نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 157، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Anxiety can affect the outcome of spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount by using a suitable drug with few complications. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the intravenous Propofol and Midazolam on sedation and nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

The present clinical trial study was conducted at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2020. One-hundred and two candidates underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia randomly in two groups of 51 intravenously injecting propofol (0.2 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) after weaning. Demographic and obstetric data, hemodynamic status, sedation score (Ramsey), time of onset of sedation and duration of sedation, nausea, and vomiting were compared in the two groups in the first hour after drug injection. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and Mann-Whitney statistical tests.

The onset of sedation (4.72 ±0.60 vs. 1.43 ±60 min) and the duration of sedation (55.00± 6.92 vs. 44.60 ±7.13 min) were less in the propofol group than in the midazolam group (For both outcomes (p =0.001). Mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of anxiety after drug administration up to 5 minutes with a significant difference in the propofol group less than both groups had similar conditions. Mean sedation score after drug administration up to 10 minutes in the group) Propofol was higher in the midazolam group from 50 to 60 minutes, with a prevalence of nausea and vomiting during surgery in the midazolam group of 5.9% and in the propofol group of 2% (p = 0.217). Hypotension in the midazolam group was 3.9%. In addition, the propofol group was 19.6% (p = 0.028). The frequency of tachycardia, bradycardia, headache, chills, and recollection showed no significant difference between the two groups. Injection of the drug up to 10 minutes was significantly higher than the propofol group (P = <0.05).

Propofol is effective due to its sedative effect, reduction of anxiety and nausea and vomiting in cesarean section patients under anesthesia. However, due to hypotension, it is better to take the necessary preventive precautions.

Worldwide, the use of benzodiazepines as hypnotics and sedatives is on the rise. Alprazolam and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) produce calming and sleep-inducing by affecting GABA, which is one of the known neurotransmitters of the brain. There are findings indicating that GABA has been found in the body's endocrine glands, including the ovary. In this research, due to the similarity of the endocrine reproductive control system of fish to humans and having the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis the comparison of the effects of the gabanergic drug alprazolam and the passion flower on the ovarian tissue of three-spotted gourami fish was chosen as the target.

In the present basic-experimental study carried out in 2022, 120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus with an average weight of 3 ± 0.5g were purchased from ornamental fish farm in Hamedan, Iran. The pieces were divided into eight groups of 15, which included the intact control group, the solvent control group, three treatment groups which received Alprazolam with a dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg and three treatment groups receiving Passiflora incarnata extract with doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. A dose of 0.02 ml of the drug was injected intramuscularly between the dorsal fin and the lateral line every other day for 10 times, over a period of 20 days. Finally, the fish were euthanized and dissected. The ovaries of the fish were isolated and examined with optical and electron microscope, and ELIZA kit was used to measure steroid hormones from tissue fluids. The data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and statistical methods of one-way ANOVA and Duncan at the level of p≤0.05.

According to the obtained results, alprazolam up to a maximum concentration of 100 mg/kg had stimulating effects on the maturation of the ovaries of Trichogaster trichopterus and caused an increase in steroid hormones in them. On the other hand, evening primrose extract has an inhibitory effect on ovarian development in doses of 25-100 mg/kg.

According to the results, alprazolam was probably a stimulant of gonadal development, while extract of Passiflora incarnata inhibited it.

Obesity as a global challenge is caused by positive energy balance. Increasing the intensity of physical activity is related to reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and probably for this reason, it leads to the improvement of blood lipoproteins. Also, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the role of various plants in reducing blood fats and thus reducing obesity-related diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the effect of 6 weeks of intense interval training with fenugreek supplement on lipid profile and body composition indices of overweight and obese women.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted in Birjand, Iran, in 2019. Forty-eight obese and overweight women with an average age of 29.79±7.8 years and a body mass index of 29.29±2.6 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 including; The groups of exercise + placebo, exercise + supplement, supplement and placebo were placed. The exercise groups performed three sessions of intense interval training protocol (shuttle run) at maximum speed during 6 weeks and every week. Blood sampling was done 48 hours before and 48 hours after the training period and taking supplements. The collected data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, covariance and post-hoc Scheffé statistical tests.

Research findings indicated a significant decrease in TG, in the groups of exercise (p=0.001), supplement (p=0.003) and exercise + supplement (p=0.0001), significant decrease TC in exercise groups (p=0.001), supplement (p=0.001), exercise + supplement (p=0.0001), significant reduction of LDL in exercise groups (p=0.001) p), supplement (p=0.002) and exercise + supplement (p=0.0001), significant weight loss in the groups of exercise (p=0.0001), supplement (p=0.007) and exercise + supplement (p=0.0001), fat percentage in exercise groups (p=0.0001), supplement (p=0.0001) and exercise + supplement (p=0.0001) and BMI in the group exercise (p=0.001), supplement (p=0.001) and exercise + supplement (p=0.0001) and no significant change in HDL (p=0.18) and WHR (0.78) were observed.

According to the results of the present study, it appeared that HIIT exercise along with the consumption of fenugreek supplement could be effective in preventing the occurrence of some diseases related to obesity.

Globally, stroke ranks as the second most common cause of death and places a substantial financial burden on society. Stroke imposes a significant burden on the global health system. Clinical manifestations of stroke can quickly cause mild to severe nerve damage, which is mainly caused by lack of blood flow, but the impact of a stroke goes beyond the initial brain damage. The progression of cognitive decline may be even more important than stroke, as post-stroke cognitive impairment affects stroke survivors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on memory and mood regulation among stroke patients residing in Yasuj, Iran.

A semi-experimental research design was employed in the present study, which included a pretest, posttest, and a 6-month follow-up. The study focused on stroke patients between the ages of 20 and 60 residing in Yasuj, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Thirty individuals were purposefully selected from the statistical population, and then, using random sampling were divided into two groups, experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals). The experimental group underwent 22 sessions of 90-minute treatments. To collect research data, the following measures were used: Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the protocol for neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment, the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Harrington's frustration tolerance questionnaire, and the go/no-go test. The statistical analysis of the research data was conducted by utilizing the covariance or variance test with repeated measurements along with the Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS-21 software.

The results indicated that the neuro-psychotherapeutic rehabilitation approach had a significant effect on memory (F=92.37, p=0.001), as well as on the components of mood management, including anxiety (F=90.42, p=0.001), depression (F=85.6, p=0.001), learned helplessness (F=68.9, p=0.001), and reactivity (F=46.8, p=0.001) in individuals with stroke.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that among the therapeutic methods useful for memory rehabilitation and mood management, neuropsychological rehabilitation is one of the most effective methods.

The use of medicinal plants has been common among people since ancient times, and in recent years special attention has been paid to their therapeutic consumption. As oxidative stress is one of the possible causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the aim of the present study was to determine and compare the antioxidative effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of fruit and pit of Elaeagnud angosifolia against oxidative stress markers in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

In the present semi-experimental study conducted in 2021 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, 96 patients over 45 years of age with benign prostatic hyperplasia with International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) below 20 were randomly assigned to two groups receiving placebo (600 mg of white wheat flour for one month) and drug (600 mg of hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry for one month). Blood samples were taken from each patient before and after the study to check the level of oxidative stress factors, including total thiol (TSH), total plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and at the end of the study, was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Will-Coxon and Mann-Whitney tests.

The results of the present study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry kernel and fruit increased the MDA level in the group receiving the extract (480.7±65 vs. 457.8±51) compared to the placebo group (454.8±50 vs. 36±36). 447/3) decreased, however, this decrease was not significant. Also, the amount of NO metabolites in the group receiving the hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry kernel and fruit (6.7±7.8 to 15.7±9) compared to the placebo group (5.5±3 versus 16.6±9) indicated a lower increase. This increase was correspondingly not significant. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of FRAP and TSH between the drug and placebo groups (p<0.05).

It appeared that the consumption of hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry fruit and kernel could be able to reduce the amount of oxidative stress in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients by reducing lipid peroxidation and also inhibiting NO production.

The prominent role of HIF1α gene in adaptation to aerobic exercise has been confirmed. So far, there is no accurate information about the genotypes of this gene, so the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the amount of changes in maximum oxygen consumption in response to aerobic exercise among carriers of different HIF-1α genotypes.

The present semi-experimental study of developmental and applied type was conducted in 2021. The studied samples were 23 inactive overweight women (height 157 ± 2.8 cm, weight 74 ± 1.8 kg, age 38 ± 5.4 years, body mass index 32 ± 2.4 kg/m2, selection and They participated in 8 weeks of aerobic training including 5 sessions per week and each session lasting 30 minutes with increasing intensity (55-75% of maximum heart rate). Before and after the training period, aerobic power (VO2max) was measured through the Bruce test. Sample Saliva was collected from all the subjects within 24 hours and sent to the laboratory to determine the genotype. The subjects were divided into two genotypic groups, including CC and CT. The collected data were analyzed using Levin's and independent t-tests at the 95% confidence level. became

The findings indicated that the aerobic capacity of CC and CT genotypes of HIF1-α gene increased. No significant difference was observed between the two genotype groups (p=0.079 and p=0.544). Although to some extent, the average value of changes in aerobic power of CT genotype after 8 weeks of aerobic training was higher than the other two genotypes, but this difference was not significant.

Eight weeks of aerobic training led to an increase in aerobic capacity in inactive obese women, and in this regard, the increase of HIF1-α followed by the induction of hypoxia plays a role. However, it does not seem that there is a difference between the different genotypes of the gene. HIF1-α is present in these changes.

Evaluation is an integral part of educational programs and undoubtedly, for conducting appropriate evaluation Students should be evaluated in simulated conditions of the future workplace. The purpose of the present study was to design, implement and evaluate an objective structured practical test to assess the practical capabilities of environmental health engineering students at Yasuj Health Faculty in 2020-2021.

In the present descriptive study, 18 senior students of Environmental Health Engineering of Yasuj School of Health and Nutrition Sciences in 2021 were studied. The study instruments were checklists from eleven different stations, which were prepared based on the training program of the relevant course and Its content validity was examined by a panel of experts. Students' skills were evaluated in each station by the evaluator using a checklist. At the end, students completed the Survey form. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS20 software and t-test, Mann-Whitney and correlation tests were used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that the average score of stations was more than 50% (63.54). Students in nine stations had a score above 50%, which indicated that the selected stations could be a suitable criterion for evaluating practical skills and OSFE exam was a suitable alternative to written and oral tests at the end of the semester. The score of two stations was less than 50%. This was due to the virtual nature of universities during the COVID-19 epidemic and it was not possible for the students to perform the necessary skills sufficiently during the study period. Stations with an average score of more than 70% indicate the mastery of students in the skills they have learned in laboratories and health-treatment centers. The level of students' satisfaction with the test was also 77.94%.

According to the level of student satisfaction (77.94), it can be said that this exam is a suitable and student-friendly method for assessment and its use is suitable for different courses. Given the average scores that are above average, it seems necessary to review the evaluation methods in the practical sections.

The medical staff involved in the fight against the Covid-19 disease experience high physical and mental pressures. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the psychological symptoms of healthcare workers at risk and compare them with other populations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing psychological symptoms in the medical staff of specialized medical centers with the medical staff of non-specific Corona centers.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a comparative type that was conducted from August to December 2021. The statistical population was all the medical staff of specific and non-specific Corona medical centers of hospitals in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed state in 2021. 169 of them were selected using the available sampling method. Questionnaires for demographic information, patient health (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh sleep quality (PSQI) was used. SPSS-25 statistical software, descriptive indices, independent t-test, and chi-square (chi-square) test were used for data analysis.

97 people (57.40%) of the participants were in special medical centers for Corona and 72 people (42.60%) were in non-specific medical centers for Corona. There was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of the participant infected with Corona (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of anxiety (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them in terms of depression and sleep quality (P<0.05).

Considering the high anxiety of the frontline medical staff, it is necessary to design and implement trainings and interventions based on anxiety reduction for them.

One of the global challenges regarding HIV patients is the increased sensitivity to intracellular pathogens such as tuberculosis. CD4+ cells are the main defense element against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but in these people, as their number decreases, the risk of tuberculosis increases, even antiretroviral treatments sometimes cause unknown manifestations of tuberculosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with HIV by microscopic and molecular methods.

The present descriptive study was conducted on 100 cases of HIV-infected patients who had completed more than 6 months of antiretroviral treatment, by recording their demographic characteristics. First, three sputum samples were taken from the patients at certain times in accordance with the standard principles of laboratory and immunobiology in the open air, and they were stained by the following Nelson method and examined microscopically. Then, their blood samples were analyzed with cell counter and Real-Time PCR to measure CD4+ and determine the viral load, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, homogeneity of variance (LON) and LSD post hoc statistical tests.

The average CD4+ count and viral load in this community were determined as 722/8 and 177/5 respectively. Only two percent of the population (both women) had simultaneous HIV/TB infection. There was no significant relationship between infection and the variables of age, gender, marital status and education (p>0.1). There was a direct significant relationship between the variables of treatment length and CD4+ count (p<0/05) and between them with viral load. There was an inverse significant relationship (p<0/01).

Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients. With the lack of a vaccine for HIV and the lack of an effective vaccine for TB, it is necessary to design strategies to deal with HIV-TB co-infection.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common psychological consequence of traumatic events, which is usually accompanied by functional impairment, which is often accompanied by other psychological disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indicators of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients referred to the examination department of the General Administration of Forensic Medicine of Fars province.

The present study was a cross-sectional one conducted in the years 2020 and 2021. In the present study, 160 participants were selected accidentally among people who experienced trauma and referred to the forensic medical examination centers in Shiraz. In this study, people with the age of 18 years or more who agreed to participate in the study and who were referred for the purpose of evaluating injuries caused by trauma, were included in the study. In this study, the participants were evaluated using the Trauma Exposure Questionnaire (PCL-5) and DSM-5 post-traumatic stress disorder levels.

In the present study, 160 people referred to the forensic medical examination unit were examined, including 91 men (56.87%) and 69 women (43.12%). Of these, 75 people (46.87%) qualified for PTSD based on ICD-10 criteria. The average age of the subjects was 45.67 ± 11.96 years, the youngest of whom was 18 years old and the oldest was 75 years old. Among the subjects studied, 9 people (12.00%) had a history of drinking alcoholic beverages, 6 people (8.00%) had a history of addiction, and 26 people (34.66%) had a history of smoking. On the other hand, 13 of the participants in this study had a history of visiting psychiatrists and psychologists and taking medication for psychological disorders. PTSD clinical evaluations measured in the studied subjects showed subclinical PTSD in 15 people, clinical form in 31 people, sub-group I PTSD in 7 people, sub-group II PTSD in 13 people, sub-group III PTSD in 6 people and Subgroup IV PTSD was observed in 3 people.

The results of this study indicate a considerable frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma clients referred to the examination department of the General administration of Forensic Medicine in Shiraz. Psychological support for victims of traumatic events is of great importance in order to prevent secondary complications and prevent chronic PTSD in people.

The start of the corona virus epidemic was from China, this epidemic changed the lifestyle in different countries. One of the most important changes was in the field of education. Many education systems around the world changed from face-to-face to face-to-face and virtual. Students were forced to spend too much time at home looking at digital screens. Long-term presence in the closed environment of houses led to many problems, including obesity, mental and intellectual problems, and most importantly, the increase in the incidence of myopia. In the meantime, students in rural and low-income areas were forced to attend in-person education in schools due to the lack of non-attendance education facilities. We believe that the mentioned problems, including myopia, in these people are due to exposure to risk factors that were less in the other group.