مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (1394)

Vision is not the only sense providing information to understand the pattern of movement. Hearing is another suitable channel to gather information about the pattern of movement. Hence,This study investigated the effect of audiovisual integration onperformanceprecisionand learning in basketball jump shot.30subjects were selected. Thesubjectswere randomly divided three groups:visual,visual-auditory (single channel)andvisual-auditory (two channels). Visual group watched patternskilledbasketballplayer and other groupsother groups in addition to watching pattern skilled basketball player, heard Elbow angular velocity (one channel groups) and Elbow and wrist angular velocity (two channel groups) as sonification.Per session practice wasincluding 40try; and subject participated in four sessions. The acquisition test was doneat the end ofeach sessionandretention testwas performed after 48hours. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22. One-way ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results showed Visual-auditory group(single channel) had significantlybetter performance compared tovisual group (p=0.001)and visual-auditory group (two channels) (p=0.045) inacquisition test. In retention test there was significant difference between auditory groups and visual group in favor of theauditory groups (p=0.002 and p=0.000 respectively).The resultsareconsistent with modality appropriateness hypothesis. This results argues that due to certain temporal adjustments in jump shot basketball task, modality that dominates the perception in the context of this task, is auditory when is presented with visual simultaneously, it provide beneficial results. In this study, positive effect visual-auditory integration on performance and learning was confirmed.

Social participation is the critical keys of successful and healthy aging and end goal of intervention in professional health system. This study designed to translation and evaluating the validity and reliability of the English version of Life Habits Questionnaire (Short Form) to Persian language to measuring social participation of older adults.

After permission of the developer the questionnaire was translated based on forward-backward method, then validity and reliability was assessed in 150 older adults who were living in Tehran (aged≥60 years(. Obtained data was analyzed in term of face validity, content validity (Lawshe Method), and test-retest reliability (repeated ability between 2 weeks).

Experts and older adults confirmed the face and content validity (CVI=0.88. Test-retest reliability was 0.98 (p<0.001), (ICC=0.95).

The Persian version of Life Habits Questionnaire for older adults showed acceptable validity and reliability. So after assessing construct validity, it is recommended as a clinical and research tool to evaluate social participation of older adults.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system disease that results in many symptoms such as fatigue, physical disability, etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight-weeks aquatic aerobic exercise and balance training on physical disability and mental health in female patients with MS. In this practical and semi- experimental research, forty five women having MS with degree of physical disability 1 to 4, disease duration 12 to 48 months and aged 20 to 45 years who went to Dezfoul MS Society were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=15 in each group), Aquatic aerobic exercise, balance training and control. Both experimental did their exercises three times weekly each session 40 to 50 minutes for 8 weeks. Subjects filled out the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale and Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questioner before and after 8 weeks. The data were analyzed with t-test, one-way and multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results indicates that in both aquatic aerobic exercise and balance training groups, physical disability significant decreases and mental health significant increases and was not significant difference in both experimental group. the findings of this study suggest that methods, aquatic aerobic and balance training are significantly effective in decreasing physical disability and increasing mental health in MS female patients.

Migraine attack is a complex brain event that can causea wide range of neurological and physical symptoms. Although the most prominent feature of migraine is headache, migraine may have other symptoms that occurs before, during or after the headache.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a selected aerobic exercise on headache intensity of patients with migrain. This study was a semi-experimental design and subjects included 22 women with migraine headache. The mean age of experimental group31.69±6.53years, and the mean age of control group(n=9) was 37.55±9.30 years, that were non-randomly selected and divided into experimental(n=13) and control (n=9) groups.The control subjects were treated only by medication, but the experimental group inaddition to medication, performed aerobic exercises 3 times/ week, 30-60 minutes for 12 weeks. We used independent t-test of mean differences to analysis of data. Findings of research showed that, there was significant reduction in headache severity of experimental group subjects. The headache severity was as follows (pretest=34.23±19.95 vs. posttest =14.30±8.77). The findings of this research showed that aerobic exercises would be an effective Conservative intervention in the treatment of headache in patient with migraine.

Dysgraphia in dictation is considered to be a common learning disability. Usual treatments for dysgraphia have been shown to be unsuccessful. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on dictation errors. The design of the present study was a single-subject design with multiple baselines. Six male students of second elementary school of Tabriz with normal intelligence and dysgraphia were selected by the convenient sampling method. They did not have clinical problems in any subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Using Sound smart software, cognitive assignments of brain and cognitive sciences of Cambridge University, and paper and pencil assignments performed thirty training sessions. A researcher based test was used to evaluate dictation errors. Statistical analysis methods included effect size calculation, improvement percent, and visual inspection of graphs. In visual skill errors, mean of baseline-treatment effect size was 1.03 (moderate effect size), and mean of baseline-follow up effect size was 26.2 (high effect size) for 6 subjects. Furthermore, in auditory skill errors, mean of baseline-treatment effect size was 0.92 (moderate effect size), and mean of baseline- follow up effect size was 2.15 (high effect size) for 6 subjects. The improvement percent of these errors at follow up-baseline phase was greater than intervention-baseline phase.It would suggest that by considering the individual differences, the cognitive rehabilitation program can be used as a new and appealing method for children along with other common methods of treatment for dysgraphia.

The purpose of present research was the study of the effect of sensory feedback on speed of the relative phase transition in anti-phase bimanual coordination pattern across old adults. Therefore 15 intact male old adults selected in available with age range 60-70 years that were all of them hand-right. Participants started their movement on bimanual coordination device with anti-phase at frequency 0/75 Hz and was increased to it 0/25 Hz by step 5 seconds and final frequency was 5 Hz. Present task performed under 8 sensory conditions. For investigating data used repeated measures analysis of variance 2×2×2 and paired-samples t-test with Bonferroni correction for pair comparisons of the interaction effects.The findings revealed that main effects of proprioception (P=0/001), audition (P=0/001) and two-way interaction (P=0/022) were significant.These results implied to positive effects of audition and proprioception feedback and also more effect of exist of audition information along with lack of vision onthe speed of relative phase transition. The findings reflected that the performance of present bimanual coordination task was under close-loop control system. Also the results reflect the role of control parameter in performing coordinated movement and relative phase transition from one inconsistence pattern to another more consistence pattern as movement speed increased. With regard to older adults revealed more impairments in audition and proprioception than vision condition and also more variability and the speed of the phase transition, we could conclude thatthese population relied on audition and proprioception to perform bimanual coordination patterns.

Upper crossed syndrome is a form of muscle skeletal system involvement that leads muscles of the anterior and upper trunk be short and tight and the posterior part of the muscles be weak. janda Upper cross syndrome mostly associated with abnormalities of the forward head, forward shoulder, away scapula and increased thoracic kyphosis and will cause wide variations in a quarter of the upper body. Common methods of correcting these abnormalities are corrective exercises. The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of strength training, stretch training and comprehensive training in patients with upper crossed syndrome. Forty females students with excessive forward head>46ﹾﹾ, forward shoulder>52ﹾﹾ and kyphosis>42ﹾﹾ angle were chosen as samples using purposive sampling method. The average of age 22/22±1/77 years, weight 61/22±1/90 kg, height 161/85±2/55 cm and body mass index of the samples 23/37±0/9 kg/m2. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups of 10 experimental and control groups. The first experimental group performed strength training, second group stretch training and third group comprehensive training for 6 weeks. In this period, the control group did not receive any training. In this study, photogrammetric method technique was used to measure the angle of the forward head and forward shoulder. A flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of kyphosis (r=0/93). Angle of forward head, forward shoulder and kyphosis was measured before and after 6 weeks..data were analyzed using paired T-test and SPSS (21) (p≤0/05). According to in study, paired T-test results in the experimental group showed that the significant decrease in the angle forward shoulder (p=0/001), forward head (p=0/005) and kyphosis(p=0/001) of three types of exercise (strengthing,stretching, comprehensive) was found after 6 weeks. However, a significant decrease in the angle of forward head and shoulder and kyphosis was not found in the control group. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed that between the effects of different exercises on the forward shoulder angle(p=0/001), forward head angle (p=0/001) and kyphosis angle (p=0/001) there are significant difference. according to the tukey test results, implementation of corrective exercises, strengthing (p=0/001), stretching (p=0/001), and comprehensive (p=0/001) there is a significant difference with the control group. However between the strength training groups, stretching and comprehensive with each other in forward shoulder group, no significant difference was observed. While between of effect the comprehensive training in forward head and kyphosis abnormalities was significant difference compared to other exercises. Forward head and kyphosis angle decreased in the comprehensive group compared to other training programs,showed the Better efficiency of this training program. While between the group strength training, stretching and comprehensive with each other on the forward shoulder significant difference was not found. Importantly, the data showed that although there is no significant difference in the training program. However, statistical trends and the effectiveness has been more of the comprehensive training program. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the angle of forward head, forward shoulder and kyphpsis in the experimental group. Therefore, using this program is recommended in subjects with upper crossed syndrome deformity.

Conservative treatment of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP); especially as exercise-based interventions, is a main part of rehabilitation program for such patients. This review study was designed to investigate the influences of exercise-based therapeutic intervention on patients with NCLBPin Persian studies. ISC, Magiran, IrMedex, SID, and MedLib were selected as searching motor engines by using keywords including NCLBP, exercise-based therapy, Therapeutic exercise, Exercise therapy, and Corrective exercise training. Studies which used patients with acute or specific low back pain as subjects were excluded from the review process.From 35 articlesfound, ten articlesincluded in ourstudy. They mainly concentrated on the effects of core stabilizing exercises and Pilates training on pain intensity, disability, function, balance, lumbar flexor and extensor muscles’ endurance, and electrical activity of abdominal and spinal muscles in individuals with NCLBP. Positive effect of core stabilizing exercises and Pilates training method on above-mentioned variables is confirmed in theliterature. Exercise-based therapeutic interventions; especially as core stabilizing exercises or Pilates training can lead to reducing pain and improving function in patients with NCLBP; although designing and implementing clinical trials studies is essential due to relative poor quality of present articles to achieve more valid results.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common sport injuries. During sport activities, the status of the various joints of the body, the neuromuscular control pattern and the muscular function can affect stresses on the ACL and its injury rates. The aim of this paper is to study the biomechanical risk factors of noncontact ACL injuries.One of the most important risk factors for ACL injuries are biomechanical factors. Position of the knee joint and torque around it and other body segments such as hip and ankle joints during sport activities can affect the amount of forces on the ACL. Simultaneous to higher incidence of ACL injuries in women, factors that maybe more deleterious for ACL are more evident in women than in men. So it seem, using methods such as neuromuscular training that modify these factors, could help to reduce stresses on ACL and its injury rates, especially in woman.

The association of autism symptoms and cognitive abilities can facilitate the etiology and treatment of autism disorders. Destruction of executive functions seems to be one of the cognitive reasons of potential phenotype in autistic disorder. Thus, the present paper aims to study the relationship between response inhibition and cognitive flexibility with autistic symptoms.

In this cross-sectional study, 50 children with high-Functioning autism were selected using convenience sampling method with the high functioning autism spectrum Screening Questionnaire. Then the GARS test was completed by therapist and neuropsychological tests of stroop and cognitive flexibility scale were taken by the subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variant regression were used for data analysis.

There is a significant negative relationship between response inhibition with communicative and social interaction symptoms (P<0/01, P<0/05, P<0/001). There is a significant negative relationship between cognitive flexibility with communicative, social interaction and stereotype behavior symptoms (P<0/01, P<0/05). The results of regression analysis also show that response inhibition can predict communication symptoms. Cognitive flexibility can predict social interaction symptoms (P<0/01, P<0/05).

The results obtained by this study indicate the significant role of response inhibition and cognitive flexibility in autistic symptoms. Thus, it is recommended to consider executive functions for new treatment of children with autism disorder.