j. jamali

 Suboptimal levels of kid survival are the largest contributor to reproductive wastage in goat flocks. This results in substantial loss of production, producer, and industry income, and is increasingly being perceived as poor animal welfare. Improving kid survival is therefore a priority for the industry. Nutrient provision during gestation not only affects maternal status and reproductive performance but also affects prenatal and postnatal offspring growth and health. Although trace minerals (TM) are needed by the body in small amounts, they are essential nutrients for several metabolic functions such as growth, development, reproduction, and immunity. Furthermore, newborn animals are dependent upon their dams for the transfer of these nutrients via the placenta and the mammary gland. The antibodies obtained from colostrum are the only defense mechanism against environmental factors in neonatal ruminants. Inadequate nutrition of the dam, immune system suppression, and stress factors may lead to the production of low-quality colostrum. Management and feeding of high-quality colostrum can reduce kid mortality, strengthen immunity, and increase animal life span. Nutrition affects the development of the mammary gland, the onset of lactogenesis, and colostrum production, either by affecting some of the hormones that control these processes or by contributing nutrients that are in demand at this stage of pregnancy. Selenium plays an important role in preventing impaired function of the immune response. Copper deficiency has been shown to result in lowered bactericidal activities of blood leukocytes in ruminant animals. Zinc sufficiency has also been linked to proper immune functions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of TM injection in late pregnancy on colostrum quality and plasma metabolites of Lori does and their kids.
Thirty Lori mature does with an average body weight of 40 kg and an age of 2-3 years were used. One month before the expected kidding, animals were divided into two groups (n=15 does/group) and randomly assigned to experimental treatments. Experimental treatments were no injection of trace minerals (Control; C) and injection of 1 mL of TM at four and two weeks before expected kidding. Blood samples were taken through the jugular vein. Each mL of TM solution contained 2.5 mg of Cu, 1.25 mg of Se, 5 mg of Mn, and 5 mg of Zn. All does were kept in similar nutritional and managerial conditions from mating to one month before kidding.
Results showed that plasma concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol (TC) tended to be higher and lower in the TM group at day 7 before kidding, respectively (P=0.06). Experimental treatments did not affect plasma triglyceride (TG), Ca, and Mg concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity of does at day 7 before kidding (P>0.05). Whereas, TM injection before mating decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased total protein (TP), BRIX index (BI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant activity at day 7 before kidding (P<0.05). Colostrum of does received TM had a higher fat, protein, and BI content and a lower lactose content than the colostrum of the C group (P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of glucose and MDA were lower in kids born from does received TM than those born from the C group (P<0.05). Experimental treatments did not affect plasma concentrations of TC, Ca, and Mg concentrations in kids (P>0.05). Kids born from does received TM had higher plasma concentrations of TG, TP, BI and SOD, GPX, and total antioxidant activity than those of the C group (P<0.05).
According to the results of the present experiment, injection of a TM solution containing Cu, Zn, Se, and Mn four and two weeks before birth increased the concentrations of TP and BI as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and antioxidant capacity and reduced MDA concentration in Lori goat plasma. This improved the quality of colostrum produced by these does. Kids born from does receiving trace minerals had higher plasma concentrations of TP, BI, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX), higher total antioxidant capacity, and lower concentrations of MDA compared to the C group. Therefore, this strategy may have beneficial effects on the health, viability, and performance of kids before weaning.

Implementing a proper integration scheme plays an important role in the performance of integrated navigation systems. Not only does employing a more reliable estimation method improve the accuracy of the integrated navigation system, but this can lead to a more robust solution in the presence of different types of uncertainties. Implementing an integration scheme that has a robust and simple structure is a challenging issue in the design of integrated navigation systems. By inspiring from the concept of PID control, this paper proposes a robust integration scheme for aided inertial navigation systems in the presence of aiding sensor measurement uncertainties. The proposed filter combines the concept of proportional-integral-derivative control theory and the standard Kalman filter estimator to improve the performance of the integration scheme. Thanks to the integral and derivative parts added to the proposed scheme, the integrated system attains a faster and more robust solution in the presence of observation errors and uncertainties. The simulation case studies validate the superior efficacy and capability of the proposed scheme compared to the integration method based on the standard Kalman filter.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Coronavirus anxiety and academic procrastination of Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty undergraduate students.

This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on the 2nd to 8th-semester undergraduate students (nursing, midwifery, operating room, and medical emergencies) of Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty who participated in the virtual education sessions from August 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. The research tools were three electronic questionnaires; demographic questionnaire, Coronavirus Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and Solomon & Rothblum Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software through correlation coefficient tests.

Academic procrastination had a significant correlation with coronavirus anxiety (r=0.317; p<0.01), psychological symptoms (r=0.335; p<0.01), and physical symptoms (r=0.244; p<0.01). Coronavirus anxiety significantly correlated with procrastination in preparing a project at a certain time (r=0.2; p<0.05), studying for exams (r=0.291; p<0.01), and regular and weekly study of lessons and doing homework (r=0.413; p<0.01).

Coronavirus anxiety is an important factor that causes academic procrastination and decreases learning.

MS is a disease of the central nervous system in which the body makes a defensive attack on its tissues. The disease can affect the brain and spinal cord and cause a wide range of potential symptoms, including balance, motor and vision problems. MRI and FMRI images are a very important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of MS. The aim of the present study was to determine and diagnose early diagnosis of MS in MRI images of the brain using deep learning techniques.

The present experimental study was conducted at Kazerun Azad University in 2020. 1000 images were from BRATS data sets and in the two groups of learning and testing, 70 to 30% were included in the study and a deep four-layer deep learning network based on the network. Convulsive neuralgia is simulated in MATLAB environment. In the deep learning structure, which itself had the ability to extract features, we used another method to do so. For the reason that deep learning, although capable of extracting features was also conducted by chance. In order for the previous steps to be definite, the researchers used another algorithm inside the iteration loops and inside the torsion layer to reduce the dimensions of the feature during the training, secondly to select the best features and thirdly to extract the features definitively.1000 MRI images of BRATS data set in the two groups of learning and testing in the ratio of 70 to 30% were included in the study. A four-layer deep learning network based on convolutional neural network is simulated in MATLAB environment. In the deep learning structure, which had ability itself to extract features, another method was used to do this. For the reason that deep learning has the ability to extract features, but did so randomly. In order for the previous steps to be definitive, another algorithm was used inside the iterative loops and inside the torsion layer to reduce the dimensions of the feature during the training, secondly to select the best features and thirdly to extract the features definitively.

The graphical representation of the ROC curve indicated that the degree of sensitivity or correct prediction against incorrect prediction in this binary classification system in which the separation threshold varies was significant. The area below this curve was 0.8592 and the accuracy of the proposed method was 98.6891 and the sensitivity was 94.8766.

Due to the prevalence of MS disease, early diagnosis and presentation of an intelligent method based on fMRI imaging is essential for treatment. This intelligent method tries to be able to help diagnose and treat more accurately, better identify the features and patterns affecting the disease than previous methods as a physician assistant. Finally, the results obtained from the present study revealed that the efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated at an excellent level and showed its optimality as much as possible. In addition, the obtained results indicated the speed of training and testing of data in high volume and fast convergence of the algorithm. It is correspondingly easier to expand and generalize.

Due to the high rate of repeat cesarean complications, the previous cesarean section mothers need to change their behavior on the mode of birth. Counseling can be effective in changing mothers' behavior. This study assesses the effect of individual counseling based on the Fogg model on this behavior.

In a randomized clinical trial, 62 pregnant cesarean section mothers in Mashhad Health Centers in 2020 were randomly entered into intervention and control groups. Two individual counseling based on Fogg's behavior model in 28-30 weeks of pregnancy for 45-60 minutes and one online session in Telegram channel in the intervention group were presented. The control group had routine care. Data were collected by personnel and obstetric questionnaire and Fogg's behavior model checklist to assess the intention to choose vaginal birth after cesarean at the beginning, two and four weeks after the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS 25.

There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of Fogg's questionnaire between the two groups (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in choosing vaginal birth after cesarean in the counseling group before and after the intervention (p<0.05) and also the rate of intention to choose between two groups after the intervention (p<0.05).

The significant increase in planning to choose vaginal birth after cesarean section in the counseling group based on the Fogg model indicates this approach can be used in counseling to choose vaginal birth after cesarean section and other methods.

Obtaining informed consent from patients, which is the basis of medical ethics and the most basic rights of patients, requires compliance with the conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of informed consent of patients admitted to angiography in selected hospitals of Mashhad in 2020 from the perspective of patients and physicians.

This study has a descriptive-cross-sectional design. First, by examining the texts, the quality indicators of obtaining informed consent were extracted and a questionnaire for patients and physicians was compiled. Questionnaire was developed and validated to assess the views of patients and physicians in this field. Then, 10 doctors who had the most angiography in the selected hospitals of Imam Reza (AS) and Ghaem (AS), were randomly selected the questionnaire for doctors and 30 patients for each physician, and completed the questionnaire of the patients.

Physicians 'questionnaire with 11 questions and 4 dimensions and patients' questionnaire with 22 questions and 6 dimensions were developed. The answers in each question were scored as a Likert scale from very low (1) to very high (5) and the average score of each dimension was determined. In evaluating the quality of informed consent, the highest score from the perspective of patients and physicians was related to the dimension of "physician- patient interaction". The mean score was 2/94 in the evaluation of patients and 3/8 in the self-assessment of physicians. A significant relationship was found between the level of education of patients and the dimensions of understanding and volunteering (p ≤0/05). Informed consents were obtained before the day of admission to the treating physician and after providing the necessary explanations by the physician, effective communication training workshop for residents and physicians and explaining the legal, religious, therapeutic aspects, etc. Delfi was emphasized.

In all respects, the score of the patient's evaluation was less than the desired level also lower than the score of the physicians' self-assessment. It is suggested that the proposed solutions be used in the way of obtaining satisfaction.

Psychological distress is one of the minor psychiatric disorders that can be used as a predictor of serious mental illnesses such as depressive and anxiety disorders. These disorders are predictors of death from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress and its related factors.

This descriptive- analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. The study population included 1103945 subjects aged 18-65 years old that presented to the health centers of Khorasan Razavi.  In this study, demographic checklists and the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6) were used.

The prevalence of psychological distress was 10.10%. The mean age of the subjects was 35.99 ± 10.46 years old, 62.10% were female, 86% were married, and 78.90% had a high school education or less. The response rate was 98.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between psychological distress and age, gender, marital status, education, location, and occupation.

In this study, the prevalence of psychological distress was low. According to the odds ratio (OR), divorced women, illiterate women, housewives, and big city dwellers were high-risk groups for psychological distress. Considering the relatively large sample size, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies for prevention and treatment, and training of these groups.

During the pressure vessels' operating life, several flaws are likely to grow in long-term operations under cyclic loading. It is therefore essential to take practical and predictive measures to prevent catastrophic events to take place. Fitness for service (FFS) is one safety procedure that is used to deal with maintenance of components in the petroleum industry. In this method, proposed in Codes of practices such as API 579 and BSI 7910, in certain cases, an overly conservative safety prediction is obtained when applied to the operation of pressure vessel containing surface fatigue crack growth. By using improved analytical techniques as well as nonlinear finite element methods critical cracks lengths may be derived more accurately thus reducing conservatism. In this paper, a specific pressure vessel analyzed for fitness for service, which sees fatigue crack growth rate, is assessed using analytical and numerical stress intensity factors. The estimated fatigue life is compared with both methods. It is found that both approaches give similar predictions within a range of scatter assuming that the fatigue properties used are the same in both cases. However, it can be said that the numerical approach gave the more conservative predictions suggesting a detailed analysis is always preferable in FFS examinations.