m. malekzadeh

 Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in societies and accounts for one third of all cancers in women. Breast cancer is known as the second cause of death due to cancer in women. As a result, the purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of hypnotherapy based on compassion and treatment on commitment and acceptance on the pain intensity of women with breast cancer in Yasuj, Iran.

The present clinical study was conducted in 2021 using a pre-test-post-test with two experimental groups and a control group. Its statistical population included all women suffering from breast cancer referred to Shahid Jaliel Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. Available sampling method was used to select the women of the sample group. In the present research, the visual pain intensity scale (VAS), which is a one-axis scale, was used. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of multivariate covariance, independent t, paired t, Levin, post hoc test, LSD post hoc test, and Shapirowilk.

 The results regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of hypnotherapy based on compassion with treatment based on commitment and acceptance on the pain intensity of women with breast cancer in Yasuj indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the post-test of pain intensity among women with breast cancer. 0/05). Therefore, it can be said that there was a significant difference between the two methods of hypnotherapy based on compassion and treatment based on commitment and acceptance on the pain intensity of women with breast cancer (p>0.05). The post hoc test, with a significance level of 0.001 and a mean difference of 1.80, indicated a significant difference between the effectiveness of hypnotherapy based on compassion and treatment based on commitment and acceptance on pain intensity.

Breast cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors and is the main cause of cancer death in women. Therefore, early diagnosis and foreknowledge have become necessary to increase survival and reduce mortality in the long term. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, counseling centers can improve the psychological state of cancer patients by two methods of hypnotherapy based on compassion. Use with commitment and acceptance therapy.

In patients with cancer, sleep quality is disturbed and they need treatment. Considering to the side effects of medication, complementary therapy can be helpful. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the effect of two methods of compassionate hypnotherapy and commitment and acceptance therapy on the sleep quality in women with breast cancer.

The research method was quiz-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The sample size was 45 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and using block randomization were allocated in 3 groups compassionate hypnotherapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and control group (each group 15 patients). In group 1, compassionate hypnotherapy intervention and in group 2, acceptance and commitment therapy intervention was performed during 8 sessions. Before and after the intervention, the study groups completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). The data was analyzed by SPSS 21 using Chi-square, ANCOVA and MANCOVA

The results showed a significant difference in the average sleep quality between the control, acceptance commitment therapy and compassionate hypnotherapy groups (P=0.001. The average sleep quality in both companionate hypnotherapy and acceptance and commitment groups were significantly higher than the control group. In addition, a significant improvement in the sleep quality score was indicated in the compassionate hypnotherapy group compared to the acceptance Commitment therapy group (P=0.001).

The results was showed the effect of both interventions on improving sleep quality, however, the compassionate hypnotherapy intervention was better. Therefore, the compassionate hypnotherapy was recommended.

Intruduction:

Increasing industrial activities with the production of pollutants, including heavy metals, is one of the serious problems of modern communities, which has led to their accumulation in the environment. Heavy metals are also one of the important pollutants in landfill leachate. Plants and soil near the landfill may be contaminated by the leachate. Landfilling is the oldest method of solid waste disposal which can be a threat to the environment and health. Due to its easy operation and cost-effective, landfill is the most widely used method of municipal solid waste disposal in the world. Pollution cleaning technologies to reduce the harmful effects in the locations contaminated with heavy metals can be done by physical, chemical and biological methods. Phytoremediation, as a biological method, uses the green plants to extract, sequester, and detoxify pollutants. This method is a low-cost technique, environmentally friendly, and due to the non-production of by-products, is non-destructive for natural ecosystems. Considering the high moisture of wastes in Iran and their potential to produce leachate, as well as the possibility of contamination of water and soil in the landfill, especially with heavy metals, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the accumulation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in the soil, shoots and roots of artiplex (Atriplex sp.) and oleander (Nerium olander) plants in Aradkooh landfill of Tehran.

This study was conducted in Aradkooh landfill which is located in the south of Tehran in the Kahrizak region. About 5200 tons of municipal solid waste were sent to this landfill every day. A part of the solid waste in Aradkoh was placed in various processes to energy and compost, and about 2500 tons of the solid waste was landfilled. According to previous reports, it is estimated that 250 cubic meters of leachate are produced daily in the Aradkoh landfill. In the studied landfill, there is an atriplex plant in four areas and a hand-planted oleander in one area. Ten samples of soil, root, and shoot, totaling 120 total were randomly selected from each growing area of the atriplex plant. Oleander shoots and soil were also tested from 10 different plants for a total of 40 samples. Then the levels of Cd and Pb in the soil, roots, and shoots were assessed. In this study, the outcomes were analyzed employing four key indices: the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the translocation factor (TF), the pollution index (PI), and PINemerow. The BCF and TF indices were employed to assess the phytoextraction and phytostabilization capabilities of plants, while the PI and PINemerow methods were used to pinpoint the most environmentally hazardous heavy metal in the soil.

 According to the results, the concentration of Pb and Cd in  shoots of atriplex  area 2 (with an average of 19.7 and 5.75 mg/kg, respectively) were significantly higher than in other areas, while the concentration of these metals in root of oleander (with an average of 8.17 and 1.06 for Pb and Cd, respectively) were higher than the shoot. The amount of Pb element in soil of the oleander plant (with an average of 35.13 mg/kg) and Cd in soil of the atriplex area 2 (with an average of 3.78 mg/kg) were significantly higher than other areas. Additionally, the levels of heavy metals in the soil of two plants were higher than the Nemerow index, which indicated high levels of pollution in the sampling areas, but still below the safe levels that was set by national standards (3.9 and 300 mg/kg for Cd and Pb respectively) and the World Health Organization (5 and 40 mg/kg for Cd and Pb, respectively). In addition, bioaccumulation factor of shoot in all growth atriplex areas for Pb and Cd (with an average of 1.44 and 1.3, respectively) were higher than 1.0 while, the root bioaccumulation factors of this plant in any of the growth areas, were not higher than 1.0. In the case of oleander, the shoot and root bioconcentration factors  for Pb and Cd were not reported more than one.

In general, it appears that atriplex, a native plant in the Aradkooh landfill, exhibits superior capabilities for absorbing heavy elements compared to oleander. Therefore, atriplex seems well-suited for the extraction of Pb and Cd from the soil, as it can accumulate these metals in its shoots. In contrast, oleander is not well-suited for phytostabilization or phytoextraction of these elements, as it exhibits limited ability to accumulate these heavy metals in its roots and shoots. Consequently, atriplex can be a valuable choice as a resilient species for phytoremediation projects in landfills and areas near mines. It is worth noting that the Pb content in the soil is higher than that of Cd. Although both metals fall within the permissible limits of national and WHO standards, the soil in the Aradkooh landfill is considered to be significantly polluted based on the Nemerow index.

Children and adolescents are more exposed to trauma due to their physiological conditions and growth processes. After the discharge, the complications caused by trauma affect the quality of life of children and adolescents or their families. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of using the IDEAL discharge planning on the quality of life of children and adolescents with trauma.

In this quasi-experimental study, 150 traumatized children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years admitted to the trauma department of Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023 were selected by available sampling method and divided into two groups of 75 people (intervention and control). For patients in the intervention group, training on the IDEAL discharge model was implemented, and control group received routine training. Varni et al.'s Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale, version 4, was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software through independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test.

After the intervention, the mean quality of life score in the intervention group showed a significant improvement compared to the control group (p<0.01). In the intra-group comparison, in each of the intervention and control groups, the average quality of life score after the intervention showed a significant increase compared to before the intervention (p=0.001), but this increase was higher in the intervention group than in the control group.

The IDEAL discharge planning method increases and improves the quality of life in children and adolescents with trauma.

The medical staff involved in the fight against the Covid-19 disease experience high physical and mental pressures. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the psychological symptoms of healthcare workers at risk and compare them with other populations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing psychological symptoms in the medical staff of specialized medical centers with the medical staff of non-specific Corona centers.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a comparative type that was conducted from August to December 2021. The statistical population was all the medical staff of specific and non-specific Corona medical centers of hospitals in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed state in 2021. 169 of them were selected using the available sampling method. Questionnaires for demographic information, patient health (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh sleep quality (PSQI) was used. SPSS-25 statistical software, descriptive indices, independent t-test, and chi-square (chi-square) test were used for data analysis.

97 people (57.40%) of the participants were in special medical centers for Corona and 72 people (42.60%) were in non-specific medical centers for Corona. There was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of the participant infected with Corona (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of anxiety (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them in terms of depression and sleep quality (P<0.05).

Considering the high anxiety of the frontline medical staff, it is necessary to design and implement trainings and interventions based on anxiety reduction for them.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in addition to reducing the quality of life, correspondingly affects the social and economic performance of individuals and their daily lives. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of PMS and some related factors among female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

In the present descriptive-analytic study, 193 female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences whom met the inclusion criteria, were selected through convenience sampling. In addition to demographic form, the PSST questionnaire (to screen the premenstrual syndrome) and short form of WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) were used. After receiving the ethics code, required permissions, and the informed consent form, the research questionnaires were filled out by the participants. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and Chi square, t-test as well as ANOVA tests.

In this study 73 students (37.8%) had PMS and 24 students (12.4%) had PMDD. The results displayed that people with physical activity had significantly less PMS or PMDD than those without physical activity (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in mean body mass index in the three groups of people with PMS, PMDD and healthy (p> 0.05). The results correspondingly indicated that the mean of physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life in healthy people was significantly higher than the two groups with PMS and PMMD (p <0.05).

Given the relatively high prevalence of PMS among college students, the attention of university officials to this issue and the development of students’ mental health is important. Due to the association of this disease with physical activity and exercise, encouraging students to do regular exercise can reduce the severity of PMS symptoms and its complications.

Clinical communication is an essential skill for dental students. One of the best methods for evaluating medical students' achievement and their clinical skills is the Objective Structured Clinical Examination. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical communication skills of dental students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences based on the Objective Structured Clinical Examination.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 51 students of the School of Dentistry of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Students of the general dental course were selected by the census sampling method. Students were invited through an announcement. The students' clinical communication skills were evaluated using Objective Structured Clinical Examination that in each station were one standardized patient. Students' clinical communication skills were evaluated by four assessors, according to a checklist whose validity had been verified. Collected data entered SPSS software version 24 and analyzed using Pearson correlation and independent t-test.

The mean score and standard deviation of the clinical communication skills of dental students were 1.97±0.38, which indicates that the clinical communication skills of students are at a medium level. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between clinical communication skills and gender (p≤0.05), and women have better patient-centered skills. The results also showed that communication skills were not associated with average academic grades (p>0.05).

Students' clinical communication skills are not at the desired level.

 Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis in adults, and fatigue is one of its most common symptoms. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining conservation of energy resources strategies and Hatha yoga on fatigue severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

 This clinical trial study was carried out on all eligible patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital and private clinics in Yasouj, Iran, in 2020-2021. Seventy-five patients were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to three intervention groups (energy saving strategies, Hatha yoga, combined energy-saving strategy, and Hatha yoga). Data were collected through the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory questionnaire in three intervention groups in the first session before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software through one-way analysis of variance.

There was no significant difference in the mean score of fatigue severity between study groups before the intervention (p<0.05). A significant decrease was observed in the mean score of fatigue (p>0.001) in the combined methods of Hatha yoga and conservation of energy resources strategies (32.3±78.76) than Hatha Yoga (38.28±2.66) and conservation strategies of energy resources groups (42.52±3.83).

 Conservation of energy resources, Hatha yoga and a combination of conservation of energy resources, and Hatha yoga, improved fatigue severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the combined intervention was more effective than the other two methods.

Problems caused by substance abuse among consumers reduce self-efficacy to deal with physical, social and psychological problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy as a group on the self-efficacy of coping with problems in people referring to residential and semi-residential centers for addiction quitting in Yasuj city.

The present research was a clinical trial study. The statistical population consisted of all drug-dependent patients referring to residential and semi-residential addiction treatment centers in Yasuj city in 2015-2016. 40 patients were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this study included a self-efficacy questionnaire to deal with the problems of Chesney et al. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy interventions were performed on the experimental group at 8 sessions of one hour and a half once a week, but no interventions were performed on the control group. After the intervention, both experimental (experimental and control) groups were tested. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software and statistical tests of covariance analysis.

The mean and deviation of the pre-test score of the self-efficacy test were 80.17 ± 35.80 in the experimental group and 76.70 4 4.64 in the control group. Also, the mean and deviation of the post-test self-efficacy test scores were 12.26 48 26.48 in the experimental group and 77.7 09 4.94 in the control group. The findings indicated that dialectical behavioral therapy, as a group, led to an increase in the self-efficacy of coping with the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001).

Dialectical behavioral therapy can increase the effectiveness of coping with the problems of hospitalized patients in addiction treatment centers. Furthermore, mental health professionals can use this treatment as an effective treatment strategy in treating other psychological problems of patients with substance abuse.

Anxiety among medical students is a major psychological problem and in the newest meta-analysis, its global prevalence rate is estimated to be 33.8%. Accordingly and since spiritual intelligence training can affect to resolve fundamental issues and enhance individuals' adaptability, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of spiritual intelligence training on the anxiety of medical sciences students.

In this randomized clinical trial in 2016, 50 students from Yasuj and Larestan Universities of medical sciences-Iran were selected using purposive sampling method and divided into intervention and control groups with the equal members through random block allocation of 4. While the control group did not receive any intervention, the spiritual intelligence training accomplished for the intervention group. At the beginning of the study and one month after intervention, the trait and state anxiety of students were measured using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, through Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test.

At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the amount of the trait and state anxiety (p>0.05). One month after the intervention, the amount of the trait and state anxiety in the intervention group was significantly less than these amounts in the control group, as well compared to these amounts at the beginning of the study (p<0.05).

The spiritual intelligence training causes a decrease in the trait and state anxiety of medical sciences students.

In this paper, the effect of using various intelligent algorithms to optimize the adaptive neuro-fuzzy disturbance observer has been investigated .First, a model reference adaptive control is designed for the spacecraft simulator. Then, in order to reduce the disturbance effect, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy disturbance observer is used. In this paper, the fuzzy system is optimized using Intelligent Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Bee Colony, Ant Colony Optimization, and especially Policy Gradient Particle Swarm Algorithm, which speeds up and optimizes the response. The Policy Gradient Particle Swarm algorithm is a combination of gradient policy reinforcement learning and particle swarming ideas and is a hybrid optimization method to control a nonlinear complex system with many applications in the real world. In this method, influenced by reinforcement idea, the policy gradient for a non-fossilized system is calculated, and in the optimization of particle swarm relations, optimization is performed in addition to the factors included in the congestion methods in the direction of the policy gradient. It is intended to optimize the fuzzy neuro system parameters and input and output data in the cost function. Finally, the neuro-fuzzy systems optimized by these algorithms are compared and it is shown that the gradient particle swarm algorithm performs better than the particle swarm algorithm.

Asthma is one of the common, chronic respiratory diseases which psychological factors play an important role in it and comorbidities of several psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and panic attacks are common in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypnosis on pulmonary function and severity of the disease in asthmatic patients.

This randomized clinical trial study, was carried out on 64 asthmatic patients, who referred to the clinic of Shahid Mofattah in Yasuj, Iran in 2010. The subjects were selected by purposeful sampling method, and randomly assigned into the tow group of the intervention (subjects were treated by solo hypnosis in a 90-minute session and conventional treatments) and control group (subjects were treated by conventional treatments, in addition, providing an explanation about requirement care point for improvement of asthma in 15 minutes) by use of balanced block randomization. In addition to completing demographic information at the beginning of the study, determination of pulmonary function and asthma severity were conducted respectively through measurement of FEV1 and NAEPP classification (EPR-3) at the starting point of the study and one month after the completion of the research intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, through independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, Chi-square test, and marginal homogeneity test.

one month after completing the research intervention, the FEV1 in the intervention group increased than the control group and the severity of asthma in the intervention group decreased than the control group.

Hypnosis as an adjuvant treatment is effective in the improvement of pulmonary function and reducing the disease severity in asthmatic patients.