mahnaz mohammadzadeh

Organic farming involves the use of indigenous knowledge and experiences and new scientific information to reduce or control use of different chemicals and drugs in the production of animal products, including organic milk, which is a flow and promising product produced in different countries across the world. The purpose of this study was to identify the potentials and prerequisites of organic milk production in rural and nomadic areas from the viewpoints of experts in Ardabil province. This study was a descriptive-correlation research in which statistical population consisted of experts  from  Organization of Jihade-Agriculture and consultancy-technical private companies in Ardabil province (N=200) out of which a sample of 130 people were selected in accordance with Krejtsy & Morgan sampling table. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was applied to select the samples. For collecting data, a questionnaire was developed based on an information provided by literature review. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert judgment who were some people working in the area of  organic production and faculty members of in the Department of Agricultural Management and Development in the University of Tehran. The reliability of the interview instrument was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, its values were found between 0.85 and 0.94, respectively. The data analysis has identified five potentials viz., economic, environmental, technical, production and yield-related. The results also showed that seven basic requisites for organic milk production are social, economic, research, regulatory, institutional, education and awareness and policy implications. According to the results, Ardabil province has substantial potential for organic livestock production, including organic milk, which requires the creation of basic infrastructure in various fields.

Drought is one of the most serious natural disasters in terms of extent and magnitude of the economic damage it entails and the irreparable damages it causes to the agricultural sector and the water resources of the country. This research study was conducted to investigate water management solutions by small scale farmers in drought conditions in the Isfahan province. This study is based on the nature of quantitative research, it is of the non-exponential type in terms of control of variables, and it is done by the descriptive-correlation method in terms of method and it is in the form of applied research. The statistical population consists of all small-scale farmers in the Isfahan province and the study was done in drought conditions. According to the statistics center of Iran, the total number of small scale farmers in the Isfahan province is about 166030 people. The sample size in this group was selected to be 394 people using the Morgan’s table. The sample size in this group was determined using Morgan table and a sample of 394 persons were chosen by the proportional allocation method. The main instrument for collecting data is a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by professors and its reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.95). The results show that small-scale farmers use various methods for water management in dealing with droughts that were identified through factor analysis in three categories of water management, farm-management, technical management, information management and social capital management.

Nowadays, Robots account for most part of our lives in such a way that it is impossible for us to do many of affairs without them. Increasingly, the application of robots is developing fast and their functions become more sensitive and complex. One of the important requirements of Robot use is a reliable software operation. For enhancement of reliability, it is a necessity to design the fault tolerance system. In this paper, we will present a genetic algorithm and learning automata with high reliability to evaluate the software designed into the robot against soft-error with minimum performance over-head. This method relies on experiment; hence, we use the program sets as criteria in evaluation stages. Indeed, we have used the error injection method in the execution of experimental processes. Relevant data, regarding program execution behavior were collected and then analyzed. To evaluate the behavior of program, errors entered using the simple scalar simulation software.

Now-a-days، due to the quick growth of science and technology، institutionalization of learning organizations sounds as more important among public service organizations، and that is because they should be able to offer better services to their customers in accordance with the quick changes of science and technology. One of these organizations to be emphasized upon is Jahad-e-Keshavarzi Organization، supposed to offer technical، consulting and educating-extension services in the field of agriculture. The purpose of this study is an analysis of apllication of different aspects of learning organizations in Jahad-e-Keshavarzi in Khorasan-e-Razavi province. This work، being an applied and non-experimental study، was carried out through a descriptive-correlation research design، DLOQ questionnaire being utilized to collect the data. The statistical population consisted of a group of 102 people of experts of Jahad-e-Keshavarzi Organization in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province (N=303). The results of the study revealed that the means achieved by Jahad-e-Keshavarzi Organization of Khorasan-e-Razavi province in 28 out of 37 items were recorded as lower than the acceptable level. Moreover، it was revealed that the aspects of continuous learning، dialogue and team learning، achieved were more realized than any other aspect in Jahad-e-Keshavarzi Organization of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The results of analytical statistics indicated that there was a significant correlation observed between different aspects of Learning Organization، and English proficiency، computer skills، and Internet use.