mohammad ahmadzadeh

The institution of sovereignty means the responsibility of the state towards citizens and individuals within its jurisdiction. This responsibility has many diverse aspects. In order to exercise national sovereignty, states exercise judicial powers and resolve disputes. One of the important issues here is the conviction of innocent individuals by the judicial system. After the innocence of the convicted, the most important issue that arises is compensation for the damages suffered by the said individuals. The purpose of the present study, which has been compiled using a descriptive-analytical method and library tools, is to explain the conditions for compensation for the damages suffered by innocent convicts in the laws of Iran and Islamic countries. The results of this study show that despite the existence of appropriate regulations and mechanisms for compensation for the aforementioned damages, some compensation conditions, such as placing the burden of proving the causal relationship between the damages incurred and the behavior of criminal justice actors on the innocent convicted persons, are not in line with the principles of justice and fairness as well as human rights standards; In this regard, it is necessary for Islamic countries to move towards reforming and adjusting the regulations governing compensation for damages incurred by innocent convicted persons.

Nowadays, organizational, commercial, and industrial systems have become more complex, and their connection to other networks such as the Internet is inevitable. Preserving the privacy of users and their communications is very important. Intrusion into these systems and data theft pose a constant threat to them. Studies have been conducted to detect intrusions in systems using statistical methods, machine learning, and neural networks. Given the leading performance of deep learning networks in various fields, their performance in the field of intrusion detection has also been highlighted. Based on this, the aim of this research is to present a method for detecting intrusions in systems connected to the Internet. This method uses federated learning and convolutional neural networks to cluster the data of each network node while preserving their privacy at the network level. This method can identify infected nodes and attacker users. Simulation of this method shows that its performance has improved compared to similar methods, achieving 93% accuracy in identifying infected nodes and showing less sensitivity to noise. Additionally, it has greater scalability and less communication overhead. This method can be used in various security systems, such as network intrusion detection systems, device intrusion detection systems, and operating system intrusion detection systems.

In recent years, competition for life and survival has reached the field of organizations and institutions, and in this regard, these structures have tended to use new tools in the present era to gain competitive advantage and more income. Today, one of the best ways that carefree organizations can use to improve performance for sustainable development in the electronic space is to design a business model based on their competitive advantages. The approach of the present study is a qualitative approach and data were collected by reviewing the literature and content analysis using the Delphi method by experts and the statistical sample includes 12 experts. Based on the findings, it was found that causal conditions have three categories (components). Motivation, creativity, innovation and agility of the organization) and, in-hospital factors with three categories (rules and regulations governing online businesses and government and policies and organizational culture) and intervention factors with two categories (security and communication considerations) strategies with three Categories (business environment dynamization and employee participation and self-fulfillment) and consequences have three categories (thinking room design and capacity development and mind empowerment). The results indicate that with the optimal design of online business model in carefree organizations, we can take steps towards the strategic goals of the organization.

Today, intrusion detection systems are extremely important in securing computers and computer networks. Correlated systems are next to intrusion detection systems by analyzing and combining the alarms received from them, appropriate reports for review and producing security measures. One of the problems face intrusion detection systems is generating a large volume of false alarms, so one of the most important issues in correlated systems is to check the alerts received by the intrusion detection system to distinguish true-positive alarms from false-positive alarms. The main focus of this research is on the applied optimization of classification methods to reduce the cost of organizations and security expert time in alert checking. The proposed Incrimental Intrusion Detetection Model using Correlator (IIDMC) is tested on a valid test dataset and the results show the efficiency of the proposed model and consequently its high accuracy.

Today, intrusion detection systems are extremely important in securing computers and computer networks. Correlated systems are next to intrusion detection systems by analyzing and combining the alarms received from them, appropriate reports for review and producing security measures. One of the problems face by intrusion detection systems is generating a large volume of false alarms, so one of the most important issues in correlated systems is to check the alerts received by the intrusion detection system to distinguish true-positive alarms from false-positive alarms. The main focus of this research is on the applied optimization of classification methods to reduce the cost of organizations and security expert time in alert checking. The proposed intrusion detection model using correlation(IIDMC) is tested on a valid test dataset and the results show the efficiency of the proposed model and consequently its high accuracy.

Today's successful organizations have recognized the importance of strong leadership that boosts and maintains the long-term productivity of employees and managers. The lack of managerial readiness for higher business because of lack of required skills and knowledge has also led organizations to think about designing a system of planning and Manage your successor. The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive succession model in the headquarters with a committed strategy approach to the Imam Khomeini Assistance Committee. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data was collected by interview and questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of the professors and Cronbach's alpha for all questions was higher than 0.7. The statistical population of this research is the headquarters of the Committee of Rescue of Iran, which is 600 people. By the Cochran formula, 234 people were identified as the statistical sample. In analyzing data, exploratory factor analysis was used through SPSS software. This study examined 8 indicators and measures and the results of these indicators showed that the dimensions of technology, individual competencies, supportive leadership, human resource planning, financial strategy, staff identification and training, organizational structure and policy, and greater transparency of the system had an impact on A comprehensive map of successors was among the Chief Executive Officers of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee.

Cucurbit plays an important role in human nutrition because of an ingredient of vitamin and other dietary substances. Cucurbit crops are very sensitive to viral infection. Over 35 viruses from Cucurbitaceae family have been reported. Plant viral diseases are major limiting factors for successful cultivation causing major yield losses in agricultural crops worldwide. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus, in the family Potyviridae has flexuous filamentous particles of about 750 nm in length and consists of a single-stranded RNA about 9.5kb. It was first reported in Italy in 1981. ZYMV is transmitted by certain species of aphids, by plant sap containing the virus and through infected seeds. ZYMV is one of the major pathogens of the family Cucurbitaceae. The common symptoms of ZYMV infection are local lesions, chlorotic mosaic, vein banding, yellowing, and stunting. Thrips-transmitted tospoviruses are economically important viruses affecting a wide range of field and horticultural crops worldwide. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the Orthospovirus genus in the family Tospoviridae with a broad host range of more than 900 plant species. TSWV has tripartite, ambisense, and single-stranded (ss) RNA genome transmitted by thrips in propagative and persistent manner and is ranked second among the top ten economically important viruses in the world. The aim of this research was to serological and molecular detection of ZYMV and TSWV on cucurbits of Guilan province and Urmia county and concerning their phylogenetic relationship with other isolates of the world.
In order to detect ZYMV and TSWV during the growing season of 2014, a total of 457 leaf samples of squash, watermelon, cucumber, melon and cantaloupe showing virus symptoms were collected from different fields of Guilan province and Urmia vicinity. DAS-ELISA was carried out on all samples using specific polyclonal antisera and samples with values at least twice the value of the negative control value according to the absorbance at 405 nm was accepted as positive. The samples which showed positive result in ELISA test were inoculated to Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn, C. quinoa Wild., Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita pepo L., Lycopersicon esculentum L., Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum var. Samsun and Gomphrena globosa L. Total RNA were extracted from positive samples in ELISA (for ZYMV) using RNXTM (-Plus) kit and RT-PCR was performed using ZYMV and TSWV specific primers corresponding to the CP and L-gene of these viruses, respectively. PCR positive products were sent for sequencing from both sides. Sequences were compared to data available in GenBank and multiple alignments of the nucleotide sequences and a phylogenetic tree were constructed by MEGA6 using the neighbor-joining method with a 1000 replicate bootstrap search.
Among 457 symptomatic samples collected from cucurbit fields of Guilan province and Urmia vicinity showing viral symptoms, 39 squash samples were infected by ZYMV but none of them by TSWV in ELISA test. Almost all inoculated plants showed symptoms of infection by ZYMV described in literature them. But this was different symptoms. An amplicon of the expected size (458 bp) was generated from ELISA positive samples during RT-PCR using specific primers but not from the healthy sample and no positive result for TSWV. Two PCR-positive samples of Guilan province and one Urmia isolate were sequenced and submitted to BLASTn. The results revealed that the PCR-amplified fragments of all samples belonged to ZYMV. The Kiashahr and Astaneh isolates showed maximum similarity (98%) with Czech Republic and Iran (Fars) isolates, and Urmia isolates showed the highest homology (99%) with Slovakia isolate in group A.
Viruses are known to greatly reduce cucurbitaceous yield. ZYMV is one of the most destructive and widespread plant pathogens. In this study, for the first time, molecular detection of ZYMV in squash fields of Guilan province and Urmia vicinity has been reported concerning its phylogenetic relationship with other isolates of the virus available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses based on CP gene indicated that the Iranian ZYMV isolates are closer to European isolates plus one Iranian isolate and clustered in group a clade. The data obtained in this study will be beneficial to improve control strategies for this virus in Iran and are the base for further work on ecology, epidemiology, and diversity of these viruses in these two regions. Further studies on ZYMV isolates from different geographic regions and hosts of these two regions and genetic diversity evaluation of the virus will be useful for breeders to make more efficient and durable resistant cultivars. TSWV was not detected in cucurbits of these two regions during this study. It has been reported only in Malaysia on cucurbits.

diesel engines namely, conventional and improved engines in terms of energy consumption and environmental concerns was investigated. The engines are operating in National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC). The comparison was made for different operating conditions and in various NITC supertankers, which were equipped with RTA type engine as the conventional type and RT-flex engine as the improved type (i.e. camshaft less). The data collection was performed based on daily fuel consumption and the rated fuel consumption was determined. The study showed that the rated fuel consumption of improved engines has been improved in comparison to conventional type and it is about 700 ton per month. Therefore, significant reduction in air pollution, which is about 38 tons of CO2 per month, was achieved.

Increasing th usage of soft silicon hydrogel lenses and the usage of this kind of contact lenses as seasonal contact lenses for period of three months in Iran and the fact that this priod is longer than the recommended time the manufacturer determined، we decide to evaluate the effect of three month usage of soft silicon hydrogel contact lenses on microbial contamination. In this cross sectional study we took fifty samples from the surface of soft silicon hydrogel lenses after three months usage and the microorganisms on their surface was evaluated. Microorganisms grown in medium containing Staphylococcus epidermidis، Staphylococcus Saprophiticus، Micrococcus، Eshrishio coli، Klebsiella، Proteous، Citrobacter and Corynebacterium diphteriae. Microbial contamination was observed in 48% of cases and 52% were found to have no contamination. Results showed that three month usage of soft silicon hydrogel lens increased the bacterial adhesion and ocular infection risk and this type of contact lenses must be used exactly as long as specified by the manufacturer.

The international system has certain characteristics that affect directly the foreign policy of countries. Meanwhile, the power system cycle is one of the most important features of world and regional system influencing on the aforesaid subject. In this regard, the system order resulted from a power cycle in the strategic policy making of units can have restricting role and influence the type of strategy. IRI is also one of the units of the international order, and thus it is not an exception. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the regional order in the Middle East and on that basis to determine strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. Based on this assumption, the study proposes that the relationship between the hegemonic world order and unstructured regional order, chaotic regional order would be formed in the Middle East, which can pose strategic threats for I.R. of Iran, justifying, in particular defensive strategy and passive defense strategies on the top of the country’s strategies in the Middle East. Therefore, the current article explains the prevailing order of the international system and regional order in the Middle East and sketches the nation’s strategies for regional foreign policy.

Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder. That occurs in association with diabetes mellitus، diabetes insipidus، and optic nerve atrophy، hearing loss، urinary tract infection and nervous complication. Case: The present report belong to a 24 years old girl who was effected by diabetes mellitus in 10 years old & has been effected by Diabetes insipidus، recurrent UTI، hearing loss and other type of disorders in 20 years old.

Strict control of blood glucose and regular fundoscopy، for early detection of optic atrophy are important. Step in management of this syndrome and quality of life is improved with hearing and vision aid tools.