مقالات رزومه محمدعلی جواهری

Planting date is one of the most influential factors in determining sugar beet yield and quality. Due to its effect on the length of plant growth period, i.e. the number of growth days received by the plant, planting date has a significant impact on crop yield and is one of the most influential and decisive factors in agricultural production. The selection of the harvest date is one of the pillars of vintage quality and sugar yield in sugar beets. However, it is difficult to define the harvest date and, more precisely, the maturity date of beet roots in a precise and absolute manner. Indeed, there are various stages and degrees of maturity based on environmental and climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, latitude, and others. Because sugar beet lacks a distinct physiological ripening stage, similar to cereals. Due to the effect of farm management, particularly the application of planting and harvesting dates, on the yield and quality of sugar beet, it is necessary to plan carefully in order to determine the optimal planting and harvesting dates for this crop in each region. Due to the risk of autumn frost and the necessity of transport planning to the sugar factory, farm management is crucial. On the basis of this information, the first harvest date should be determined, which has a suitable and acceptable yield of white sugar, and the product should be harvested and transported to the sugar factory as soon as possible.

To determine the effect of planting and harvesting dates on root yield and certain quality characteristics of sugar beet in the Bardsir region of Kerman province, a split -plot randomized complete block experiment with four replications was conducted. The main factor was the sowing date, which was applied at two levels: The first sowing date was April 21 and the second was June 5. The sub-factor was the harvesting date, which began on August 23 and occurred in nine stages with a 15-day interval in the relevant plots.

The results revealed that the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth harvesting dates in the first sowing date produced the highest root yield, and only in these four treatments the root yield reached more than 50 tons per hectare. The treatments of three first, second, and third harvest dates on the first sowing date and three fifth, sixth, and seventh harvest dates on the second sowing date produced the most nitrogen in the roots. The greatest amount of root molasses sugar was found in the first and second harvest dates on the second sowing date; in these treatments, the amount of root molasses sugar exceeded 5.8%. Also, the greatest amount of gross sugar was assigned to the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth harvests on the date of first sowing, and the amount of gross sugar in these five treatments exceeded 18%. In addition, the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth harvest dates had the highest white sugar yield on the first planting date. Due to the risk of autumn frosts and, on the other hand, transport planning to the sugar factory and farm management, it is necessary to harvest immediately if the desired white sugar yield is achieved.

According to the findings of this study, delay in planting sugar beet increased root impurities and decreased root sugar yield and percentage. Also, with the delay in harvesting for both planting dates, root impurities decreased and the proportion of crude sugar increased, resulting in a greater disparity between molasses and crude sugar and an increase in pure sugar. Due to the risk of autumn frosts and the need to transport the crop to the sugar factory, it is recommended that beet growers in this region plant on May 1 and harvest on November 15.

Arsenic is toxic to plants and accumulates in minute quantities within the majority of species. The amount of arsenic absorbed by a plant is contingent upon its source and solubility (Gonzalez et al., 2021). Arsenic mobility and availability are strongly influenced by soil type, pH, and the use of chemical fertilizers such as phosphorus and potassium. Arsenic and phosphorus share chemical similarities and compete for carrier and membrane carrier absorption (Taati et al., 2021). Basil was chosen for this study due to its rapid growth and ability to absorb contaminants such as heavy metals.This study's objective was to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to reduce the toxicity of arsenic and optimize basil growth in arsenic-contaminated soils. The effects of varying concentrations of arsenic, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as their interactions, on arsenic toxicity, crop growth, phosphorus and potassium uptake, and arsenic accumulation in two basil cultivars were investigated.

This study was conducted in the greenhouse of the University of Zabol during the winter of 2013 and the spring of 2014. Two seed cultivars, Keshkeni Luvelou and landrace of Zabol, constituted the first factor, while types of fertilizers, including 50, 150, and 250 mg of phosphorus and potassium per kg of soil for triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, constituted the second factor. Arsenic sulfate was added to all containers at a constant rate of 15 mg per kilogram of soil. Plant height, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, fresh weight of shoots, and arsenic concentration in plant shoots were measured. The number of leaves per plant, the number of lateral branches per plant, the height of the plant, the diameter of the main stem, the length of the roots, and the fresh weight of the plant were also measured. After harvesting the plants, they were separated into shoots and roots, dried, and weighed. To measure the heavy metal arsenic, plant samples were dried and ground using the dry digestion method. The arsenic concentration in the extract was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry.

Results indicated a 1 percent level of significance for cultivar effects on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number and length of lateral branches, fresh weight, and leaf area. In all growth-related characteristics, the local cultivar differed significantly from the modified cultivar. The addition of arsenic decreased plant growth and increased arsenic concentration in plant organs. The study of the relationship between phosphorus and arsenic revealed that in both cultivars studied, the concentration of arsenic in the shoot decreased as the amount of phosphorus increased. In the interaction between arsenic and potassium, the most arsenic was found in the aerial portion at the lowest potassium concentration. The landrace of Zabol grew better than the modified cultivar due to its adaptation to the local environment. The results of the control treatment on both cultivars revealed that only the addition of arsenic at a concentration of 15 mg/kg soil can inhibit plant growth in comparison to other fertilizer applications. This could be due to the absence of heavy metal contamination in the region, as studies have shown that arsenic can cause stress in plants and inhibit their growth. It can be said that the interaction of phosphorus and potassium with arsenic in other treatments mitigates the negative effect of arsenic on the landrace, whereas the modified cultivar exhibited a type of growth stimulation.

By acting on arsenic absorption, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can reduce the concentration of this substance in plant food, thereby reducing the risk of toxicity. In the interaction between phosphorus and arsenic, as the amount of phosphorus used increased, the concentration of arsenic in the plant's shoots decreased, indicating competition for absorption. At low phosphorus and potassium levels, soil arsenic uptake increased. Landrace of Zabol was superior to breeding cultivar in the majority of vegetative traits, which can be explained by the greater compatibility of breeding cultivar with regional conditions. Landrace of Zabol absorbed less arsenic in the control treatment; however, arsenic had a significantly negative effect on the growth of this cultivar compared to other treatments. In contrast to the landrace, in the control treatment of Keshkeni Luvelou, low concentrations of arsenic stimulated plant vegetative growth.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is an expensive and highly valuable plant recognized globally for its many medicinal properties and low water demand. Hence, the development of saffron farms in semiarid regions has received much attention as it increases water use efficiency (WUE) in such water-deficient areas. Considering the different factors involved in saffron growth and yield, the geographical information system (GIS) is the best and most cost-effective method to identify areas potentially favorable to saffron cultivation. The current study aimed at zoning the land area favorable to saffron cultivation in Kerman Province was conducted over the period 2017-2019. The required daily data were collected from 13 synoptic stations recorded during the years 1998 to 2016, which were subjected to the homogeneity test before the relevant GIS information layers including altitude, slope, frost, rainfall, absolute maximum and minimum temperatures, and probability of temperatures below 5º Celsius in November were prepared. Subsequently, the relevant variograms were drawn. Also, the slope map was extracted using the digital elevation model. Finally, weights were assigned to the above layers using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, and the final zoning map was prepared in ArcMap. The map thus prepared revealed that the southern and eastern stretches of the province were not suitable for saffron cultivation while the more favorable areas were located at the foothills in Baft, Bardsir, Zarand, and Shahrbabak towns. Moreover, Kahnuj, Manojan, southern parts of Jiroft, eastern stretches of Bam, and southern stretches of Baft, accounting for around 59% of the total provincial land area, were recognized as unfavorable to saffron cultivation. The remaining lands of the total provincial area were classified as follows: 15% relatively suitable, 16% suitable, and about 10% highly suitable for saffron cultivation.

Orzuiyeh city (one of Kerman province's warm regions) is known as the center of wheat production in Kerman province. Wheat is one of the main crops in the region, which plays an important role in providing food for the people and the economy of the region. The high area under wheat cultivation in this city is the most important source of income for farmers. Wheat is primarily sown in Orzuiyeh for bread production using the Chamran cultivar and durum wheat production using the Yavaros cultivar. Due to the introduction of new cultivars, additional cultivars must be introduced to farmers if they outperform conventional cultivars.

The yield of 11 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. Durum) cultivars (Chamran, Shoosh, Parsi, Sivand, Sirvan, Chamran-2, Shabrang, Aflak, Behrang, Baharan, and Mehregan) was evaluated in the hot zone Orzuiyeh in this experiment. The cultivars were compared on yield and performance components over a two-year period using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each cultivar was planted in six 6-meter lines with a line spacing of 20 cm and the distance between replicates was considered one meter. The amount of fertilizer used was done according to the experiments and according to the needs of the farm soil based on the recommendations of the soil and water department. The first irrigation was done immediately after planting by sprinkling method and according to the custom of the field. Operations and weed control were performed manually (weeding) in the same way on all plots. After physiological maturation of cultivars, harvest was performed in each plot from four middle lines and after removing half a meter from both sides of each line. Grain yield for each treatment was calculated based on the total area of plot harvest and after threshing. Then, based on the obtained data, the analysis of variance of the data was performed in the year. After Bartlett test results, composite analysis of variance was performed by SAS software and mean comparison was performed by LSD method and the results were interpreted.

There was a positive correlation between grain yield, 1000- Grain weight, and Grain per spike. Shabrang, for example, had a higher Grain density per spike and 1000- Grain weight. Additionally, the 1000- Grain weight correlated negatively and statistically significantly with the number of Grains per spike and spike length. At the 1% level, there was also a positive and significant correlation between the number of Grains per spike and the spike length. Additionally, Shabrang cultivar produced the most grain per hectare (8.04 tons), while Chamran cultivar produced the least grain per hectare (6.32 tons). A thousand Behrang cultivar Grains weighed 46 g. Shabrang cultivars typically had 57 se Grains per spike, while Behrang cultivars typically had 39 Grains per spike. Parsi, Shoosh, and Sirvan cultivars, on the other hand, had the longest spikes at 10.7 and 10.4 cm, respectively, while Behrang cultivar had the shortest spikes at an average of 8.1 cm. The Parsi and Aflak cultivars grew to the greatest heights of 101.3 and 99.3 cm, respectively, while the Behrang and Baharan cultivars grew to the smallest heights of 92 and 91.6 cm, respectively.

The Durum Shabrang cultivar should be used in place of the conventional Durum (Yavaros) cultivars, according to the findings of this study. Additionally, Mehregan and Parsi bread wheat cultivars are recommended for use in the Orzuiyeh region in place of Chamran bread wheat cultivars.

13 bread wheat cultivars, including Alvand, Back Cross Roshan, Pishtaz, Arg, Tiger, Sirvan, Flamenco, Omid, Orum, Heydari, Mihan, Chamran 2 and Natasha varieties, were evaluated for two years in a completely randomized block design with three replications in the research center of Kerman agricultural education. After running the Bartlett test, composite analysis of variance was performed by SAS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed at the 5% level, and then the results were interpreted. The results showed that Heidari, Alvand, Orum and Arg cultivars had the highest grain yield with average yields of 6300, 6263, 5546 and 5257 kg / ha, respectively. Also, Chamran 2, Sirvan and Tiger cultivars with average yields of 4488, 4566 and 4668 kg / ha had the lowest grain yields. On the other hand, Omid and Pishtaz cultivars with a weight of 44.24 and 44.04 gr per thousand seeds had the highest, while Flamenco and Tiger cultivars with a weight of 37.49 and 36.73 gr had the lowest weight of a thousand seeds, respectively. Chamran 2 cultivar with 39.83 had the lowest number of seeds per spike. Omid cultivar with 107 cm had the highest plant height and Mihan and Tiger cultivars had the lowest plant height with 81.00 and 79.83 cm, respectively. According to the results of this study (especially in terms of yield and dwarfness), Heydari and Mihan cultivars should be used to replace conventional and old cultivars in Kerman province's cold areas.

The new durum wheat cultivar Aran (DW-91-6) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 41th International Durum Yield Nursery (IDYN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in two research stations of Khorramabad and Darab in warm agro-climate zone of Iran. In this step, Aran was selected for the further studies based on its high grain yield (6398 kgha-1). This line had average grain yield of 7183 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2010-2011 cropping season. Line DW-91-6 had average grain yield of 7172 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial compared to Behrang check cultivar with grain yield of 7068 kgha-1 in 2011-2012 cropping season and was selected for the further evaluations. In the regional elite yield trial conducted in four stations of Ahvaz, Darab, Dezful and Khorramabad in 2012-13 and 2013-14, this line with 7660 kgha-1 had 9% higher yield than Behrang check cultivar with grain yield of 7021 kgha-1 and was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Aran also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (13.6%) and high percentage of wet gluten (30%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 24% to 26% higher grain than Yavarus as a local check inKerman as well as a 17% higher grain yield compared to Behrang as a local check in Khoozestan. In total, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rust diseases, line DW-91-6 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name “Aran” for warm agro-climate zone of Iran.

In order to development of sugar beet fall sowing in Orzoiee area study of sowing and harvesting date on production of bolting and plant growth rate on sugar beet was done.In this research tolerance to bolt of DEZ and bR1 on 3 sowing dates: Sep.10th, Sep. 22nd and Oct 11st and 3 harvesting dates: Apr 3rd, May 4th and Jun. 4 th were investigated. The results showed that: DEZ variety produced less bolting compared to BR1.There were no difference among varieties in shoot dry weight and so rate of shoot to dry weight of root.The first sowing date had the most bolting but the third sowing date had the least bolting.The first sowing date had the least rate of shoot dry weight to root dry weight among the sowing dates, and the least rate of shoot dry weight to root was observed by the third sowing date.The lay delaying of sowing date, the plants growth rate was decreased, so that the first and the third sowing dates had the most and the least growth rate respectively.The plants which had the most growth rate, had the most root yield.The CGR of first sowing date after 245 days was become negative.But the CGR of sowing plant in the third sowing date till the harvesting time was not zero, this shows that the decade of plants growth was not completed in the third sowing date.