مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال دهم شماره 4 (1393)

Genu varum is considered a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. Being aware of postural swing changes in various standing positions among genu varum patients, provide insight to prevent osteoarthritis in this population. This study is undertaken to compare Postural Stability in various standing positions between young healthy and genu varum male individuals. 80 healthy young male university students, 40 normal and 40 subjects with genu varum deformity, participated in this study. Deformity of genu varum was assessed with caliper and Goniometer. Each subject stood in five different positions on force plates to record changes in center of pressure (COP). For data analysis, Matlab and Spss software applied, where Mixed ANOVA test was used to compare dependent variables between two groups in 5 different positions (p≤0.05). Significant differences were observed between the two groups for distance and velocity of COP sway in opened-eye bilateral and opened-eye unilateral standing (p≤0.05); while no significant differences was observed between bilateral standing with closed eye, unilateral standing with opened eye, and unilateral standing with upward head. According to the obtained results, it can be suggested that frontal knee angle may affect postural stability. Perhaps one of the reasons for higher injury risk and knee osteoarthritis in genu varum population is increase of COP swing. It is proposed focusing on corrective exercises can reduce these risks.

There is word finding problems among children with language and learning disorders. One of the most popular evaluation ways for word finding is formal assessment. The test of word finding- second edition is a most reliable one. In this study, validity and reliability of this test is determined in Isfahanian 8-11 year- old students. This is a transactional- descriptive survey. After translation and change, the test of word finding randomly administered in 210 children 8-11 year- old. Parent’s permission was taken, too. Test’s items were analyzed by using Item-Response Theory and entering responses’ pattern in form of numbers (zero and one) in Bilog-MG(6) software. Then, reliability was achieved by using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and statistical indexes of intermediate form were calculated by using SPSS (13) software. The mean of word finding scores in 3 age group (8, 9, 10, 11 years) were 40.30, 45.51, 48.05 and 45.11 respectively. It shows that when the children become older, the mean of scores increase gradually (Pvalue: 0.00, α: 0.05). Also the reliability of test was 0.84. The discrimination power of items in Persian students is equal to the discrimination power of German's test. It shows that this test has a good potential to differentiate between students with various word finding abilities. Reliability of this test is good based on psychometric indexes. Therefore, a valid and reliable test to evaluate word finding of Persian children is produced.

Participation in childhood everyday occupations is essential for health development of all children Regardless of ability or disability. The purpose of this study was Comparsion of participation patterrns between children with cerebral palsy and healthy children 7-15 years old. In this cross-sectional study, 40 children with cerebral palsy from special education school and 40 healthy children from typical schools through simple non propebly sampling were selected. Participation was evaluated with the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). The data were analyzed by spss17. There were significant differences between children with cerebral palsy and health subject group in diversity and intensity for all of scales only recreational activities (p£0.001). children with CP participated in skill-based (p<0.001) and active physical activities alone than healthy children (p<0.01). children with CP participated proportionally less in places out of home than healthy subjects for most of activities (p£0.001). the main effects of gender and interaction effect between group type and gender was significant only in diversity of active physical activities CAPE variables (p<0.05). The participation of health subjects in most activities was more than children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy can affect participation patterns of children and youth in everyday activities.

Any disorder in balance is one of the influencing factors on falling risk which its increasing can decrease falling risk and consequent problems. Thus the aim of study was to compare and examine the effects of aquatic, Whole Body Vibration and concurrent training on neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling in elderly females. 48 females were randomized consecutively into four Groups: the group1 submitted for the aquatic training(13), the group 2 submitted for the Whole Body Vibration Training (WBV)(11), the group 3 submitted for the aquatic training plus Whole Body Vibration Training (concurrent Group)(12), and the Control group(12). Neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling was evaluated in all subjects, before, 2 and 4 and 6 weeks after beginning the training and 2 and 4 weeks after completion the exercise period. A one-way ANOVA and two way repeated measure ANOVA used to analyze the data. Results of this study showed that there are significant difference between aquatic, WBV and concurrent training with control group. However, there is significant improvement in neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling in WBV and concurrent training groups in 2 weeks after beginning of training, but there is significant improvement in neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling in Aquatic training group in 4 weeks after beginning of training. Also, after doing retention test, there is significant decreasing in neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling in WBV and concurrent training groups in 2 weeks after detraining period, but there is significant decreasing in neuromuscular performance, balance and risk of falling in Aquatic training group in 4 weeks after detraining period. Due to results, using Aquatic, Whole Body Vibration and concurrent exercises are recommended to decrease likelihood of falling and improve neuromuscular performance and balance in elderly females.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is described by a pattern decreased attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that usually started in childhood and remain until adulthood. Primary signs of ADHD is treated by medical drugs but other signs, is treatable with combination of approaches. Last researches have adopted software technology like computer games on distraction and limb movement performance. The present study was done about effectiveness of computer games on level of attention in 7 to 12 aged children with ADHD.

In this research, 18 children with ADHD who refer to psychiatric department of Imam Reza Clinic in Shiraz, selected and assigned semi randomly in two groups; control group and intervention group. Children in intervention group received computer games intervention program for 14 sessions lasting 40 minutes each. A Continues Performance Test (CPT) was used before and after intervention phase to test level of attention. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated for statistical analysis of the data using SPSS software version 16.

In this research four factor in Continuous Performance Test, the number of correct responses, impulsivity errors, commission and reaction time are presented and analyzed. Statistical results showed significant different on reaction time factor on interventional group after intervention (P=0/02) but in other factors there was not significant different between intervention groups.

The results of this study showed that the computer games intervention had a significant impact on the factors of attention of the continuous performance test and the only factor that has improved after intervention was ADHD children's reaction time in the intervention group.

After age 50 to 70 years, 15% of muscles strength is lost per decade. Elderly people need to 90% of knee extensor muscles strength for daily activities such as getting up from a chair, while this value is only slightly more than half in young people. Due to the importance of knee extensor muscles strength in elderly, the purpose of this study was effect of seated leg press exercise on knee extension strength in elderly. twenty-four elderly men (age 61.41±6 years, height 75.9±6.2 kg and weight 173.31±5.2) were randomly divided in two matched groups. Resistance training group performed one set of 12 repetitions with 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) in each session, twice a week for eight weeks. Control group were engaged in their daily activities in this period. Isokinetic strength of the knee extensors of both legs was determined at 60°/s with a dynamometer (Biodex system 3). The 8-week seated leg press exercise led to significant improvements in knee extension strength from pretest to posttest for both dominant and non-dominant leg in resistance training group (respectively P=0.002 and P=0.003). These changes were not significant in control group (respectively P=0.220 and P=0.168). performing one set of 12 repetitions with 70% of 1RM in each session, twice a week for eight weeks, may led to significant improvement in knee extension strength in elderly people.

Natural process of aging is associated with biological events which alter the structure and function of different parts of the body. larynx also undergoes age-related anatomical and physiological changes during adulthood.. According to anatomical and physiological changes of Larynx, acoustic and perceptual characteristics of voice are modified as a result of age-related sequential changes. Due to mentioned changes, Restriction on voice producing, can have negative impact on different Aspects of Life such as social, functional, emotional, and physical fields. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of age-related voice changes on the quality of life of the elderly and middle-aged. This analytical study has been descriptive. The subjects were included40middle-aged individuals (Age group 50-60 years) as well as40 elders (Age group 60-70 years).After reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a study of Cognitive health of the elderly was conducted using the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Also, the quality of life was evaluated based on Voice Handicap Index (VHI).). Then the overall score of VHI and sub-tests were calculated for each individual. The results were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics Middle-aged group- adult population of working age- have received higher scores on voice handicap index compared to elderly and difference between two groups was significant.(P<0.05). In middle-aged group, the age-related anatomical and physiological changes of Larynx, have had more effects on daily Performance. Considering the fact that this group of adult has retained occupational and social functioning more than elders, age-related voice changes, have had greater effects on their quality of life.

The old age is one of the vulnerable classes of people in every society. The most important issue concerning the improvement of health and quality of life of the old age deals with preservation of a high degree of their independence in physical activities and continuation of an active life. The present research aimed at comparing the effect of two types of physical activity in water and on the land on factors related to health (balance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, muscular ability, muscular endurance, nimbleness) of old women. Forty-two qualified old women (60 to 75 years of age) was selected and classified into two groups of exercise on the land (21 women) and exercise in the water (21 women) groups. Balance (Y test), flexibility of upper trunk (back scratch test), flexibility of lower trunk (chair sit and reach test), muscular ability of upper trunk (arm curl test), muscular ability of lower trunk (chair stand test), agility (8-foot up and go test) and cardiovascular endurance (6 minutes of walking and two minutes of taking steps) were evaluated. The samples were assessed after the exercises. The data were analyzed using Klemogrov-Smirnov test and independent t. Results of the research showed a significant difference between the two water and land groups with respect to blind-folded balance, posterior lateral balance and cardiovascular endurance (P> 0/05). However, no significant difference was observed in other variables,(P< 0/05). It can be concluded that physical activity in the water and on the land improve of all factors related to the health of the old age however exercises on the land would raise the cardiovascular endurance and balance in them. Nevertheless, further studies with a higher volume of samples in different groups of the old age are proposed in order to determine the long-term effect of these exercises.

Birth of a child with intellectual disability can be considered as an adverse event by families. On this occasion all family members, especially mothers, are at risk for general health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of religious beliefs on general health and happiness among mothers who has or has nor children with intellectual disability. The current research was a correlation study. 131 children with intellectual disability and also 131 normal children, matched in characteristics rather than mental ability, were recruited for this study and their mother completed such questionnaires as the general health, the Oxford happiness, and the basic religious beliefs questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using thecorrelation and regression tests by SPSS software. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between religious beliefs and mental health of intellectually disabled children and normal children’s mothers at and, respectively. Religious beliefs in mothers of intellectually disabled children was less than mothers of normal children (p<0/01). A positive significant correlation was also found between religious beliefs and happiness in intellectually disabled children’s mothers (r=0/907). Mothers of the two groups were different in terms of religious beliefs, happiness and mental health, as these factors were lower in mothers of intellectually disabled children (p<0/01). Based on research findings, it can be concluded that mothers of intellectually disabled children might have more issues in finding happiness in life, their mental health and their religious beliefs compared to mothers of normal children.

(CO-OP) is a client-centered cognitive-based approach that focuses on individual abilities to achieve his/her functional goals. This approach is based on the assumption that cognition plays an important role in acquisition of functional skills, and is used to gain new skills and improve previous skills. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review studies on CO-OP in a variety of disorders, results, methodology and shortcomings identified in these studies. Various keywords were used to search for relevant articles including: Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP), Cognitive approach, Cognitive Strategy, and a combination of these words with different disorders.These keywords were entered to the following websites:MEDLINE, PUBMED, Wed of Knowledge, Science Direct, and Irandoc aiming to find articles between 1998 and 2011.Approximately 200 paper were found using key words, 27 of which were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria to be evaluated in order to get the study intended information. Amongst these selected papers, three papers describe basis and protocol of CO-OP that were not considered in evidence ranking; Seventeen papers were placed at level III and seven papers were placed at level V of quality. So far, the effectiveness of this approach on Developmental Coordination Disorder, Asperser syndrome, Brain Injury, high-functioning Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury has been studied till now, and its influences on motor based occupational performance, performance and satisfaction increase, community participation, strategies use and Dynamic Performance Analysis improvement have been shown. CO-OP has had positive effects on various disorders. These results could not be generalized due to low quality, hence, to increase the validity of this approach effectiveness in different groups, it is crucial to conduct studies which are ranked top in evidence ranking.