javad samadi

Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. In this study, the optimized of DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC model parameters and land use layers (LU) were used to assess of pollution risk in catchment basin aquifer in south of Namak lake using of statistical methods.

Information layers were prepared, rated (deterministic and fuzzy-statistical), weighted (original and statistical) and combined (by Index-Overlay method) in GIS environment. For modeling, from nonlinear regression for fuzzy-statistical rating (scaling) and the Pearson correlation coefficients between of nitrate concentrations with scaling parameters of DRASTIC, P-DRASTIC model and sensitivity analysis (removal and single-parameter) were performed to determine and modify of parameters weighted.

As result P-RASIC-LU and RASIC-LU model with statistical rating and weighting, removal-parameter sensitivity analysis, determine as best selection model based on correlation coefficient = 62%, P-value = 0.01 and with parameters of net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use with the weighty values of 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.1, 2, 2 and 2.5, 4.63, 4.15, 3.03, 2, 1.96 consequently. According to this model, western and southern parts of the aquifer has high pollution risk due to high net recharge and coarse-grain material in the impact of vadose zone, soil and aquifer media.

Since reviewing of weight and rank of model parameters is limited personal opinions and increased model validation using statistical methods and GIS, It can be expected that favorable results to be followed for optimization of pollution risk model.

 Perception is our sensory experience of the surrounding world and requires the recognition of environmental stimulus and responses to them. Architecture is a multiple realm of sensory experiences that mutually affect each other and are interconnected and provide an opportunity for perception of a space. Throughout history, “ Iranian traditional bazaars”, with a vast collection of land uses and adjacent buildings, were lively centers of cities, and social interactions. These covered bazaars, which are valuable relics from the pre-modern era, can be considered as multi-sensory spaces, unlike contemporary shopping malls and shopping centers, which make sense of belonging to a place among users. Research

The present study attempts to qualitatively examines the senses cape components in the Qazvin Bazaar from the users’ viewpoint, considering the importance of sensory perception system in spatial perception and the role that this perception can play in the process of cognition and behavior. Research

The present study is a historical-descriptive research in which the data were analyzed using analytical-comparative techniques. The data were collected using secondary (desk) study and field study.

The results indicate that proper responses to various aspects of the sensory system in historical bazaars have created a multi-sensory environment while maintaining the interference of sensory domain. The qualitative cognition of the sense’s cape components in the present study determined that the visual landscape has the greatest role in the perception of environment, and like the tacti escape, it is fixed during the day. On the other hand, the soundscape and smells cape are considered as two stimuluses affecting the sensory enrichment of the environment, which have more changes during the day than other environmental stimulus.

Staying away from the family surroundings and lack of family support during old age can cause many problems for the elderly living in the nursing home; therefore, it is necessary to seek to identify and strengthen factors that reduce the vulnerability of the elderly to these problems. Therefore this study was done aimed to evaluation the effectiveness of spiritual-religion interventions based Islamic teaching on the feelings of rejection and defeat in the elderly referred to the nursing homes by their children.

Design of this study was semi-experimental type as pretest-posttest with control group.Statistical population consisted of all elderly referred to the nursing homes (by their children) in district 4 of Tehran in 2019.The sample studied were all 32 elderly people who were selected through convenience sampling method and were divided randomly into two groups- under training and control and members of the experimental group received spiritual-religion interventions.For collection data was used from Rejection Perception Scale and Defeat Feeling Questionnaire. Data Analyzing was conducted with ANCOVA and SPSS-22.

The results showed that spiritual-religion interventions based have significant effect on rejected feeling (F= 63.52, p

The hydrograph and maps of groundwater level variations in Kashan aquifer demonstrate that during 2002-2011 the level of groundwater with depth moderate of 72.06 meter has decreased about 5.5 meter. When dealing with the quality of water resources for defferent uses, collecting samples from all parts of a study area is not economically possible, In this regard zoning methods are powerful tools in the providing the data based on spatial-temporal variations. This research aimed, modeling of level, depth and spatial-temporal variations Kashan aquifer groundwater table based on Cross validation technique of different methods of deterministic and geostatistic interpolation in GIS environment.
water level data of 67 observational wells in the region have been surveyed and compared to mapping of Kashan groundwater level during 2002-2011. Cross validation techniques have been employed and some criteria such as mean biased error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 have been used to assess the performance of different methods and choosing the best one.
Findings: The results indicated that the local polynomials method with MBE = 0.444, MAE = 13.19, RMSE = 20.29 and R2 = 0.999 possessed the highest accuracy.
Discussion and Counclusion: As well as the results of this study showed that residential areas with high population due to the high aggravation of net recharge and forest areas increased groundwater level and activities in the industrial, agricultural and water extraction have caused a drastic reduction in groundwater level.