responsiveness to infant’s needs.

the purpose of the present study was to predict the dimensions of self-awareness from personality traits in gifted students. Two hundred and thirty nine gifted students (120 girls, 119 boys) were selected from two high schools using purposive sampling. The participants completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFPQ; Goldberg, 1999)and the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS; Realo & Allik, 1998).The results indicated significant correlations between personality traits (openness to experience, conscientious, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism) and dimensions of self-awareness (private self-awareness, public selfawareness, and social anxiety). The multiple regression analysis indicated that openness to experience and conscientiousness predicted private self-awareness, and agreeableness and neuroticism predicted public self-awareness positively. Also, neuroticism predicted social anxiety positively, and extraversion predicted social anxiety negatively.

the purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school parentless and mal-treated girls living in special centers for these children in the city of Mashhad using convenience sampling. The participants were assigned randomly into either experimental or control group. The participants completed the Children's Self-Efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale (Wheeler & Ladd, 1982) before intervention and one week after. The experimental group received expressive art group therapy for ten sessions (two 90 minutes sessions per week). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that children of experimental group had better social self-efficacy in conflict situations and non-conflict situations than children of control group. The findings suggest that the expressive art group therapy may be contributed to the increase of self-efficacy in foster children

in the present study the role of self-regulation in the social adjustment of high school students was investigated. Two hundred and twenty four male students completed the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Miller & Brown, 1991), the California Social Adjustment subscale (Thorpe, Clark, & Tiegs, 1953) and the Cowell Social Adjustment Index (Cowell, 1958). Regression analysis and correlation were used for analyzing data. Among selfregulation subscales only three subscales of evaluating the information, implementing the plan and receiving relevant information were significant predictors of social adjustment. These findings suggest that male adolescents required information and goal setting more than other self-regulation dimensions to regulate adjusted relationships with social environment. Thus, the agency, effectiveness and independence of male adolescents should be taken into consideration, and traditional view of the family control and its limiting role should be moderated.

this study examined the gender invariance of structural relations between occupational role stressors and personal strain with mediating effect of personal coping among faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University. Two hundred and eighty five faculty members (150 males, 135 females) completed the Occupational Stress Inventory- Revised (OSI-R, Osipow, 1998). The data were analyzed using multi-group structural equation modeling. The results indicated a negative significant relation between occupational stress and personal coping; a significant positive relation between occupational stress and personal strain; a significant negative relation between personal coping and personal strain, and mediating role of personal coping in the relationship between occupational stress and personal strain. Results also indicated that in the overall model the regression weights were statistically significant and predictor variables accounted for 48% of the variance of personal strain. The results of the gender invariance of structural relations indicated that the relation between occupational role stressors and personal strain and the relation between personal coping and personal strain were stronger among females than males. The findings underscored the importance of sex variable to study structural relations between multiple conceptual domains

the aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of social skills training via cognitive-behavioral approach on adaptive functioning and emotional-behavioral disorders in students. The design of the study was experimental with pretest-posttest control group and two months follow-up. Thirty school girls of 5th and 6th grades with emotional-behavioral disorders were selected by random multilevel clustering from Langrood city in 2012-2013 academic year. The participants were randomly assigned into experimental or control groups. In order to assess the adaptive functioning and emotional-behavioral disorder in students, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was used. The experimental group received the Walker Social Skills Curriculum (Walker, 1983) for 17 sessions during two months. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group in adaptive functioning and emotional-behavioral disorders during post-test and follow-up. The findings suggest that the social skills training should be considered as a complementary part of school educational program.

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of cultural values in preferences for age of marriage and age difference between spouses. Three hundred and forty four students (153 males, 191 females) were selected by convenience sampling from Shahid Beheshti University. The participants answered the Marriage Values Survey (MVS; Delkhamoush, 2007, 2013b). Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods. The results indicated that the values of embeddedness and emotional autonomy had decisive contribution in prediction of marriage age preferences in two reverse directions, and the value of egalitarianism had decisive contribution in prediction of preferred age difference between spouses in both sexes. The findings highlighted the impact of cultural values on marriage criteria and preferences and confirmed the validity of the Marriage Values Survey