javad biglari

After the arrival of modern ideas and new western civilization to Iran, some intellectuals sought to create modern national foundations at the cost of de-religiousizing Iranian thought. But another group called religious intellectuals sought to present new models of religion and modernity in order to establish a link between the two. This group was looking for a new interpretation of religion and in fact looking for modern Islam; Islam that can advance Iran's society in the modern era and cause Iran's political development. This group of intellectuals led the project of Islamic Protestantism. This group turned to the ideology of political Islam and their goal was to revive Islam as a social and political system against the western liberal system. This class of intellectuals were looking for a political and modernist interpretation of Islam and the establishment of the Islamic social system. Dr. Ali Shariati and Abdul Karim Soroush are two representatives of Iran's intellectuals who believed that a religious foundation is needed in order to achieve political development despite the contradictions in some views. In this research, the question raised is, what was the point of view of religious intellectuals in the political development of Iran? In response to the above question, the hypothesis was raised that religious intellectuals, considering the vital role of religion in the culture of our country, led the project of Islamic Protestantism and sought to present new models of religion and modernity and the link between the two in order to achieve political development. In this article, the theory of political development and the explanatory method are used to achieve political development through the link between religion and modernity, and the purpose of the research is to show the key role of religion and ideology in the process of modernity and political development of Iran.

North, as one of the neo-institutionalists, has discussed how to transition from the social systems with limited access to the open access systems by emphasizing the issue of violence in the development of societies. Now the question is, what characteristics do the political and economic organizations in Iran benefit from and at what level can the government's relationship with them be explained? In response to the above question, the hypothesis was raised that after the victory of the revolution and in different governments due to the adoption of different policies, the transition towards open access systems has faced ups and downs. In this article, using the explanatory method, the indicators of the diamond of governance such as official political and economic institutions, the ruling coalition and the sources of rent have been investigated in the transition process of this country.

Due to the authority of celebrities for the citizens,this group has been reflecting people's concerns through social networks in recent years in order to attract more fans and gain more credibility.However,reflecting the needs of the society on the part of the stars required meddling in matters outside their specialized field such as politics,economy and etc,and this created challenges and obstacles in the process of political development and in the process of democratization.The question is,what place have celebrities played in the political development of Iran after the Islamic Revolution?In response to the mentioned question,the hypothesis was raised that due to the influence of figures and the celebrity of politics in the Iran,this group can pose challenges in the process of political development.The purpose of this research is to show the position of artists in weakening the process of political development and celebritization of politics.The findings of the research indicate that the interventions of artists in various political-social issues may bring positive and superficial results in the future,but ultimately it will lead to results that will disrupt the process of political development and democratization.This article is presented with reference to documents and library resources and qualitative method of analytical-descriptive type.

After Mohammad Reza Pahlavi came to power, extensive efforts were made to develop and modernize the country; But in this way, many groups and strata were opposed to the Shah's policies. Therefore, in order to achieve his goals, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi suppressed and marginalized the opposition groups through the coup d'etat of August 28, 1943. After the coup, the military assumed a large and exclusive role in the political structure and the imperial cabinet in order to achieve the great goals and civilization that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi sought. The question here is that given the development in the economic, social, military fields, why did different people and groups oppose the policies of the Shah and finally the revolution? The findings of the study indicate that the reason for the formation of these oppositions and ultimately the revolution, the dissatisfaction of people and various groups with the Shah's rule and authoritarianism, the lack of proper implementation of elites in the political structure and failure to delegate social and political responsibilities to Other elite groups. In this article, he uses the theory of elitism and explanatory and causal methods to understand the causes of dissatisfaction among other elite groups and the purpose of this study is to show the lack of proper replacement of elite groups in the political structure and ultimately the internal crisis and the fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

Today the opponents for overthrew the governments,spread fake news and make the atmosphere of the society tense to reduce the political participation of citizens in elections and threaten national security.They do Now the question is, what are the security risks of social networks playing a role in elections? In response to the above question, the hypothesis was raised that the use of social networks by the opponents in the election process can lead to a change in the voting behavior of citizens and as a result threaten national security.In this article, a combined theoretical framework is used to show the role of social networks in elections, and an explanatory method is used to identify the security harms of the presence of social networks in elections.This research has been done with the aim of investigating the social-political consequences of the security damage of the role-playing of social networks in the elections.

since the economic reforms in China in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, the country has experienced increasing growth. So that many international organizations such as the OECD and theorists such as Rachman believe that the world's economic center of gravity has shifted to the east and the southern countries under the leadership of China, and this country will challenge the hegemony of the United States seriously faced; But according to the research findings and the views of some political economy theorists such as Kiely, since China's growth is based on mass production and the export of assembled goods, this country has not experienced the technological development that makes other countries dependent on it, and China continues to plays the role of a peripheral state in the international division of labor, which is dependent on industrialized countries, and the concepts of center-periphery are still important and practical. the question is, what are China's economic challenges in becoming a hegemony? In response to the above question, the hypothesis was raised that considering Beijing's problems and economic dependence on industrialized countries, especially Europe and USA, it is impossible for China to achieve hegemony. In this article, the dependency school theory is used to show the lack of independence of China's economy from the central and industrialized countries, and we will use the explanatory method to show the China challenges . The purpose of this research is to point out the peripheral role of China in the international division of labor despite its economic growth.

Two fundamental goals are followed in this paper: 1- Active neotectonics of the Kopeh Dagh Mountains particularly in its central part that is called the Bakharden-Quchan Zone in NE Iran for special features of faulting and role of faults within this zone in the collision between Arabia-Eurasia plates. 2- Seismicity hazards of faulting to recognize the relationship between asperities and earthquakes through analyzing the correlation of fractal dimension and b-value parameters. The Kopeh Dagh Mountain is accommodating a large portion of northward motion of central Iran with respect to Eurasia, involving a major right- lateral strike-slip fault system in its central part (the Bakharden-Quchan Zone). This fault system corresponds to the northeastern boundary of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and can be considered to be a lithospheric scale tectonic feature. The Kopeh Dagh Mountain forms a linear intercontinental fold-thrust belt trending NW-SE between the stable Turan platform and central Iran (Afshar Harb, 1979; Hollingsworth et al., 2006; Shabanian et al., 2009; Shahidi et al., 2013).

This research uses both historical and instrumental seismicity data along with observations from Landsat 7 satellite imageries, topographic data (SRTM), field observations and mathematical fractal dimension (D) model plus integral mathematical functions to find a logical correlation between tectonic movements, asperities and earthquakes in different active zones.

There is an array of active right-lateral strike-slip faults in the central part of the Kopeh Dagh Mountain which obliquely cut the range and produce offsets of several Kilometers in the geological structures. These faults all end in thrusting and link to blind faults, revealed by the uplifts and incision of the Late Quaternary terraces. These faults have rotated around their vertical axes and can account for several Kilometers of the N-S shortening. They are responsible for major destructive earthquakes in both 19th and 20th centuries and represent important seismic hazards for populous regions of NE Iran. These faults also require several Kilometers along-strike extension that is taken up by the westward component of motion between south Caspian sea basin, Shahrood fault system and both Eurasia and central Iran (Hollingsworth et al., 2006; Shabanian et al., 2009; Bretis et al., 2012).

The Bakharden-Quchan faults have identifiable ends, where they turn into thrusting and link to blind faults. The fault changing mechanism to reverse has caused increase of stress, shortening by thrusting in their end bending. Structural relation faults between this zone and the Binaloud Mountain through Meshkan transfer zone which is the major motion engine of this zone to put it constantly under neotectonic stresses for convergence of Arabia-Eurasia plates since the last Alpine orogeny phase. Most of the seismic activities of this zone could provide us with precious data on crust tension distribution through microseismic and computing parameters of b-value, fractal dimension (D) and mapping of local stresses. In neotectonic active zone b.

The most seismic activities have observed around and along major fault systems of this zone in NE Iran that involving of an array active right lateral-strike slip faults have distributed by trending NW-SE. neotectonic activity and mechanism changing of faults to reverse trusting faults have caused to increase stress, shortening and increasing seismicity with high density of earthquakes in their ends bending. Structural relation faults between this zone and Binaloud through Meshkan thrusting-transfer zone which is major motion engine of Bakharden-Quchan zone to put it constantly under neotectonic stresses convergence of Arabia-Eurasia plates since last phase Alpine orogeny. In this paper Fractal analysis through box counting method has done and D values change between 0-2. If D closes to zero, faults an earthquakes are focusing in a point with high tension and if D closes to 2 is shown low tension, dispersal faults and earthquakes in whole of region. Both surface/volume fractal dimension distribution show higher seismicity activity in Central and Western parts of Kopeh Dagh in NE Iran.

The Bakharden-Quchan Faulted Zone is located in central Part of thrusted -folding belt of kopeh Dagh in NE border of Iran-Turkmenistan with array of active right lateral  strike-slip faults by trending NW-SE that their ends have bent to joint blind faults in thrusts. Mechanism changing faults to reverse have caused to increase stress, shortening by thrusting in their ends bending. Most of the historical and instrumental earthquakes have distributed around faulted system of Bakharden-Quvhan Zone. Seismicity results of this zone with micro-seismics and computing parameters of b-value, fractal dimension (D) and mapping of local stresses distribution could have achieved us precious data on crust tension distribution, mechanism faults and system fault changes during time and place of probable occurrence future earthquakes. In neo-tectonic active zone b < 0/6 to 1/1 and D changes between zero to 2. If b< 0/6 and D closes to zero, faults and earthquakes will concentrate in asperities with high rate of stress but if b> 0/6 and D closes to 2 faults and earthquakes will scatter in whole of zone with low rate of stress. Occurrence of major earthquakes are not far away expectation in edge of asperities although there is a possibility that they gradually loss energy to get inactive because the seismology way of releasing energy in these faults is, when group of faults approach to motion threshold are increased b-values and other group of faults are accumulating energy, so their b-values are decreased

After the rise of Justice and Development Party led by Recep Tayyip Erdogan in 2003, Extensive efforts were made to reduce Kemalist values and the military's influence in Turkey's political structure through reforms and democratization of society as well as Turkey's accession to the European Union. Doing so created concerns in the military that eventually led to the unsuccessful coup in 2016. The coup provided a good basis for changing the political structure of Turkey through the constitutional referendum in 2017, which eventually led to Erdogan's increasing power in Turkey's new political structure. The question that comes up in this paper is that despite the lack of support of the people and the political parties to the coup, why after the constitutional amendment the critics of some political parties and Turkish citizens have been extended to Erdogan's ruling party? In response to the above question, the hypothesis is that Erdogan's authoritarian policies, which ultimately will lead to weakening the democratic process in the country has been caused such dissatisfaction. This paper uses the crisis theory of legitimacy and the explanatory approach to illustrate Turkey's political restructuring and the authoritarianism of the leader of Justice and Development Party.

In this paper fundamental goal is discussed about tectonic activities and survey role of different factors of forming and deformations to understand better about origin of morphotectonic of land forms occurring to reveal geomorphological patterns in the Bakharden-Quchan zone in the context of Arabia-Eurasia collision (Berberian, 1976; Lybris and Manby, 1999; Shabanian, 2009).  

This paper uses of satellite images observations from Landsat 7, topographic data (SRTM), GIS and GPS data, geology and topographic maps, field observations of the morphotectonic landforms to clarify the active tectonics in the Bakharden-Quchan zone.  

In this zone there is an array active right lateral-strike slip fault that they obliquely have cut the range and produced offsets of several Kms in the geological structures. These faults have identifiable ends, where they turn into thrust and link to blind faults mechanism changing of faults to revers have caused shortening by thrusting in their ends bending. Through convergence of Arabia-Eurasia plates have put constantly under neotectonic activities this zone since last phase of Alpine orogeny. Morphotectonic features have revealed by uplifts, deformations, ruptures and incision of late Quaternary traces, displacement of channel this sections, shear and displacement of Quaternary alluvial fan deposits. There faults have rotated anti clockwise around their vertical axes to cause several Kms of NS shortening. They also require of several Kms along strike extension that is taken by the westward component of motion between south Caspian Sea basin, Shahrood Fault system and both Eurasia and central Iran (Hollingsworth, 2006: Bretis and Conrady, 2012). 

The most important results of this paper is the identification of an array of active right lateral-strike slip faults which are almost certainly responsible for major destructive earthquakes in both historical and modern. All of these faults have ended where they turn into thrusts and link to blind faults. Mechanism changing of these faults to reverse of caused to increase stress, shortening by thrusting in their ends bending and their neotectonic activities create different morphotectonic features in Bakharden-Quchan zone particulary along the Qhuchan and Baghan-Garmab faults that there are enough morphotectonic evidences (Tchalenko, 1975; Masson et al., 2007; Shabanian, 2009).