javad mohammadzadeh

Personality is one of the main elements in the structure of a novel; because this element participates in its events, whether negatively or positively, and it is one of the narrative techniques on which the novel is based and is considered a factor of its success, distinction, and immortality. Among the types of personalities, the role of the hero or protagonist, as the most prominent element, also excites and stimulates the reader's emotions throughout the novel and creates synergy and convergence with the audience. The actions of the novel are centered on the protagonist's role, to the extent that it overlaps with other influential characters; therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the components of the protagonist's personality and to recognize its dimensions in Rabee Jaber's novel "Al-I'tirafat" based on Eysenck's personality theory, using a library method and relying on a descriptive-analytical method. A novel whose events revolve around "Maroun," a character who experienced the Lebanese civil war and reveals his inner conflicts from which he suffers. The main goal of this article is to examine the typology of the character of "Confessions" based on this theory, a theory that analyzes and examines temperaments in three types of introverted, psychotic, and neurotic. These three dimensions provide a framework that enables us to understand personality traits and encourages us to better reveal their complexities. The achievement of the research indicates that due to the tense atmosphere derived from the Lebanese civil war, the presence of the main and influential character of the novel has a shaky and abnormal identity and is faced with an internal and identity crisis that has no fate other than darkness and misery. Based on Eysenck's personality theory, the index of neuroticism and introversion has the highest frequency compared to other components, such as extroversion and psychosis, which play an enigmatic role. The most important signs of neuroticism are imbalance in behavior, mental confusion caused by past bitter events, confession of guilt or remorse, and signs of introversion, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness or constant inferiority in daily life, and signs of psychosis include lack of concentration, memory weakness, and stagnation and lack of adaptation to environmental changes.

One of the most distinctive features of the Qur’anic text, setting it apart from other literary texts, is the elegance of words. This elegance arises from the precise selection of vocabulary, where each word is carefully placed in perfect harmony with its counterparts. Accordingly, this study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the degree of coherence and harmony between words and meaning in verse 186 of Surah Al-Baqarah (Qur’an 2) from a stylistic perspective. The research aims to highlight how phonetic, syntactic, rhetorical, lexical, and conceptual elements contribute to conveying the meaning more effectively. The findings indicate that at the phonetic level, soft consonants (whispered sounds) prevail over voiced ones, creating harmony between the wording of the verse and its theme of supplication (du'a). For indeed the term du'a (supplication) means a soft, low voice, indicating that Almighty God commands His servants to call upon Him with complete humility and submission—privately and in secrecy—sincerely and without ostentation. At the syntactic level, the use of techniques such as inversion (bringing forward elements that normally come later), descriptive predicates, and the repetition of the conditional particle idha instead of in serves to reinforce emphasis, certainty, and conviction in the conveyed meaning. The most prominent rhetorical feature in this verse is a representational metaphor, which engages the mind and appeals to the senses, reinforcing the intended message. Ultimately, this verse highlights the servant’s utmost need for his Lord in supplication, which represents one of the highest forms of devotion.

This article examines the views of two poets, Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī and Khāqāni Shervani, towards women. Abū al-ʿAlā was a blind poet known for his pessimism, which led to his anger towards material life and its people, particularly women. In contrast, Khāqāni, a Persian poet recognized for the complexity of his lyrics and hidden meanings, is also noted for his pessimism; some researchers consider him one of the most pessimistic Persian poets regarding women. The issue of women occupies a central place in the poetry of both poets. Despite their negative views, they attribute significant positive roles to women, especially as mothers, elevating them from a state of inferiority to one filled with passion, love, and sublime spiritual feelings. This article aims to reveal the portrayal of women in the poetry of Al-Maʿarrī and Khaqani. This distinctive topic is central to their work and has been explored through a descriptive-analytical approach. The article follows the American School of Comparative Literature, seeking to identify similarities and differences in how both poets view women as mothers, daughters, wives, and lovers. It highlights the private and public motivations that have shaped their often hostile perspectives towards women. The conclusion suggests that both poets do not harbor hostility towards mothers; rather, they see them as sanctuaries providing comfort. However, regarding daughters, both express relief at their burial or death, albeit for different reasons. Overall, the lyrical themes in both poets' works are somewhat limited by their reliance on traditional meanings. The poetic landscape during their time did not allow for new interpretations; however, Khāqāni appears to have drawn more from lyrical meanings compared to Al-Maʿarrī.

For a long time, facing audiences with different ideologies, there is a need to master language skills, which should be crystallized in the form of communication strategies, so that the resistance and rebelliousness of the audience turns into obedience and persuasion. Therefore, language is a tool that, in addition to the capability of communicating and creating beauty, seeks to persuade and surprise the audience with an argumentative and protest mechanism. Persuasion is the purposeful language trick with communication mechanisms and strategies to organize specific behavior in discourse making. Therefore, the discourse maker tries to change the attitude and behavior of others by using linguistic strategies as one of the key components of soft power, and achieve specific goals by choosing diverse communication patterns and codified verbal styles.In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate and analyze the salient dimensions of the Prophet's rhetorical ability with a novel style through qualitative studies using a descriptive-analytical method, and to explain the hegemonic use of the Prophet's political language with regard to the context of the situation in which the existing political crises and social problems provide valuable and unique help. The Prophet (PBUH) has faced many challenges in deconstructing people's beliefs and habits. For this reason, he uses various strategies to persuade and guide the audience, one of the most important of which is affecting the audience. In contemporary linguistics, the applied dimension of language has a wide scope, and its argumentative aspect is considered a basic condition in discourse creation. Paying attention to the issue of what linguistic strategies the speaker chooses to attract and persuade the audience is one of the most basic strategies of applied linguistics and one of the important goals of this research. Since the sermon is one of the most prominent communication channels of the Prophet (PBUH) or others, it is full of arguments that are expressed with political, social, and cultural approaches. Due to the wide range of language strategies, this descriptive-analytical research with emphasis on library resources, in addition to expressing the beauty-creating and visual aspects of language, discussed its lexical, rhetorical, original ability, and logical analogy and examined its persuasive function in political and social fields. Although explaining the completeness of the linguistic and miraculous personality of the Prophet (PBUH) with human knowledge and human understanding is incomplete, it is considered to be the only progressive way to match his words and deeds.The present research seeks to answer the following three research questions:What language mechanisms did the Prophet (PBUH) use to persuade the audience?How is the course of political persuasion of the Prophet (PBUH) affected by the capacity of rhetorical language?How does the Prophet (PBUH) use textual similarities to persuade in transnational communication?The results showed that considering the importance of persuasion and its impact on the audience, the Prophet (PBUH) used this art of communication more than other communication strategies in political speeches and discourses, because it has more acceptance and public favor, and its communication methods are internal. In addition, it has close contact with the conscience and nature of the audience, and its result will not be accompanied by doubts. The strategy of persuasion was designed as a pre-written and managed process in the political discourses of the Prophet (PBUH) to achieve a policy and control the situation. In addition, it was used as a specific way to solve political problems.As a master of language, the Prophet (PBUH) optimally used linguistic tools and communication arts, rhetoric, and logic for persuasion to propagate religion and explain the political mission, in order to provide guidance and direction to the audience. Therefore, today politicians come to the conclusion that in order to persuade in the political and cultural arenas, one should take advantage of the language ability according to the interests of the audience.The most important strategy of Islam is to observe the principle of moderation in politics. Therefore, in the persuasive argument, in addition to his rhetorical ability that targets the emotions and feelings of the audience, the Prophet (PBUH) used his intertextuality politically and logically to provide the ground for awakening the thoughts of specific audiences. By adopting special communication strategies such as the art of persuasion, the Prophet (PBUH) succeeded in solving the social, political, and cultural knots of the target society.The approach of the communication mechanisms of the Prophet (PBUH) is to express clearly and simply. However, according to the context of the situation, he uses suggestive expressions in the form of metaphor, irony, and simile in political discourses.

With the exponentially increasing volume of online data, searching and finding required information have become an extensive and time-consuming task. Recommender systems as a subclass of information retrieval and decision support systems by providing personalized suggestions helping users access what they need more efficiently. Among the different techniques for building a recommender system, Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the most popular and widespread approach. However, cold start and data sparsity are the fundamental challenges ahead of implementing an effective CF-based recommender. Recent successful developments in enhancing and implementing Deep Learning architectures motivated many studies to propose Deep Learning-based solutions for solving the recommenders' weak points. In this research, unlike the past similar works about using Deep Learning architectures in recommender systems that covered different techniques generally, we specifically provide a comprehensive review of Deep Learning-based CF recommender systems. This in-depth filtering gives a clear overview of the level of popularity, gaps, and ignored areas on leveraging Deep Learning techniques to build CF-based systems as the most influential recommenders.

 Nanomolecular network is used as a new connection pattern in nanomachines. These connections are possible using biological components in the environment. The molecular communications have important drawbacks, such as very low capacity or the need to deploy a complex infrastructure. One of the most effective approaches for this purpose is using bacteria to carry encrypted message among nanomachines.

 The current research examines effective routing in bacterial communication nano networks based on changing the distance between nanomachines. The aim of this research is to develop routing capability for bacterial communication nano networks. For this purpose, two intrinsic characteristics of bacteria, including chemotaxis and conjugation, have been used. In order to analyze the efficiency of message delivery, simulation was done for several different topologies. The purpose of simulation in different forms of topology is to investigate the effect of changing the distance between nanomachines and also the connection process in order to improve message delivery.

The results of this research showed that in the number of successful messages delivered to the destination for longer distances, it can be seen that topology 2 performs better. The comparison of the number of connections made at different distances for all three investigated topologies showed that with the increase in the number of bacteria in All three topologies increase the number of connections made, but in different intervals in terms of the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that the number of connections decreases as the distance increases due to the reduction of the effect field of the chemical adsorbent, which is needed to direct the movement of the bacteria.
By examining and evaluating the simulation results for the average delay of the messages reached to the destination by changing the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that for all three topologies, with the increase in the number of bacteria, the average delay decreases, and with the increase in the distance between the nanomachines, the average delay also decreases. It can be seen that topology 2 has the lowest latency in terms of average latency for longer distances.

 By increasing the distance among nanomachines, the number of received messages at the destination decreases as well. One of the topologies results in better average latency in longer distances compared to the others, because of the hollow center in this topology.

One of the categories of imagery in language is metonymy. In fact, metonymy is an artistic and indirect interpretation of various topics, by using which the meanings and abstract themes are transferred to the mind of the audience in an artistic and effective way. On the other hand, the Holy Qur'an has also used many artistic images to guide mankind, one of which is pictorial and poetic metonymies to make abstract concepts concrete through imagery. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to deal with the issue of using visual, imaginary, and poetic metonymies as an artistic technique, which is one of the special features in the formation of the structure of the verses of the Holy Qur'an. This research followed a descriptive-analytical approach and cited Qur'anic evidence to examine the structure of metonymy (visual, imaginary, and poetic) in the Holy Qur'an. The results revealed that the frequency of visual metonymies is higher compared to other metonymies. Moreover, the primary meaning of all pictorial metonymies has concrete examples, but the primary meaning of imaginary metonymies cannot be realized in the real world. All these metonymies are of the adjective type and sometimes they evoke meaning allegorically, which is called poetic metonymy.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. In most cases, it can be treated if the disease is detected earlier. One way to diagnose cancer is to use microarray data, which, unlike imaging, does not contain harmful rays to humans. Microarrays have many genes that complicate and take time to analyse, so selecting useful genes is one of the key steps in diagnosing the disease. The proposed method in this paper has two main phases, the first of which is the selection of effective genes. In the next phase, the disease is diagnosed from the selected genes by the first phase. In the past, many algorithms such as Ridge have been proposed for this purpose, which according to the results of experiments, the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is superior to them. In this paper, leukaemia and colon cancer datasets are used as input and evaluation of the proposed method. The precision of the proposed method for locating genes and diagnosing leukaemia and colorectal cancer is 97.62% and 92.31%, respectively. The results obtained from this method compared to other existing methods in terms of precision in the leukaemia dataset 2.39% and in the colorectal cancer dataset 5.62% improved; It is also easier to access and less expensive than biological experiments.

In modern semantic studies, the diverse and unique possibilities of different languages are considered as one of the criteria of linguistic superiority in another language. the phenomenon of "implication" is a stylistic phenomenon that is recognized as normal by deviating from the syntax of the language. So, translation of these words is of particular importance which will be discussed in this article to the methodology of the types of language and critical of some translators in the Nahj al-Balagha. In the translation of language, paying attention to the syntax and rhetorical aspect is of particular importance and among the various methods of translation, the method (meaning) can be The most appropriate way to translate alternative words, Because, in the translation of these words in addition to the rotation means, should be considered the implication of meaning. This article, through descriptive-analytical, try to check the exact meaning of the alternation and issues related to it in the most significant contemporary translations, and the requirements of its translation in the Nahj al-Balagha. Studies show that in many cases, an exact match to mention all the semantic components not selected for the words " language" in Persian translations while considering the context and respecting syntax rules can help the translator in the selection of the exact equivalences of the words.

In this research, charisma has been measured at different levels of online social networks including charisma at the level of messages, individuals, and communities. First, the charisma-associated features have been extracted and then weighted by hybrid proposed methods. Eventually, measuring and ranking charisma has been investigated through technique for order preference by similarity to ideal situation (TOPSIS) as one of the leading multi-criteria decision-making methods. Through the proposed approach, the charisma of different messages, individuals, as well as implicit and explicit communities can be measured, ranked, and compared. In this research, eight datasets were collected from Twitter with different and diverse features. The results indicated that the charismatic messages and individuals of each dataset have been chosen properly and logically. Further, a method has been presented to measure the rate of charisma in every community which can be employed for comparing communities and predicting behavior in online communities.

Communities in social networks form with different purposes and play a significant role in interpersonal interactions. Analysis of virtual communities indicates a more precise understanding of the behaviours and desires of individuals in social networks. In this paper, new measures have been proposed for analyzing implicit and explicit communities in Online Social Networks (OSNs). The measures of “potential value of the community members” and “value of the community messages”, which are used for calculating the measure of “community value” are among the most important measures introduced in this paper. Another measure introduced is “user influence rate” in a community, which represents the contribution of a person in creating value in a community. To provide a sound dataset, we collected the information from several real implicit communities in Twitter based on different hashtags. Finally, the suggested measures have been analyzed and compared statistically and behaviourally across different communities. The results of this research well indicate the importance and practicality of the measures introduced in Community analysis of Twitter.

Tanāwub and syntactic taḍmīn are regarded as two norm-evading terms in the standard language syntactic. Tanāwub means a word leaving its main meaning for another meaning, but syntactic taḍmīn means a single verb intermixing two meanings in itself; one meaning is obtained through wording and the other through the evidences existing in the sentence and its main benefit is brevity in wording and inclusiveness in meaning. Among various translation methods, the semantic translation is the most suitable method for translating such terms. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research is intended to examine the exact meaning of tanāwub and syntactic taḍmīnand the relevant problems as well as studying them in the most eminent contemporary translations and the requisites of their translation in the Holy Qur’an. Surveys show that in most cases no accurate equivalent mentioning all semantic components has been designated for the term mutināwib (alternative) in the Persian translations.

Defamiliarization is one of the important phenomena in stylistics researches that focuses on the literary text language as something opposed to whatever is normal and usual. The present article studies this phenomen in the poem of Izz al-Din al- Manāsara within a descriptive-analytic method. The article intend to show beauties of defamiliarization and its manifestations in the poems of this poet. The results of the article show that the semantic defamiliarization is more frequent and the poet has been able to create an unkown and inspirating link between the signifier and signified by use of paradox and synesthesia. But the manifestations of defamiliarization in the syntactic layer are presented in the form hysteron proteron and parenthetical sentences. In phonetic layer, the amalgamation of taf?ils (prosodic paradigms) and use of phonotactics have been frequent. The poet embarked in abnormality by use of writing the words separately, giving a ladder-like shape to the poems lines and application of writing signs and deletion in writing structure. The most important form of abnormality in stylistic layer is the use of slangs within elegant words. Although the aesthetics of the use of defamiliarization application in general depends on its context of use, attracts the addressee's attention.

This article is investigated and analyzed one of the deviation linguistic phenomena in the Quran, Means " phenomenon of alternation " from the perspective of stylistics and has stated the effect of linguistic context and position in the diagnosis and interpretation of the phenomenon of alternation, through the expression of deep cycle types and meanings associated with it.Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the emergence of the phenomenon of alternation and its variants and thus discover the hidden meanings that can be reached with the help of contexts. In this way, select holy surat AL-Anaam and after we consider its verses as well as several reading about it has become clear to us that the phenomenon of alternation high frequency alternation in the surat, so that the its high frequency in the surat and its escape of the rules of syntax and rhetoric Has made this phenomenon has become a way of style in Surat, So that The result of comparisons show that the alternation in verbs especially the verbs that placed within meaning other verbs the highest frequency is the frequency in comparison with other types of alternation and also became clear that the linguistic context, which in this article through the words of former and late effects has contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of alternation, and situational context helps us why is the word come rather than the word.

De-familiarization is one of the most important style-makers in a literary text that defines the special expression of the author. Through his literary work, the author tries to draw the audience's attention with different techniques one of which is deviating from the usual forms of writing. In fact, deviation from writing norms is the change of the written form of a word or a text that leads to the change of the meaning of that word or text. The frequency of this phenomenon is very high in the poetry of SamihQassem. It is practiced on the purpose of attracting the audience's attention and adding new meanings to the text. This research aims to identify various forms of deviation in the poetry of Samih Qassem through a descriptive- analysis method and provide examples that confirm the deviation in his writings. Then, the paper examines the poet's purpose of employing such a style. The poet has used this style to convey certain feelings to the reader, get the poem visualized, and embody the concepts.

Holy Qur'an is one of the most beautiful literary texts that it has a special style, composed of balanced words and phrases that made a delightful song behind it. This song is sometimes audible, and sometimes it gives an impression of an echo and an inaudible sound that flows in the soul and resembles the audible sound of music in terms of its effect. In this article, it has been tried to study the most important elements of audible and non-audible music. By studying the musical structure of the Sure Adiyat, written in a descriptive-analytical manner, it has been concluded that in the external music (auditory), two poetic parts of Rejez Monhouk "Mostafaalan Faalun" and Khafif Majzue "Faelato Mofaelin" caused the harmonic of some verses, so that it is an outstanding creativity to portray the speed of the horses and the scene of dust raised from the horse hoof. But in the internal music section, the problem of defamiliarization, and the normative elements of the semantic, alternation, priority and non-priority, and favor are mentioned, and the most important results in this section are the existence of semantic contradiction, because God Almighty, using the letters that they have weak attributes, and in the dispersion of the letters in the sure "Adiyat" have an inclusive and reliable overcoming to strong letters, have created meaningful and strong meanings.

Wireless body Area networks (WBANs) include a number of sensor nodes placed inside or on the human body to improve patient health and quality of life. Ensuring the transfer and receipt of data in sensitive data is a very important issue. Routing algorithms should support a variety of service quality such as reliability and delay in sending and receiving data. Loss of information or excessive data delay can lead to loss of human life. A proper routing algorithm in WBAN networks provides an efficient route with minimum delay and higher reliability for sensitive data. In this context, a routing algorithm, as it is proposed, categorizes patient data into sensitive and non-sensitive. Sensitive packets are transmitted to the destination through the shortest route to have less delay and non-sensitive packets are transmitted from other routes. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs better, in terms of the throughput than the DMQoS and RL-QRP this superiority; as a result, decreases the latency of the end.

Defamiliarization means language is not the only means of communication that appears in two forms in the text : or in the form of use of language unusual or the exit of criteria including language but this defamiliarization is done with the intention of the author or speaker, So this article is examined the phenomenon of defamiliarization with descriptive- analytical methods in the Abul ala-Maarri's poems especially "Luzumiyat" Divan. Thus, we study innovation phenomenon in three levels: phonetic, Signifying and composition. The results obtained in this article that the poet in the rhythmic level used assonanse as if he wanted that homogeneity to show his artistic ability in flipping meanings and meanings he also used the phenomena of presentation and rotation to create in the poem the unity of the psychological atmosphere and organic unity. At the semantic level, Al-Mari resorted to personification abstract meanings. He uses the metaphorical implication more but defamiliarization that emerged in the simile, the poet has used from terms syntactic and prosodic as components for simile and perhaps increased use of such terms is showing its high knowledge in this science.

Stylistics as a criticism approach, examined the literary texts from within the text itself and its main task, focusing on elements inside a work of art. Thus, the present study has attempted to investigate stylistic characteristics of the poem "Alkas and Alhomum with Descriptive- Analysis method. Stylistics selected layers for text search that the first layer, is layer phonetic and in this layer has been defined, the poet has used the metre of the poem al basit due to its flexibility and stable and select ridf and motlagh rhyme which has been saturated by moving kasre and put the letters of “sin” because of having adjectives of whispered phonemes as the rhyming letters that the sum of "A ,Sin , yā" the best words to express the intention to describe and praise. In Lexical layer has been defined, the poet's has brought words that is appropriate in terms of significance with three elements, wine, courtiers and butler as inspired by some Quranic words and historical figures in order to strengthen the meanings of wine and butler. In the layer rhetoric, is used the phenomenon of personification to express spiritual emotion. But the syntactic layer, some linguistic phenomena which is contrary to the norm of the Arabic language is taken into consideration including: anastrophe;inversion, delete and apostrofhe. Intellectual layer is based essentially on the sanctity of wine; since, the wine in his opinion, in addition to the pleasure, brings åts owner to religious ecstasy.

Nahjul Balagha consisting of Sermons, letters and Wisdom That Has a special place in meaning, concept, words, letters, sentences and style. So that the rhetorical aspect of this book considered one miracle sign of the precious words of Imam Ali. This study aims to explore and expression the aesthetic of Imam Ali's speech style. So we chose this book to analyze and examine the One of the longest sermon that is “Ghasea” In terms of stylistics that is based on a five layer (phonology, syntax, vocabulary, rhetorical and intellectual). In the Phonetic level, some innovative advantages such as rhyme, pun and harmonious Features have were repeated many that had a significant role in creating music. Also Imam Ali is used Techniques such as (musical letters, musical thought) to create music. In The syntactic layer (combined), Imam by using the method of Interrogative and predicative, including short Sentence and virtual and various elements such as Presented and delay, restriction and Emphasis on predicative Sentences, Expressed the meaning and concept this sermon. At the lexical level, the use of compound words (additional, attribute) is one of the Factors shaping the style in this sermon that are expressed by using the Precise choice of meanings vocabulary.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide problem, especially in countries with high incidence of road traffic accidents such as Iran. Patients with a single occurrence of TBI have been shown to be at increased risk to sustain future TBI.

The aim of this study was to present the incidence and characteristics of repeated TBI (RTBI) in Iranian patients. Patients and

During one year, all admitted TBI patients with prior TBI history were enrolled into the study. In each patient, data such as age, gender, past medical history, injury cause, anatomic site of injury, TBI severity, clinical findings and CT scan findings were collected.

RTBI comprised 2.5% of TBI cases (41 of 1629). The incidence of RTBI per 100,000 individuals per years was 9.7. The main cause of RTBI was road traffic accident (68.3%); 9.7 % of cases had preexisting seizure/epilepsy disorder; 36.6% of patients with RTBI had pervious ICU admission due to severe TBI. Ten patients had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤ 13 (24.4%). Seizure was seen in seven patients (17.1%). Thirty-nine percent of patients with RTBI had associated injuries. Eleven patients had abnormal CT scan findings (26.9%).

Considering the high incidence of trauma in developing countries, RTBI may also be more common compared with that of developed countries. This mandates a newer approach to preventive strategies, particularly in those with a previous experience of head injury.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the main public health problems in Iran. The seat belts, which are vehicle safety devices, are imperative to reduce the risk of severe injuries and mortality.. The aim of the study was to evaluate injury patterns, severity and outcome among belted and unbelted car occupants who were injured in car accidents..Patients and This cross-sectional prospective study was performed on all car occupants injured in RTAs (n = 822) who were transported to hospital and hospitalized for more than 24 hours from March 2012 to March 2013. Demographic profile of the patients, including age, gender, position in the vehicle, the use of seat belts, type of car crashes, injured body regions, revised trauma score (RTS), Glasgow coma score (GCS), duration of hospital stay and mortality rate were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square and independent t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.. A total of 560 patients used seat belts (68.1%). The unbelted occupants were younger (28 years vs. 38 years) and had more frequently sustained head, abdomen and multiple injuries (P = 0.01, P = 0.01 and P = 0.009, respectively). Also, these patients had significantly lower GCS and elongated hospitalization and higher death rate (P = 0.001, P = 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively). Tendency of severe head trauma and low RTS and death were increased in unbelted occupants in car rollover accident mechanisms (P = 0.001, P = 0.01 and P = 0.008, respectively).. During car crashes, especially car rollover, unbelted occupants are more likely to sustain multiple severe injuries and death. Law enforcement of the seat belt usage for all occupants (front and rear seat) is obligatory to reduce severe injuries sustained as a result of car accidents, especially in vehicles with low safety..

Both theoretical and experimental studies have shown that combining accurate Neural Networks (NN) in the ensemble with negative error correlation greatly improves their generalization abilities. Negative Correlation Learning (NCL) and Mixture of Experts (ME), two popular combining methods, each employ different special error functions for the simultaneous training of NN experts to produce negatively correlated NN experts. In this paper, we review the properties of the NCL and ME methods, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. Characterization of both methods showed that they have different but complementary features, so if a hybrid system can be designed to include features of both NCL and ME, it may be better than each of its basis approaches. In this study, an approach is proposed to combine the features of both methods, i.e., Mixture of Negatively Correlated Experts (MNCE). In this approach, the capability of a control parameter for NCL is incorporated in the error function of ME, which enables the training algorithm of ME to establish better balance in bias-variance-covariance trade-offs. The proposed hybrid ensemble method, MNCE, are compared with their constituent methods, ME and NCL, in solving several benchmark problems. The experimental results show that our proposed method preserve the advantages and alleviate the disadvantages of their basis approaches, offering significantly improved performance over the original methods.

Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic agent that used for treatment of many solid cancers. Rapid identification of chemotherapy resistance is very important and may lead to effective treatment plan. Spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, which are sensitive to biochemical composition of samples, have shown potentials to discriminate tissues. Developing in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as a diagnostic tool support conventional technique in investigating cell phenotype. By this goal three different cell lines, two cisplatin resistant OV2008-DDP (C13) and A2780-CP ovarian cell lines and one cisplatin sensitive A2780 cell line were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Data were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA) to obtain FTIR pattern for cisplatin resistance. Using FTIR spectroscopy on these cells in the range of 400-4000 cm-1 was shown dramatic change in cells. Results shows that Cisplatin resistance pattern is characterized in spectrum with the alteration of conformation in secondary structure of proteins and a shift toward the high wave numbers of CH2 stretching vibration. The FTIR data set between 1000 and 3000 cm-1 could be consumed as biochemical typicality spectra among resistant and sensitive cell lines while correctly classified by PCA model. Our work supports the promise of PCA analysis of FTIR data as a powerful combined approach for the development of automated methods to recognize resistant to cisplatin in experimental cell lines. One of the advantages of this tool is to investigate the resistant percent of cancer cells. Such technique may bring new tool in cancer diagnosis and stage definition in cancerous tissues.