gh. ahmadi

The Amin wheat cultivar, with the pedigree "KAUZ/LUCO-M//PVN/STAR/3/ Yaco/2*Parus/4/Pishtaz", was developed through a national irrigated bread wheat breeding program for the temperate climate of Iran. Initial and advanced crosses were conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran, while the evaluation and selection of segregating generations (F2-F6) carried out at the Zarghan Research Station in Fars Province. Selected lines, including M-94-14, advanced to both preliminary and advanced yield trials. Under optimal irrigation conditions in temperate climate adaptation trials, the M-94-14 line (Amin cultivar) achieved an average grain yield of 6950 kgha-1, representing a 3.9% and 5.7% yield advantage over the control cultivars Parsi and Baharan, which yielded 6688 and 6574 kgha-1, respectively. This line exhibited desirable baking quality traits, including favorable grain protein content, Zeleny sedimentation volume, bread loaf volume, grain hardness index, and SDS sedimentation height. Additionally, it demonstrated acceptable resistance to yellow and leaf rusts. On-farm trials across various regions showed that the Amin cultivar achieved a grain yield of 6820 kgha-1 under optimal irrigation conditions, outperforming the average grain yield of control cultivars, which was 6609 kgha-1. Given the superior performance of this line compared to existing cultivars in temperate climate of Iran, the M-94-14 line was officially released as the Amin cultivar in 2019.

In crop season 2012-2013 wheat genotype "Frncln/Rolf07" was introduced to Iran within an international nursery received from CIMMYT and was studied in experiment of evaluation of yield and agronomic characteristics of spring wheat genotypes in international nurseries in temperate regions. Then in 2013-2014 crop season, it was selected in a preliminary regional wheat yield trial under normal irrigation with an average yield of 8114 kgha-1 compared to the check cultivars Parsi, Sirvan, Pishtaz and sivand, respectively, with grain yield of 8.035, 8.022, 6.914 and 7.985 kgha-1. This cultivar was further investigated in the advanced regional wheat yield trial of temperate regions of the country during 2014-2015 and with average grain yield of 7093 kgha-1 compared to 6495 and 6423 kgha-1 yield of check cultivars Parsi and Sirvan, respectively, and was selected for adaptation evaluation. The average yield of M-94-15 line in temperate climate adaptation experiment during the 2015-2017 crop season under normal conditions was 7231 kgha-1 verses 6688 kgha-1 of Parsi cultivar and 6574 kgha-1 of Baharan cultivar and in general, total mean grain yield was 3% higher than the average of whole genotypes. Due to the good condition of M-94-15 line reaction to stripe rust (O-30MR) and leaf rust (O-30MSS) diseases, as well as the resistance to grain shattering and good bread making quality, this line was selected for study at the level of farmers' fields. Wheat line M-94-15 based on its favorable agronomic characteristics, suitable earliness and good bread making quality was released in 2019 as Farin for cultivation in temperate agro-climatic regions.

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16.  This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.

A bread wheat breeding line that led to release of Tallaei cultivar introduced from International Research Center for Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT) to Iran through an international nursery in 2009 and was evaluated in a primary trial in Islam Abad-Gharb research station and due to its favorable characteristics was selected for further evaluation. This line showed grain yield of 6967 and 5370 kgha-1 under normal irrigation and terminal drought conditions, respectively, while mean grain yields of four check cultivars: Parsi, Sivand, Bahar and Pishtaz for those two conditions were 6857 and 3850 kgha-1, respectively, Aforementioned line showed grain yield of 4851 kgha-1 in advanced yield trial of temperate regions breeding program under water deficit conditions compared to 4631 khha-1 of drought tolerant check cultivar "Sirvan" in three locations, hence selected for final evaluation in adaptation trial. Grain yield of this line which was presented as M-91-18 at the adaptation trial was 7563 and 6385 kgha-1 against 8022 and 6200 kgha-1 of Parsi check cultivar under normal and water stress conditions, respectively, during two cropping seasons 2012-13 and 2013-14. This line showed overall mean grain yield, of 9583 and 8042 kgha-1 in normal irrigation and water deficit conditions under extensional farmer fields, respectively. For these two conditions check cultivar Parsi showed 7875 and 6828 kgha-1 records. Grain yield potential of this line was recorded as 10070 and 10670 kgha-1 in Alborz and Kermanshah farmers' fields, respectively. According to the latest evaluations the response of this line to yellow and leaf rusts was moderately resistant under severe artificial infection. Wheat line M-91-18 has considerable earliness and good bread making quality and based on its good agronomic characteristics in 2017 this line was released as Tallaei, for cultivation under normal and terminal moisture stress conditions in temperate agro-climatic regions.

The present qualitative study aimed to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of research performance evaluation in Islamic Azad Comprehensive Universities of Tehran. Therefore, in the present study by literature and background of research, it was conducted to identify the factors influencing the performance evaluation of the university's research field and then by interviewing the experts and specialists of the field of research and performance evaluation and through three stages of coding (open, axial and interpretive), components and indicators of research performance have been identified.

The method of this research is applied development and in terms of performance is phenomenological, and also it has a qualitative approach in terms of data collection. Data collection tools were structured interviews with experts and specialists in research and performance evaluation. The data collection on the purposeful method of snowball sampling has continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. The data or the number of 12 experts has reached theoretical saturation and the data analysis process was carried out using the Corbin's Stross strategy.

The results of structured interview and its analysis in a qualitative manner through three coding stages, showed that evaluation of research performance in Islamic Azad universities affiliated to the three dimensions including: 1-Input with three components (a Component of the role of human resources (including 8 indicators), b) Management role and leadership component (including 5 indicators), C) The component of role of the infrastructure (consisting of 3 indicators), 2- Processes dimension with five components (a  the component of establishing motivation system and appropriate reward in the field of research activity (including 6 indicators), B) the component of knowledge promotion, insights and research skills (including 3 indicators), c) The component morality and observing national and professional values (including 3 indicators), D) the component of innovation, creativity and employment (including 3 indicators), E) The component of the use of collective wisdom, group and participatory activities (consisting of 3 indicators), 3- Results dimension includes a) the research effectiveness component (including 4 indicators), B) The competitive of the research component (consisting of 3 indicators), C)  Income generation component through research (including 3 indicators)  and D) Quantity and quality of activities and products of research (including 4 indicators). In total, triple dimension of research performance evaluation included 12 components and 48 indicators. Since the evaluation of the center of gravity of all policies and strategies of quality improvement is considered to improve the quality of one of the most important measures, and the assessment requires that the index is able to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the organization in addition to determining the efficiency and effectiveness, and provide the ways to resolve existing weaknesses. Findings of this study with a systematic review and considering the local indicators, theoretical and practical approaches to the qualitatively, planners and managers of university to identify the points of improvement in research performance and can be a platform in order to prepare its quality promotion.

Torabi wheat cultivar introduced to iranian wheat breeding program through an international nursery from CIMMIT (28th SAWSN) in 2010 and was evaluated under terminal drought stress implemented from the flowering stage in 2010-2011 cropping season. Then in 2011-2012 cropping season it was tested in the preliminary regional wheat yield trial under terminal drought stress in Karaj and was selected based on its average grain yield of (4878 kgha-1) compared to the average grain yield of (3939 kgha-1) Parsi check cultivar. This cultivar was further studied in the advanced regional wheat yield trial in the temperate regions of the country during 2012-2013 and with average grain yield of 6634 kgha-1 under drought stress condition compared to 6073 and 6768 kgha-1 yields of check cultivars Parsi and Sirvan, respectively, was selected for evaluation in the adaptability and yield stability. The average grain yield of Torabi (line M-92-20) in adaptability experiment during the years 2013-2015 under drought stress conditions was 6516 kgha-1 compared to 6110 kgha-1 of Sirvan check cultivar and 5697 kgha-1 of Parsi check cultivar and also its total grain yield mean was 3% higher than the average grain yields of all genotypes. Due to the resistant reaction of the line M-92-20 to stripe and leaf rust diseases, as well as the early maturity and very good bread making quality, this line was selected for evaluation in the on-farm trials in farmer’s fields. Overall in farmer’s fields, this line had grain yield mean of 8637 kgha-1 under normal irrigation, and 5672 kgha-1 under water deficit conditions compared to the average yield of check cultivars with 6150 kgha-1 under optimal conditions and 5104 kgha-1 under water deficit conditions.

Because of the existing interactions among the variables of a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) nonlinear system, its identification is a difficult task, particularly in the presence of uncertainties. Cement rotary kiln (CRK) is a MIMO nonlinear system in the cement factory with a complicated mechanism and uncertain disturbances. The identification of CRK is very important for different purposes such as prediction, fault detection, and control. In the previous works, CRK was identified after decomposing it into several multiple input-single output (MISO) systems. In this paper, for the first time, the rough-neural network (R-NN) is utilized for the identification of CRK without the usage of MISO structures. R-NN is a neural structure designed on the base of rough set theory for dealing with the uncertainty and vagueness. In addition, a stochastic gradient descent learning algorithm is proposed for training the R-NNs. The simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed methodology.

Dental caries in preschool children impose serious problems on parents and children due to lack of cooperation. Since tea leaves contain fluoride and polyphenol, this study was conducted to compare the effects of green and black tea, and fluoride in preventing demineralization of deciduous teeth enamel.
This experimental study was performed on 40 extracted human deciduous incisors. The teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 and were then placed in distilled water, green tea, black tea and oral sodium fluoride (0.05%) for four minutes in seven consecutive days. Surface microhardness before and after tooth extraction was determined in these four solutions by Micro Vickers Hardness Testing Machine. To cause primary caries, each sample was kept for one week in demineralization solution and the concentrations of the released calcium, phosphorus and fluoride ions were analyzed by spectrophotometric and potentiometric laboratory methods.
FINDINGS: Primary microhardness showed no significant difference between the groups. Secondary microhardness compared to primary microhardness in the two groups of green tea (mean of 317 ± 65.47 to 386 ± 85.42, p = 0.003) and fluoride (mean of 319 ± 71.76 to 446 ± 117.15, p = 0.003) increased significantly. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus ions in the four study groups showed a significant difference after being placed in the demineralization solution (p = 0.001) (p = 0.003). However, this difference was not observed in fluoride concentrations.
The results of this study showed that drinking green tea can increase the microhardness and green and black tea increase the resistance to demineralization of the deciduous teeth enamel.

Resiliency is a construct which has gained attention recently as one of the variables related to human health and well-being, especially for military personnel, more than ever before. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the predictive role of psychological hardiness and tolerance of ambiguity in the resiliency of military forces.
This is a correlational study carried out within the framework of regression. The study population consisted of all the personnel, including the conscripts and the official members, of a military unit. The sample included 263 subjects selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (Kiyumarsi et al., 1998), Budner's Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale (1962), and the Canner-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data.
The results of the analyses revealed that there is a positive relationship between psychological hardiness and tolerance of ambiguity and resiliency among military forces, and these predictive variables can predict and partially explain resiliency variance in military personnel (p Given the findings, it can be maintained that hardiness and tolerance of ambiguity are variables which can partially explain resiliency variance in military personnel, and they can be used to improve military personnel’s resiliency which plays a vital role in their health and efficiency.

In this paper we solve a wide rang of Semidefinite Programming (SDP) Problem by using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).SDP is an important numerical tool for analysis and synthesis in systems and control theory. First we reformulate the problem to a linear programming problem, second we reformulate it to a first order system of ordinary differential equations.Then a recurrent neural network model is proposed to compute related primal and dual solutions simultaneously.Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.

This paper aims to provide a framework for preparing the teachers’ guide for technical and vocational education teachers. Teachers are usually committed to execute the formal curriculum provided by the center of curriculum development in a centralized education system. To design a comprehensive model of the teacher guidance book is the main aim of this research. So, the main question is that: which model and structure could be the best for providing a comprehensive guidance book for teachers?  This is an applied research with the aim as well as a survey by the collection and analysis of the data. Document study and questionnaire were used as research tools. Statistical population of this research was the curriculum developers and expert teachers. 32questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Moreover, three day workshop was implemented for some teachers and the experts in Curriculum development in which the model was discussed and developed. The result of this research is a "teacher guidance book model" which has provided based on the curriculum elements includes seven chapters. First chapter recommends to explain the general subject and foundations of curriculum. Second chapter includes the examination of the structure and content of the curriculum. Third chapter presents a framework for learning opportunities. Chapter four focuses on educational space and materials. Chapter five pays attention to the evaluation methods. Chapter six provides a budget schedule for lessons during the course and finally, chapter seven includes many recommendations for the implementation of the TVET curriculum.

The main purpose of this study is the proper recognition and comprehension of effective factors and the criteria which can affect managers’ decision on capital expenditures in companies listed in T.S.E. First by reviewing theoretical framework and the related literature, independent variables are recognized then, using the data of 81 listed companies in T.S.E between 2001 to 2007 and with the using multi-dimensional analysis a model for capital expenditure changes is utilized. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between cash flow and capital expenditure changes.