javad salimi
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موضوع و هدف مقاله:
شرکت های برق منطقه ای سازمان هایی هستند که هردوی اهداف اجتماعی و اهداف مالی را جهت انجام ماموریت های محول شده دنبال می کنند، بنابراین ایفا و ارزیابی مسیولیت پاسخگویی به واسطه اهداف دوگانه ای که دارند، از اهمیتی اساسی برخوردار است. در پژوهش حاضر با بررسی نیازهای اطلاعاتی استفاده کنندگان گزارش های مالی این شرکت ها، ضعف ها و نارسایی های صورت های مالی در این بخش مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.
روش پژوهش:
داده های مورد نیاز پس از مطالعه کتابخانه ای و جستجوی اکتشافی در مبانی نظری و قوانین و مقررات مالی و محاسباتی حاکم بر روابط این اشخاص و با استفاده از پرسشنامه ، جمع آوری و با بهره گیری از آزمون های مناسب آماری، تجزیه و تحلیل شده است.
یافته های پژوهش:
شواهد حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل دیدگاه های پرسش شوندگان نشان می دهد اطلاعات ارایه شده در صورت های مالی که در جهت هدف ایفا و ارزیابی مسیولیت پاسخگویی که از اولویت برخوردار است، کافی نیست و بین وضعیت موجود و وضعیت مطلوب فاصله قابل توجهی وجود دارد. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که استفاده کنندگان علاوه بر اطلاعات مالی در رابطه با کلیت سازمان، به اطلاعاتی در خصوص وضعیت مالی، عملکرد مالی و بودجه هر یک اهداف سازمان نیز نیاز دارند.
نتیجه گیری، اصالت و افزوده آن به دانش:
با توجه به یافته های پژوهش که استفاده کنندگان با هدف ارزیابی مسئولیت پاسخگویی صورت های مالی شرکت های برق منطقه ای را مورد استفاده قرار می دهند، طراحی و پیاده سازی مدل گزارشگری مناسب جهت بهبود ایفا و ارزیابی مسیولیت پاسخگویی ضروری است.
کلید واژگان: اهداف گزارشگری، شرکت های برق منطقه ای، گزارشگری مالی، نیازهای اطلاعاتی استفاده کنندگانSubject and Purpose of the Article:
Regional electricity companies are organizations that pursue both social goals and financial goals in order to fulfill the assigned missions, so fulfilling and evaluating the responsibility of accountability due to their dual goals is of fundamental importance. In this research, the weaknesses and inadequacies of the financial statements have been studied by examining the information needs of the users of the financial reports of these companies.
Research MethodThe data has been collected after library study and exploratory search in the theoretical foundations and financial and auditing laws and regulations of these companies and using questionnaires and has been analyzed using appropriate statistical.
Research FindingsThe evidence from the analysis of the views of the respondents shows that the information provided in the financial statements is not sufficient for the purpose of fulfilling and evaluating the responsibility of accountability, which is a priority, and there is a significant gap between the current situation and the desired situation. The findings indicate that in addition to financial information regarding the organization as a whole, users also need information regarding the financial status, financial and budget performance of each organization's goals.
Conclusion, Originality and its Contribution to the Knowledge:
According to the findings of the research, the users use the financial statements of regional electricity companies with the aim of evaluating the responsibility of accountability, it is necessary to design and implement a suitable reporting model to improve accountability.
Keywords: Reporting Objectives, Regional Electricity Companies, Financial Reporting, Users Information Needs -
Blockchain is a technology that enables distributed and secure data structures for various business domains. Bitcoin is a notable blockchain application that is a decentralized digital currency with immense popularity and value. Bitcoin involves many concepts and processes that require modelling for better comprehension and development. Modelling is a technique that simplifies and abstracts a system at a certain level of detail and accuracy. Software modelling is applied in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), which automates the software development process using models and transformations. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are languages that are customized for a specific domain and offer intuitive syntax for domain experts. To address the need for specialized tools for Bitcoin blockchain modelling, we propose a novel Unified Modelling Language (UML) profile that is specifically designed for this domain. UML is a standard general-purpose modelling language that can be extended by profiles to support specific domains. A meta-model is a model that defines the syntax and semantics of a modelling language. The proposed meta-model, which includes stereotypes, tagged values, enumerations, and constraints defined by Object Constraint Language (OCL), is defined as a UML profile. The proposed meta-model is implemented in the Sparx Enterprise Architect (Sparx EA) modelling tool, which is a widely used tool for software modelling and design. To validate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed UML profile, we developed a real-world case study using the proposed meta-model and conducted an evaluation using the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). The results showed the proposed UML profile promising.Keywords: Meta-Model, UML profile, bitcoin, Blockchain, OCL, Domain-specific language
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Background
Superficial Venous Aneurysm (SVA) are rare venous diseases that may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. The major etiology of SVA is still unknown. The study presents 17 cases with no underlying disease or risk factors that presented SVA in uncommon and different veins of the body.
Methods17 patients with SVA were evaluated and treated in our hospital for 11 years. Clinical presentation, treatment, and complications were evaluated.
Results6 of the aneurysms were located in the great saphenous vein, 2 in the small saphenous vein, 6 in the external jugular vein, 1 in the dorsal foot vein, and also 2 in the forearm veins. Ten patients suffered from acute tenderness, pain, and edema of the limb and others presented with soft tissue mass. All 17 patients underwent surgical excisional therapy. No pulmonary emboli were reported in the patients.
ConclusionThe etiology of SVA is unknown. It may cause occlusion in rare superficial veins in patients with no history of the hyper-coagulopathy state or any major risk factor.
Keywords: Aneurysm, edema, Forearm, Humans, Jugular Veins, risk factors, Saphenous Vein -
Background
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a vasculopathy involving small and intermediate vessels of extremities with various medical and surgical treatment strategies.
ObjectivesThis cohort study aimed to compare the outcomes of medical and surgical interventions in patients with TAO.
MethodsPatients with a definite diagnosis of TAO were enrolled in the study and evaluated on the first day, as well as three and six months follow-up visits. A total of 70 patients with TAO were followed for 30 months. Improvements in the primary complaints (claudication of calves and soles, rest pain, paresthesia, thrombophlebitis migrans, gangrene, scars, Raynaud's phenomenon) were compared between the groups.
ResultsIn terms of gender, 98.6% of participants were male. The mean age of the patients was 43.24 ±9.8 years. Based on the results, 37 sympathectomy surgery, 11 amputation surgery, 15 bypass surgery, and 12 medical therapies with ILOPROST were considered for the patients (Medical treatment as combination therapy in patients with severe symptoms). The final results demonstrated that primary complaints were significantly improved in patients who underwent bypass surgery than in others.
ConclusionAs evidenced by the obtained results, patients in our study significantly benefited more from bypass surgery than sympathectomy and pharmacotherapy.
Keywords: Bypass surgery, Buerger's disease, Iloprost, Surgical sympathectomy, Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) -
با توجه به رشد روزافزون تولید آثار سینمایی که امروزه محتوای بسیاری از آنها تکراری شده است، دستیابی به موضوعات جدید و منابع اقتباس مناسب، بسیار ضروری به نظر می رسد. ادبیات در آغاز بستری مناسب برای اقتباس در اختیار سینما قرار داد و داستان گویی و روایت پردازی در فیلم ها یکی از نتایج آن بود. سینما غیر از ادبیات از نقاشی، معماری و حتی موسیقی هم اقتباس کرد، اما آیا سینما می تواند از منابع دیگری مثل عکاسی اقتباس کند؟ آیا نمونه هایی از این نوع اقتباس در تاریخ سینما وجود دارد و اگر دارد، این اقتباس چگونه صورت گرفته است؟ اقتباس از عکاسی چه تاثیری در ساخت فیلم ها داشته و آیا توانسته مخاطب را جذب کند؟ در پژوهش پیش رو که به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با شیوه جمع آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و مراجعه به سایت های اینترنتی و مشاهده فیلم های سینمایی و تجزیه وتحلیل آنها انجام شده، فیلم هایی بررسی شده که ارتباطی با عکس و عکاسی داشته و از آن اقتباس شده است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد، اقتباس از عکاسی در تاریخ سینما سابقه داشته و فیلم های متعددی با الهام از آن ساخته شده است. این فیلم ها در دو دسته جای می گیرند. یک دسته فیلم هایی که از ماهیت مفهومی عکس و عکاسی اقتباس کرده اند و دسته دیگر فیلم هایی که به ماهیت بصری عکس ها توجه کرده اند؛ اما اقتباس در دسته دوم تنها به واسطه نقد منتقدان یا اذعان عوامل فیلم سازی مشخص است. این شیوه از اقتباس جز در مواردی معدود، آن قدر پررنگ و اثرگذار نیست که تماشاگر عادی بتواند متوجه آن شود یا در روند موفقیت یک اثر تاثیر چشمگیری داشته باشد. به هرحال عکاسی می تواند تاثیر چشمگیری در خلق ایده های نو برای فیلم سازی داشته باشد و به عنوان منبعی مناسب برای اقتباس استفاده شود.
کلید واژگان: اقتباس، عکاسی، سینما، ماهیت مفهومی، ماهیت بصریThe number of films that are made in different countries of the world today in long and short forms, fiction and documentaries, etc., is very large. In the early days of this invention, there was no concern about finding a suitable subject for filmmaking, but today it is safe to say that it is not a subject that cinematographers have not dealt with. New sources must be adapted to make new films. Artists always use pre-existing art sources to create their work. Throughout history, artistic texts have always been a source for the use of other works. No artistic text is formed independently and there is always a trace of previous texts in it. When a text explicitly refers to another text or work, if the connection is beyond mere copying, the second work can be said to have adapted from the first work. Adaptation is one way to achieve new themes in creating works of art. Among the arts, cinema has the largest volume of adaptations. Literature provided cinema with a suitable beginning for adaptation, and storytelling and narration in films was one of its results. Works adapted from history, novels, plays and short stories have always been an important part of cinematic productions. The research that has been done on the sources of adaptation in cinematic works has been mostly related to literary sources. 1- Films that have been made according to the nature of photography. In this category, most of a photographer's life is considered. Either the main actor is a photographer and he has events in his life or the main actor wants to be a photographer. For example, in the movie The Rear Window, the main actor is a professional photographer who breaks his leg and sees the neighbors' house with the camera. In Blow-up, the film actor is engaged in photography and accidentally takes a picture of a corpse. In the City of God movie, the main actor lives in a dirty society, but he wants to be photographed. In the one-hour photo movie, the main actor is a lonely and middle-aged man who works in the instant photography department of a supermarket. In the Flags of our Fathers, the accuracy of an important image is examined and in the Night Crawler movie, a petty thief accidentally enters the job of a reporter and journalist. In this category of films, no attention is paid to special photos or the aesthetic appearance of photography. 2- Films that were made according to the Photographic images left by photographers. In this category, the recorded photos of famous photographers have been considered and the filmmaker has made his film based on those images. Like Rescue Rayan Soldier movie, the opening sequence of which was inspired by Robert Kappa's pictures. Or the movie Naked City, was made based on the photos of Vigy, a documentary and crime photographer. In The Virgins Suicide film, in which several sisters commit suicide due to the severe hardships of their parents, a single photo of the filmmaker's is adapted. In Carol movie that is the relationship of two young women, one of whom is a photographer, and finally in Moonlight movie, which is the narrative of the three stages of a black actor's life in the city's slums is inspired by the photographs of Early Hadnell and Vivian Sassen. A noteworthy point in this category is to pay attention to a photo or a set of photos of the photographer. The filmmaker makes the content or the aesthetic appearance of the photos a criterion for adaptation. The remarkable thing about these two categories of films is that, in the first category, photography clearly shows itself and does not need to be explained by critics; but in the second category, it is not at all clear that the films are based on the visual nature of a number of images. In this category of films, only with the analysis of knowledgeable critics or the explicit acknowledgment of the director or cameraman that the viewer notices the adaptation of a number of specific photos. Therefore, it cannot be claimed in this group that the adaptation of the photo and photography has affected the audience or even the success after the show, because the ordinary viewer is not able to recognize this issue. If a film has achieved a special place among the mentioned works, the reason should be sought in countless other cases that contribute to the success of a film. The number of films made based on photography is not large, and cinematographers in both categories of films, in most cases, have acted freely and have shown their mental perception of the desired photo or photos. In this limited number, the subject of photography in the first category of films is the main theme, It was not and only provided a platform for another story. In the second category, it has an effect on the aesthetic background of the images and this effect has not significantly affected the semantic process of the film. But obviously, photography can have a huge impact on creating new ideas for filmmaking and be adapted as a suitable source.
Keywords: Adaptation, Photography, cinema, Conceptual Quiddity, Visual Quiddity -
Background
Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) may be a rare peripheral vascular disease that sometimes affects young male smokers. This study presents surgical treatment options for 315 Buerger's patients during a period of 18 years from 2002 to 2020.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 315 newly diagnosed Buerger patients in a period of 18 years (by Census sampling) were evaluated. Data included age, sex, cigarette smoking status, clinical presentation, the affected limb (right or left, upper or lower extremities), and the performed therapeutic procedures such as angiography of limb arteries, amputation, sympathectomy, and vascular bypass surgery, which were collected in a data sheet. Vascular reconstruction was done if there were suitable inflow and outflow arteries. Sympathectomy was performed for the patients who were unsuitable for revascularization. All analyzes were performed using SPSSV.18 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Data are presented as frequency, mean ± variance (SD).
ResultsThe mean age of patients was 42.6±9 years old, ranging from (26-75). There were 309 (98.1%) males and 6 (1.9%) females. The most common symptom was ulcer 252 (80%), and the most commonly involved arteries were the dorsal pedis (N=231; 73.4%) and posterior tibialis (N=225; 71.5%). Vascular bypass surgery, sympathectomy, and amputation were performed for patients who met surgical indications. Aortofemoral (N=9) and femoropopliteal (N=24) bypass procedures were done in 2.8% and 7.6% of patients respectively. Of nine patients who underwent aorto-femoral bypass procedure, 6 cases presented with leg claudication, 3 with an ulcer, and 3 with the Raynaud phenomenon. The digital loss rate was 9.6% (N=9) in toes and 1% (N=3) in fingers.
ConclusionAs most of the Buerger patients have multi arterial involvement, bypass surgery or sympathectomy can’t help treat these patients more than cigarette smoking or pharmaceutical therapy.
Keywords: Thromboangiitis Obliterans, Sympathectomy, Surgery, Amputation -
سابقه و هدف
آنوریسم آیورت شکمی (AAA)یک بزرگ شدگی لوکالیزه آیورت شکمی در ناحیه آیورت اینفرارنال است و ترمیم اندوواسکولارآیورت (EVAR) به عنوان روش جراحی انتخابی مطرح است. در پژوهش حاضر، برای اولین بار در ایران، عوارض و مورتالیتی مرتبط با EVAR بررسی شد.
مواد و روش هااین مطالعه مقطعی با روش مرور پرونده های بیمارستانی و ویزیت تمام 130 بیمار AAA که طی دوره هشت ساله (1398-1390) در بیمارستان سینا (بزرگ ترین مرکز ارجاعی کشور) تحت عمل جراحی EVAR به صورت انتخابی قرارگرفته بودند، اجرا شد.
یافته هاداده های 121 پرونده کامل بود. از این تعداد 104 نفر (85/9درصد) مرد و17 نفر (14/1درصد) زن، با میانگین سنی 9/4± 70/56سال بودند. آسیب کلیوی (15نفر، 12/6 درصد) بیش ترین فراوانی عوارض بعد از عمل جراحی را به خود اختصاص داد و سایر عوارض شامل بیماری های قلبی (10 نفر، 8/4 درصد)، ریوی (6 نفر، 5 درصد)، مغزی (3 نفر، 2/5 درصد) و DVT (2 نفر، 1/7درصد) بود. موردی از عفونت گرافت گزارش نشد. بیش از نیمی از عوارض مرتبط با گرافت در شش ماه اول بعد از پروسیجر رخ داد. فراوانی مرگ ها 29 مورد (24 درصد) بود.
استنتاجروش جراحی ترمیم اندوواسکولار آنوریسم آیورت شکمی، به ویژه در بیماران با بیماری های همراه که ریسک جراحی در آن ها بالاست، نتایج قابل قبولی درکوتاه مدت و بلندمدت دارد.
کلید واژگان: آنوریسم آئورت شکمی، ترمیم اندوواسکولار آنوریسم آئورت، گرافت، عوارض جراحی، مرگ و میرBackground and purposeAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a localized enlargement of infrarenal abdominal aorta. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a surgical method introduced for AAA repair. This study, for the first time in Iran, investigated the complications and mortality rate associated with EVAR.
Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, medical records were reviewed and all patients admitted to Sina Referral Hospital with infra renal abdominal aortic aneurysms who underwent elective EVAR between 2011 and 2019 (n=130) were studied.
ResultsThere were 121 complete files, including those of 104 (85.9%) men and 17 (14.1%) women. The mean age of patients was 70.56±9.4. Renal complications were the most frequent systemic complication after elective EVAR (n=15, 12.6%). Cardiac complications (n=10, 8.4%), respiratoty complications (n=6, 5%), cerebral complications (n=3, 2.5%), and deep vein thrombosis (n=2, 1.7%) were also reported. There was no graft infection. More than half of the procedure-related complications occurred in 6 months of surgery (n= 29, 24%).
ConclusionEndovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm especially in patients with comorbidities has acceptable results in short term and long term surveillance.
Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm, endovascular aneurysm repair, graft, complications, mortality -
مقدمه
تومورهای جسم کاروتید، تومورهای نادر سر و گردن هستند که از یک عضو گیرنده شیمیایی ناشی می شوند و علت ایجاد آنها نیز مشخص نیست. اما به نظر می رسد که زندگی در ارتفاع زیاد می تواند بروز این تومورها را افزایش دهد.
مواد و روش هااین تحقیق حاصل مطالعه بر روی یک سری موارد ثبت شده تومور جسم کاروتید بود. داده های 100 بیمار مبتلا به تومور جسم کاروتید از ثبت بیمارستان (سینا-تهران) بین سال های 1393 تا 1397 به دست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در نرم افزار SPSS انجام گرفت و در مورد داده های کیفی فراوانی و درصد و در داده های کمی میانگین و انحراف معیارگزارش شدند.
نتایجدر این مطالعه میانگین سنی کل جمعیت مبتلا (24/12±) 74/51 بود. شیوع تومور جسم کاروتید در زنان بیشتر از مردان بود (78٪ در مقابل 22٪). همچنین تومورهای جسم کاروتید عمدتا یک طرفه بودند (90 ٪ در مقابل 10٪) و نیز فراوانی تومور در سمت راست بیشتر از سمت چپ بود (51٪ در مقابل 37٪). تمام بیماران مطالعه ما تحت عمل جراحی برداشتن جراحی قرار گرفتند و بقای کلی جراحی 100٪ بود.
نتیجه گیریتومورهای جسم کاروتید تومورهای نادر و تقریبا بدون علامت در سر و گردن است که عمدتا در زنان غیر سیگاری با میانگین سنی 51 سال دیده می شود. از انتخاب درمانی برای این تومورها برداشتن جراحی است. اما ممکن است رادیوتراپی نیز به عنوان یک روش محافظه کارانه استفاده شود.
کلید واژگان: جسم کاروتید، تومور، تومورهای سروگردنIntroductionCarotid body tumors are rare tumors of the head and neck that arise from a chemical receptor organ and their cause is unknown. But it seems that living at high altitudes can increase the incidence of these tumors.
Materials and MethodsThis research was the result of a study on a series of recorded cases of carotid body tumors. Recorded data from 100 patients with carotid body tumors were collected between 2014 and 2016. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software and quality and percentage data were reported for quality data and mean and standard deviation for quantitative data.
ResultsIn this study, the mean age of the total affected population (24 12.24) was 51.74. The prevalence of carotid body tumors was higher in women than men (78% vs. 22%). Also, carotid body tumors were mostly unilateral (90% vs. 10%) and the frequency of tumors on the right was higher than on the left (51% vs. 37%). All patients in our study underwent surgical resection and the overall survival was 100%.
ConclusionCarotid body tumors are rare and almost asymptomatic tumors in the head and neck that are mainly seen in non-smokers with a mean age of 51 years. Surgery is one of the treatment options for these tumors. But radiotherapy may also be used as an alternative method.
Keywords: Carotid Body, Carotid Body Tumor, Head, Neck Tumors -
Background
We report the angioplasty results of patients suffering from chronic lower extremity ischemia with the involvement of femoropopliteal arteries.
MethodsSixty-five patients were studied. All patients with lower extremity chronic ischemia resulting from femoropopliteal arterial lesions at Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from September 22, 2013, through March 21, 2015, were included in the study. The success of angioplasty and stenting was defined as the diminishing of the stenosis to less than 30%. A follow-up Doppler ultrasound was conducted to evaluate restenosis and reocclusion. Additionally, healing of ulcers and recovery of claudication were assessed at follow-up visits.
ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 64.5±9.7 years. Forty-four patients (67.7%) were male, and 21 patients (32.3%) were female. In follow-up Doppler ultrasounds, 7 patients (10.8%) had stenosis, while 9 patients (13.8%) had occlusion, and 49 patients (75.4%) had a normal patent arterial flow. On follow-up, 53 patients (81.5%) did not report claudication. The success rate of the procedures was 98.46%. The presence of preprocedural tissue gangrene was a potential predictor of restenosis and reocclusion (P<0.05).
ConclusionsIt seems that endovascular management is a feasible and effective technique in lower extremity arterial ischemia due to lesions in femoropopliteal arteries, even in subtypes TASC C and D. (Iranian Heart Journal 2021; 22(4): 34-44)
Keywords: Femoropopliteal, ANGIOPLASTY, Chronic limb ischemia -
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench Journal, Volume:14 Issue: 3, Summer 2021, PP 237 -242Aim
This this study aimed to investigate the causes and prognoses of liver re-transplantation in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Liver Transplantation Center.
BackgroundOrgan shortage is a major problem in the world, a high demand for liver transplantation has exacerbated this problem. Thus, providing more information on the causes of liver re-transplantation, its prognosis, and other issues related to this procedure is of great importance.
MethodsThis study was conducted in 2018 as a historical cohort. In this study, the records of liver transplantation patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital Liver Transplantation Center between 2000 and 2016 were studied, and data was extracted from the records of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Patient data was entered into SPSS 20 software and analyzed.
ResultsIn this study, 1030 patients with a mean age of 43.15 ± 14.57 years were studied. There were 426 women (41.4%) and 604 men (58.6%). The number of primary transplants was 966 with a mean age of 43.19 ± 14.72, and the number of re-transplants was 64 with a mean age of 42.56 ± 12.82. Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of MELD and CHILD scores, cold ischemic time, total and direct bilirubin levels, liver function factors (ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase), hemoglobin, and WBC. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, or platelets (> 0.05). The mortality rate was 241 (23.39%) in all patients and the mortality rate was 206 (21.32%) and in liver transplant patients was 35 (54.68%). The mortality rate in the transplant group was statistically higher (p<0.001). Secondary was primary non-functional graft (PNF) (37.5%) with 1-, 3, and 5-year survival rates of 82%, 81%, and 70% in primary group and 59%, 43% and 32% in re-transplantation, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between the two groups (p <0.05). Hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were predictors of survival rates in transplant patients.
ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the survival rate of re-transplant patients was significantly lower than that of primary transplant patients, and the mortality rate in re-transplant patients was significantly higher.
Keywords: Liver re-transplant, Prognosis, Survival -
Introduction
Acute limb ischemia is a critical medical condition that can quickly become a life threat. Therapeutic modalities such as catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) have demonstrated various levels of efficacy in previous studies.
ObjectiveThis study presents the descriptive findings of a series of cases who presented with acute arterial thrombotic limb ischemia and underwent CDT.
MethodsThis was a cross-sectional single-hospital-based case series, in which all patients who were diagnosed with acute arterial thrombotic limb ischemia, and consequently underwent CDT during the one-year study period were included. Detailed baseline characteristics and clinical findings of the studied patients on presentation, after intervention and at one-year follow-up are presented.
ResultsA total of 21 patients with a mean age of 60.7±15.2 years, including 16 males (76.2%) were included. The initial technical and treatment success rates were 20 (95.2%) and 14 (66.7%), respectively. The amputation-free and the overall survival rates after the one-year follow-up were 15 (71.4%) and 17 (81%), respectively. Four patients (19%) developed complications, two (9.5%) of which were significant (pulmonary hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage). Amputation was performed in 6 (28.6%) cases.
ConclusionIn this study, the treatment success rate and the technical success rate were satisfactory.
Keywords: Amputation, Ischemia, LimbSalvage, Mechanical Thrombolysis, Thrombolytic Therapy -
Background
The interaction between nervous and immune systems has been under investigation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1) is a ligand gated calcium channel expressed by sensory neurons which mediates neurogenic inflammatory response. Substance p which can be released following exposure to capsaicin is a TRPV1 inducer, shown to have altered concentration and function in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We evaluated skin reaction to capsaicin in newly diagnosed and established SLE patients compared to healthy controls.
MethodsTwenty-nine SLE patients (12 newly diagnosed cases under treatment, and 17 established ones, not receiving medications) who referred to rheumatologic disease research center, and 33 healthy subjects of the control group were recruited in this study. A topical solution of capsaicin (0.075%) was applied on the volar forearm during skin test, and time to the tingling sensation, area of induration and area of redness (centimeters2) were recorded after 5, 10, and 20 minutes.
ResultsThe area of redness and area of induration within 15 minutes, time to the tingling sensation (P=0.02), and the overall frequency of tingling sensation (P=0.01) after capsaicin skin test was considerably higher in SLE patients than the healthy controls. Redness, induration and tingling sensation were more frequent but not statistically significant among the established SLE group compared to the newly diagnosed patients.
ConclusionSince skin reaction to capsaicin is more prominent in SLE patients than the healthy individuals, neurogenic inflammation and the role of P substance should be investigated more in ongoing lupus. Capsaicin test can not predict lupus activity.
Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematous, Substance p, Capsaicin, TRPV-1 -
Background
Two methods of repair are currently available for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), open aneurysm surgery, and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The purpose of this article is to investigate and compare the outcomes of all cases of open surgery versus EVAR conducted from2011 to 2019 at Sina Medical Research and Training Hospital, the first EVAR was conducted at Sina Hospital in 2011.
MethodsThis research is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who were treated at Sina Hospital in Tehran from September 2011 to December 2019. All patients who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A checklist of required data was prepared and used to extract data from patients' medical case files. Patients' information was completed via telephone contact with patients or their families. Analyses were performed using SPSS software with a 5-percent error rate.
ResultsThe sample consisted of 194 patients who were divided into two groups. 73 patients (37.6%) underwent open surgery and 121 patients (62.4%) underwent EVAR. All patients (100%) who underwent open surgery received general anesthesia, while only 15 patients (12.8%) who underwent EVAR received general anesthesia, and 102 patients (87.2%) who underwent EVAR received spinal anesthesia. Rates of blood loss and blood transfusion, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the total length of postoperative hospitalization for patients who underwent open surgery were significantly higher than for those who underwent EVAR (P-value <0.001). The mortality probability of patients with a history of CVA and smoking was3.47 and 2.66 times higher than those with a negative history of these cases, respectively. Although average EF was higher in living patients compared to deceased ones, this difference was not statistically significant (P-value= 0.161).
ConclusionSurgery duration, length of stay in ICU, length of hospital stay, and rate of blood transfusion of patients undergoing EVAR was reduced in comparison with those undergoing open surgery.
Keywords: Anesthesia, Hospitalization, Endovascular treatment, Open surgery, Renal abdominal, Hospita -
افزایش جمعیت و گسترش صنایع و پیشرفت تکنولوژی عواملی هستند که باعث افزایش مصرف آب و تولید فاضلاب و آلودگی محیطزیست شده اند و سرمایه گذاری برای تصفیه و دفع بهداشتی را اجباری نموده اند. فنول ها ترکیات آلی هستند که توجه بسیاری را بهدلیل سمی بودن حتی در غلظت های پایین بهسمت خود جلب کرده اند. غلظت مشتقات فنول در پساب خروجی هنگام تخلیه حدود 1/0 است و سازمان سلامت جهانی حداکثر سطح آن را در آب قابل شرب 1 مجاز میداند. فنول و ترکیبات فنولی موادی هستند که در بیشتر پساب های صنعتی و خانگی وجود دارند و بهعلت سمی بودن باید بهطور موثری از این پساب ها حذف شوند. در این مقاله روش حذف فنول از پساب بهوسیله جاذب های کم هزینه بررسی میشود. تاثیر پارامترهای مختلف مثل غلظت اولیه فنول، pH، دما و مقدار جاذب بر روی مقدار جذب بررسی میشود. بررسی ها نشان می دهد جاذب های کمهزینه ای مثل جاذب های بهدست آمده از مواد معدنی، پسماند کشاورزی و مواد زاید صنعتی پتانسیل بالا و انعطافپذیری بیشتری را نسبت به بسیاری از روش های دیگر برای حذف ترکیبات فنولی دارد و جاذب هایی که فعالیت سطحی بیشتر، سطح و تخلخل بالایی دارند کارایی بیشتری دارند.
کلید واژگان: پساب صنعتی، جاذب، فنول، جاذب طبیعی، جاذبهای کشاورزیPopulation growth and technological and industrial development are governing factors in increase of water consumption, wastewater production and environmental pollution which raise the need for investments to be made in treatment and disposal of wastewater. Due to their toxicity even in very low concentrations, Phenols are of great environmental importance among organic compounds. The limit for phenol in effluent discharge is typically 0.1 mg/l and the World Health Organization has established the maximum level of phenol compounds in drinking water allowable as 1 mg/l. Phenol and phenolic compounds are present in many industrial and domestic wastewaters and due to their toxicity, they must be effectively removed from the wastewater. In this work, the removal of phenolic compounds from wastewater is investigated on low cost adsorptions. The effect of parameters like pH, temperature, initial phenol concentration, and amount of adsorbent is investigated. The studies showed that low cost absorbents like adsorbent derived from the natural materials, waste materials from agriculture and industry have high potential and flexibility compared to many other methods for removing phenolic compounds. It is shown that adsorbents with high surface activation, surface area and porosity have higher performance.
Keywords: Industrial Wastewater, Adsorbent, Phenol, Natural sorbent, Agricultural sorbent -
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench Journal, Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2020, PP 50 -56Introduction
Post reperfusion syndrome (PRS) during liver transplantation (LT) remains a serious issue for the surgeon and anesthetist. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different reperfusion techniques on outcomes of LT patients.
MethodsIn this prospective case-control study, liver transplant recipients were divided into two groups of vented (reperfusion with 300cc blood venting) and non-vented (reperfusion without blood venting) then30-minuteintra-operative hemodynamic and biochemical changes as well as 2- month complications and 6-month mortality were compared between the groups.
Results57 LT cases (31 vented and 26 non-vented) were studied (50.9% female). The two groups had similar age (p = 0.107), sex (p = 0.885), MELD score (p = 0.61), donor warm ischemic time (p = 0.85), recipient warm ischemic time (p = 0.36), cold ischemic time (p = 0.99), comorbid disease (p = 0.502), and etiology of end-stage liver disease (p = 0.281). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding mean arterial pressure (p > 0.20), mean heart rate (p > 0.39), mean systemic vascular resistance (p > 0.26), and mean cardiac output (p > 0.20). PRS occurred in 3 (11.5%) patients in vented group and 4 (12.9%) in non-vented group (p = 0.69). The frequency of primary non-function (p = 1.00), hepatic artery thrombosis (p = 1.00), portal vein thrombosis (p = 0.44), biopsy proven rejection (p = 1.00), need for dialysis (p = 1.00), biliary complications (p = 1.00), wound infection (p = 0.08), and pneumonia (p = 1.00) was same in the two groups. 1 (3.8%) patient in non-vented group and 4 (12.9%) patients in vented group died (p = 0.229).
ConclusionReperfusion with and without blood venting has the sameoutcome regarding intra-operation hemodynamic and biochemical changes, PRSrate, and post-operation complication, as well as 6-month survival. So it seems thatblood venting could be omitted as a method for decreasing post reperfusion complications following LT.
Keywords: liver transplantation, reperfusion, mean arterial pressure, hemodynamic -
حضور عنصر گوگرد(S8) در جریان گاز طبیعی باعث ایجاد بسیاری از مشکلات در نقاط توزیع و تجهیزات اندازه گیری شده است. فرآیندهای جداسازی زیادی وجود دارد که شامل فرآیند جذب ، جذب سطحی ، غشایی و فرآیند های تبدیل هستند. در این مقاله مروری بر روی روش های اصلی موجود برای حذف ترکیبات سولفور از جریان های گاز و همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل امکان استفاده از آنها در خطوط لوله صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهند که با توجه به پیچیدگی فرآیند ها و هزینه های اجرایی و نگه داری، فرآیند جذب سطحی برای استفاده در خطوط لوله از موثرترین و کاربردی ترین روش ها هستند.کلید واژگان: گاز طبیعی، فرانید های سولفورزدایی، جذب سطحی، سولفورThe presence of S8 in natural gas streams has caused many problems at the delivery points and measuring equipment. There are many treatment processes, including absorption, adsorption, membranes and conversion processes. In this work, a literature review was carried out on the main methods available for removal of sulfur compounds from gas streams as well as an analysis of the feasibility of its application in pipelines. The results showed that, due to the complexity of the processes and to the costs involved in implementation and maintenance, the mechanisms of control by adsorption are the most attractive for use in pipelines.Keywords: Natural gas, Desulfurization processes, Elemental sulfur, Adsorption
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BackgroundIn the last decade, great attention has been paid to endovascular treatment and now it is considered as a treatment of choice in aortoiliac occlusive disease.ObjectivesTo report our 2-year follow-up experience in this field.
Patients andMethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent aortoiliac angioplasty with or without stenting from September 2013 to March 2015. Medical profile, clinical signs and symptoms, and technical variables of angioplasty were recorded. Technical success rate and primary patency rate were the main outcome measures.ResultsFifty eight patients (m:f = 53:5) with the mean age of 64.28 ± 10.88 years and the most common initial presentation of intermittent claudication (37.9%) were evaluated. The technical success rate was 100% in each transatlantic inter-society consensus (TASC) subtypes. The mean time of hospital stay was 9.45 ± 7.96 days. The mean follow up period was 14.01 ± 5.87 months (6-27months). The Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated a primary patency rate of TASC subtypes A-D at 1 year as 96.3%, 100%, 66.7%, and 96.3%, respectively. Two years primary patency rates were 96.3%, 100%, 66.7%, and 81.6% for A-D TASC subtypes, respectively. There was no complication or death in the study group.ConclusionEndovascular treatment for different TASC II subtypes is associated with considerable technical success rate and primary patency rate even in TASC D, which has been previously indicated to be treated with open surgical procedures.Keywords: Endovascular Therapy, TASC II Morphological Stratification, Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease, Technical Success Rate, Primary Patency Rate -
BackgroundEndovascular treatment (ET) is a treatment option for aortoiliac occlusive disease in patients with critical symptoms. ET is the choice for the transatlantic inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II) type A and B lesions. However, its use for type C and D lesions is getting more popular due to its less invasive nature and feasibility for more patients than open surgery.ObjectivesTo describe short term results of ET in the treatment of total bilateral aortoiliac occlusion and discuss its role in the treatment of such lesions.
Patients andMethodsPatients with total bilateral aortoiliac occlusion with either life disturbing claudication or critical limb ischemia symptoms, including rest pain or limb ulcer, who were unresponsive to exercise and medical treatment were chosen and underwent ET and were followed up. Their demographic data and possible risk factors were recorded. Activity level before and after the procedure was compared using paired sample T test. Satisfaction mean and standard error was calculated and three months, six months, and twelve months patency rates were calculated and 95% confidence interval (CI) was made using binomial exact test.ResultsFifteen patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent ET. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There were two cases of early mortality due to concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) and prior poor medical condition. Patients satisfaction mean was 7.9 out of 10 (SE: 0.5) and activity level after procedure was significantly higher than before (1.53 and 2.58; PConclusionWhen comparing patency rates for ET and open surgery no significant difference is seen (CI [58.6, 96.4], 93.6) and since re-intervention after ET with no delay is possible, it sounds a good treatment choice for total bilateral aortoiliac occlusions. Endovascular treatment of total bilateral aortoiliac occlusions can be a valid option with promising results and fewer complications that especially can be considered in high-risk patients. Further studies are recommended.Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Arterial Occlusive Diseases, Endovascular Procedures, Radiography, Interventional, Vascular Patency, Stents, Patient Satisfaction, Ischemia, Thrombosis -
مناطق روستایی به دلیل شرایط ویژه محیطی، مستعد تکثیر بیش از اندازه جمعیت موش ها هستند. تخریب گسترده محصولات کشاورزی، آسیب به تاسیسات، تخریب ساختمان ها و شیوع بیماری های مشترک بین انسان و حیوان از پیامدهای اقتصادی و بهداشتی طغیان موش ها می باشد. در صورت عدم توفیق در کنترل این پدیده، ممکن است مشکلات اجتماعی از قبیل تخلیه روستا و مهاجرت ساکنین آن ها به شهرها نیز رخ دهد. نمونه ای از طغیان موش در سال 1394 در یکی از روستاهای شهرستان تربت حیدریه رخ داد. در این گزارش به بررسی علل بروز حادثه و شرح اقداماتی که در مدت دو هفته موجب رفع کامل مشکل شد، پرداخته می شود.کلید واژگان: پدافند غیرعامل، تربت حیدریه، حمله موش ها، مدیریت محیط زیستDue to their special environments, rural areas are susceptible to rodent outbreaks. Extensive damage to agricultural produce, equipment and buildings on the one hand and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases on the other are among the health and economic impacts of a rodent outbreak. Failure in controlling such events may even result in social issues, such as, village abandonment and mass migration to suburban areas. One such rodent outbreak occurred in 2015 in a village of Torbat Heydariyeh County, Razavi Khorasan province. This report explains both the root causes of the event as well as the efforts which resulted in the control of the outbreak within a couple of weeks.Keywords: Passive defense, Torbat Heydariyeh, Rodent outbreak, Environmental management
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Cardiac myxomas are the most common cardiac tumors with diverse nonspecific clinical manifestations. A 78-year-old man presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain and coldness of the left lower extremity. The left femoral artery pulse was detected, while the pulses of the left popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibialis arteries were absent. No blood inflow was detected in the superficial and deep femoral, popliteal, and anterior and posterior tibialis arteries. Thrombectomy was performed, and a fatty-like mass from the bifurcation of the common femoral artery and a thrombotic mass from the proximal portion of the superficial and deep femoral arteries were removed. The pulsatile inflow and palpable pulses of the left femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibialis arteries were restored after surgery. The histological findings of the embolus were suggestive of a cardiac myxoma. The patients consciousness and lower limb blood flow improved gradually. He was discharged from the hospital with full awareness and improved lower extremity muscle function 2 weeks after surgery.Keywords: Heart neoplasms, Myxoma, Lower extremity, Ischemia, Stroke, Embolism
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BackgroundVenoplasty and stenting is a minimally invasive therapy that can be used for patients with deep venous insufficiency in the lower extremities. This study aimed at investigating the effect of venoplasty and venous stenting in patients with chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs.MethodsThis prospective case-series study recruited patients with chronic deep venous insufficiency in the lower limbs candidated for venoplasty in the Vascular Clinic of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Venoplasty and stenting was done if the deep venous system in the lower extremities had stenosis or obstruction on venography. The patients were visited 1, 3, and 6 months after venoplasty to assess their symptoms, venous clinical severity, and venous disability. Primary and secondary patency was evaluated with Doppler ultrasound.ResultsSeventy-three patients were included in the study. The follow-up of the patients clinical symptoms showed significant improvement rates of about 90%, 88.7%, 92.5%, and 100% in claudication, edema, pain, and ulcers-respectively- only 1 month after the procedure. The stent patency rates were 93.2, 91.5, and 92.4 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th postprocedural months, correspondingly. The venous clinical severity score and the venous disability score before the procedure were 14.2 and 2.73, respectively, which were decreased to 5 and 1.1, correspondingly, at 6 months follow-up (p valueConclusionVenoplasty and stenting in our patients with chronic deep venous insufficiency in the lower extremities conferred a significant improvement in clinical symptoms and a high percentage of patency.Keywords: Venous insufficiency, Lower extremity, Endovascular procedure
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زمینه و هدفدسترسی به آب آشامیدنی سالم، یکی از شاخص های بهداشتی تعیین شده توسط سازمان جهانی بهداشت و مورد توجه مسئولین ذیربط جوامع مختلف می باشد، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان فلزات سنگین و مقایسه آن با استانداردهای ملی و بین المللی انجام شد.روش کاردر این مطالعه توصیفی - مقطعی نمونه های آب آشامیدنی بر اساس روش استاندارد از 41 منبع تامین کننده اصلی آب شرب در روستاهای شهرستان تربت حیدریه تهیه و به آزمایشگاه ارسال شد. نمونه های مورد نظر با دستگاه جذب اتمی کوره گرافیت AA240FS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. در نهایت داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Arc-GIS v10.3 و Excel v.2010 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.یافته هامیانگین غلظت فلزات کادمیوم، سرب و کروم در چاه های آب شرب مناطق روستایی شهرستان تربت حیدریه به ترتیب 0/17±0/59، 1/7±1/8 و 33/4±33/5 میکروگرم در لیتر و در محدوده استاندارد بود. اما حداکثر غلظت فلز کروم در 11 روستا بیشتر از مقدار مجاز تعیین شده سازمان جهانی بهداشت و استاندارد ملی بود.نتیجه گیریمیانگین غلظت فلزات اندازه گیری شده در بیشتر چاه های مورد بررسی روستاهای تربت حیدریه پایین تر از مقدار مجاز تعیین شده سازمان جهانی بهداشت می باشد، اما در مناطقی که حداکثر غلظت این فلزات بالاتر از حد مجاز تعیین شده می باشد، پیشنهاد می شود مطالعه ای در خصوص تعیین بیماری های مرتبط با این فلزات و مطالعه ای جامع تر در فصول کم آبی و پر آبی انجام شود.کلید واژگان: آب آشامیدنی، تربت حیدریه، فلزات سنگین، GISBackground and ObjectiveHaving an access to safe drinking water, which is considered as one of the health indicators by World Health Organization (WHO), has great importance for relevant authorities of different communities. Thus this study aimed to determine amounts of heavy metals and compare them with national and international standards.Materials and MethodsIn this cross sectional study, drinking water samples were taken from 41 main drinking water supplies in villages of Torbat-e Heydariyeh city according to the standard method and transferred to the laboratory. These samples were analyzed by mean of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240FS).Finally, obtained data were analyzed using Arc-GIS (v. 10.3) and excel (v.2010) softwares.ResultsThe attained results revealed that the mean concentrations of metals including Cadmium, lead and Chromium were (0.59±0.17), (1.8±1.7) and (33.5±33.4) mg/l, respectively, in drinking water wells of rural regions of Torbat-e Heydariyeh . These amounts were in optimal ranges. While chromium concentrations were more than recommended permissible levels of WHO and national standards in 11 villages.ConclusionThe mean concentrations of measured metals were lower than the recommended permissible levels by WHO in more cases of considered wells in villages of Torbat-e Heydarieh=. However, forregions in which the concentrations of heavy metals do not meet the standards, a comprehensive study is recommended to determine the heavy metal-related diseases in dry and wet seasons.Keywords: Heavy Metals, Drinking water, GIS, Torbat Heydariyeh
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زمینه و هدفخورندگی یکی از پیچیده ترین و پرهزینه ترین مشکلات مربوط به تولید آب آشامیدنی می باشد که بر سلامت مصرف کنندگان و پذیرش عمومی یک منبع آب و هزینه های تامین آب آشامیدنی تاثیر گذار است. رسوب گذاری نیز سبب مشکلاتی همچون گرفتگی و افت فشار در شبکه آب رسانی خواهد شد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین کیفیت شیمیایی و شاخص های پایداری (پتانسیل خورندگی و رسوب گذاری) منابع تامین آب شرب روستاهای شهرستان تایباد در سال 95-1394 بود.روش هادر این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی، تعداد 96 نمونه (از 8 چاه) در مدت 12 ماه از نظر پارامترهای فیزیکی-شیمیایی مختلف مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. سپس خورندگی و رسوب گذاری آب از نظر شاخص لانژلیه ، شاخص رایزنر، شاخص تهاجمی و شاخص پوکوریوس تعیین شد.نتایجنتایج نشان دادکه برخی از چاه ها نتوانستند حد مجاز کیفیت را از نظر TDS و سختی براورده سازند. اما از نظر پارامترهای دیگری از جمله فلوراید، نیتریت و نیترات حدود مجاز رعایت شده بود. همچنین ایستگاه های نمونه برداری از نظر شاخص لانژلیه 50 درصد خورنده و 50 درصد رسوب گذار، شاخص رایزنر 50 درصد خورنده و 50 درصد خنثی، شاخص تهاجمی 25 درصد رسوب گذار و 75 درصد خنثی، و ازنظر شاخص پوکوریوس 37.5درصد خورنده، 25 درصد رسوب گذار و 37.5 درصد خنثی بودند.نتیجه گیریاز آنجا که از نظر اکثر شاخص ها، آب منطقه در وضعیت خنثی و پایدار قرار ندارد، لذا پایدارسازی آب قبل از ورود آب به شبکه توزیع به عنوان عاملی مهم در کنترل پدیده خورندگی و رسوب گذاری توصیه می شود.کلید واژگان: آب آشامیدنی، کیفیت فیزیکی شیمیایی، خورندگی، رسوب گذاریBackground and AimCorrosion is one of the most complicated and costly problems related to the drinking water supply that can influence the health of consumers, the general acceptance of a water resource, and the costs of water supply. Scaling also causes problems such as clogging and head loss in drinking water networks. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical quality and stability indicators (scaling and corrosion potential) of rural drinking water supplies of Taybad city in 2015-2016.MethodsIn this descriptive/cross-sectional study, 96 water samples (from 8 wells) were gathered within 12 months and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Then scaling and corrosion potential of water supplies was determined based on Langelier saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive Index (AI), and Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI).ResultsThe results showed that the quality of some wells was below the acceptable limits in terms of TDS and hardness. However, other parameters such as fluoride, nitrite, and nitrate, were in standard range. In addition, the sampling stations were 50% corrosive and 50% scaling based on LSI, 50% corrosive and 50% neutral based on RSI, 25% scaling 75% neutral based on AI, and 37.5% corrosive, 25% scaling, and 37.5% neutral based on PSI.ConclusionAccording to the findings, water in the study region is not in neutral state; thus, stabilizing the water before entering the distribution network is recommended as an important measure to control scaling and corrosion phenomenon.Keywords: Drinking water, Physicochemical quality, Corrosion, Scaling
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زمینه و هدفرعایت موازین بهداشتی در مسجد به عنوان یکی از اماکن عمومی ضروری است. عدم رعایت بهداشت مساجد را به صورت کانونی برای انتشار عوامل بیماری زا تبدیل کرده و سلامت عمومی را به مخاطره می اندازد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی وضعیت بهداشت محیط مساجد شهرستان طبس در سال 1394 می باشد.روش هااین مطالعه به صورت توصیفی مقطعی است که به روش سرشماری بر روی 39 مسجد در شهر طبس در سال 1394 انجام شد. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات از چک لیست استاندارد طراحی شده بازرسی مساجد مورد تایید وزارت بهداشت استفاده و از طریق تکمیل چک لیست ،بازرسی، مشاهده و مصاحبه اطلاعات گردآوری شد. اطلاعات از طریق نرم افزارهای SPSS 22 و Excel 2007 آنالیز شد.نتایجنتایج نشان داد از نظر بهداشت فردی تنها 5/11 درصد و وسایل و ابزار کار 9/49 درصد در وضعیت مطلوب قرار داشتند. از طرف دیگر، از نظر وضعیت ساختمان 2/77 درصد و همچنین از نظر شاخص های متفرقه ای مانند ممنوعیت استعمال دخانیات در مساجد 100 درصد مساجد در محدوده مطلوب قرار داشتند. همچنین میانگین درصد مطلوبیت کلیه معیارهای بهداشتی در بین مساجد طبس معادل 93/55% تعیین شد.نتیجه گیریبا توجه به نتایج به دست آمده در این تحقیق، مساجد طبس از نظر بهداشتی در سطح متوسطی هستند. با توجه به تاکید اسلام بر نظافت و پاکیزگی مساجد، انتظار می رود که برای مساجد شهر طبس تمهیدات لازم برای افزایش بهداشت فردی خادمین مساجد ، وسایل و ابزار کار در نظرگرفته شود.کلید واژگان: بهداشت محیط، مساجد، طبسBackground And AimsMosques are among public places and like other places meeting hygiene standards is necessary. In case of not paying enough attention to this issue, mosques can be a center from which pathogens spread and endanger the health of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental health status of mosques in Tabas in 2015.MethodsThis is a cross/sectional/descriptive study conducted on 39 mosques in Tabas city in 1394 through census sampling method. To collect data, the designed checklist approved by ministry of health was filled through interview, observation and inspection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Excel 2007 software.ResultsDespite the regular inspections of health inspectors, the environmental health status of mosques is not suitable, so that only 11.5% of personal health, 49.9% of instruments and tools. On the other hand, 77.25% of building health and 100% of other indices such as prohibition of smoking were in suitable range. Moreover, the overall mean of desirability for all indices in Tabas mosques was determined as 55.93%.ConclusionBased on the obtained results, health issues in the mosques in Tabas are in moderate condition. Regarding the importance of cleanness of mosques in Islam region, adopting essential measures such as education and more precise monitoring are expected to promote the instruments and tools health and servant's personal health.Keywords: environmental health, mosques, Tabas
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سابقه و هدفدر میان مواد شیمیایی متعدد مورد استفاده در بخش کشاورزی، 2، 4- دی کلرو فنوکسی استیک اسید (D-2،4) به طور گسترده ای برای کنترل علف های هرز مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این علف کش به عنوان یک آلاینده سرطان زا و با سمیت بالا در نظر گرفته می شود که به دلیل پایداری بیولوژیکی و شیمیایی آن، تجزیه این آلاینده بسیار مشکل است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف تجزیه فتوکاتالیستی علف کش D-2،4 با استفاده از نانوذرات اکسید ایندیوم در حضور نور ماوراء بنفش انجام شد.مواد و روش هااین تحقیق در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و در سیستم ناپیوسته انجام شد. اثر پارامترهای عملیاتی نظیر pH (2-11)، زمان تماس (5-240 دقیقه)، دوز کاتالیست (2-1/0 گرم بر لیتر) و غلظت اولیه علف کش (5-40 میلی گرم بر لیتر) بر راندمان فرآیند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده های فرآیند با مدل سینتیکی شبه درجه یک تطبیق داده شدند.یافته هاافزایش pH و غلظت اولیه علف کش منجر به کاهش راندمان تجزیه شد و افزایش زمان تماس و دوز فتوکاتالیست سبب افزایش راندمان تجزیه شد. بهترین راندمان معادل 70 درصد، در pH برابر با 3، دوز کاتالیست 1 گرم بر لیتر، زمان تماس 120 دقیقه و غلظت اولیه علف کش 5 میلی گرم بر لیتر حاصل شد. داده های فرآیند به خوبی از سینتیک شبه درجه یک پیروی می کنند (R2=0.915).
استنتاج: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که فرآیند فتوکاتالیستی با استفاده از نانوذرات اکسید ایندیوم در حضور نور ماوراء بنفش راندمان نسبتا مناسبی برای تجزیه علف کش D-2،4 دارد.کلید واژگان: تجزیه علف کش، فرآیند فتوکاتالیستی، نانوذرات اکسید ایندیوم، 2، 4، دی کلرو فنوکسی استیک اسیدBackground andPurposeAmong the numerous chemicals utilized in agriculture, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used to control weeds. This herbicide is considered as a carcinogen and high toxic pollutant which is very difficult to remove due to its biological and chemical stability. This study aimed at photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using indium oxide nanoparticles in the presence of ultraviolet light.Materials And MethodsThis study was carried out in bench scale and batch system. The effect of operating parameters such as pH (2-11), contact time (5-240 min), catalyst dose (0.1-2 g/l) and initial concentration of herbicide (5-40 m/l) on the efficiency of the process were studied. The experimental data were fitted to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.ResultsIncreasing the pH and initial concentration of herbicide led to reduced efficiency while increasing the contact time and catalyst dose increased the efficiency. The best result (70% efficiency) was achieved at pH 3, 1 g/l catalyst dose, 120 min contact time, and 5 mg/l initial concentration. The process data well followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.915).ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the photocatalytic process using indium oxide nanoparticles in the presence of ultraviolet light have a relatively good efficiency in removing 2,4-D.Keywords: herbicide removal, photocatalytic process, Indium nanoparticle, 2, 4, Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
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