mohammad javad esmaili

In the lives of all influential people (celebrities), there are relationships that are in the form of an infinite accumulation of performances. In such a way that they bring the role of a new world to the realm of society; and as a model of "identity formation" they enter the public arena. Celebrities unify and explain a wide variety of apparent phenomena; therefore, interdisciplinary studies of culture, society, and digital science are important. The diversity and contrast of these phenomena are the appearances of that socially organized appearance that itself must be recognized in its total truth. Therefore, the initial hypothesis of the article states that celebrities are elites with power and influence in society; they enjoy the acceptance of social and political activities, which are not legal and legitimate; therefore, they should not be active in their non-specialized fields. Considering the objectives of determining the characteristics of influential people for modeling, and showing the power and influence of celebrities and the practical application of the research results, the research method is "content analysis", because the mutual effects of mass communication require this specific technique. The method of collecting data from selected Iranian celebrities on the social network Instagram is using participatory observation and includes reading virtual content (comments and publications). Also, a qualitative method was used to analyze the data and to explain the cause and effect relationship between the data, the impact of various factors on the behavior of celebrities was analyzed. Therefore, what is established as a result of the investigation is the lack of acceptance of celebrities in political and social activity from the perspective of the people. Celebrities, as "elite" with power and influence in society, do not enjoy the general acceptance of political participation among the audience, and their political activities are not legal and legitimate; But celebrities, as a "reference group," have the right to participate in "social activities" alongside the public.

Various factors play a role in the social participation of celebrities in the virtual space. In recent years, due to the expansion of communication and "social networks", reference groups such as "celebrity" have been able to exert a visible effect on social and political activities with their followers; And sometimes they have created a flow of events in "public thoughts". Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of influencing factors on the "social participation" of celebrities in social networks and virtual space. Therefore, according to the set goals, and to check the level of acceptability of celebrities from the point of view of the audience, the method of research and investigation of the integrated problem of "quantitative and qualitative content analysis" has been used to explain the relationship; whose data includes 32 Instagram posts from 24 selected celebrities (with the most followers); And also 281 audience comments, which have been measured and evaluated. Therefore, in collecting data and coding it, the "quantitative descriptive" method of content analysis was used to evaluate the items, and the "interpretive qualitative" method of content analysis was used in the influence of various factors on the behavior of celebrities and the influence of the audience. The findings of this research include the confirmation of the social participation of celebrities and the disapproval of the political participation of Iranian celebrities in social networks such as "Instagram". The result of this research shows that although celebrities as "elites" have the power and influence of the society with the general acceptability of political participation in the eyes of the audience, and also their political activities are not legal and legitimate; But celebrities as a "reference group" have the right to participate in "social activities" alongside people; And finally, it will not be permissible from the audience's point of view to operate in their non-specialized fields and direct an event with the tools of fame they have acquired.

Celebrities unite a wide variety of visual phenomena; Interdisciplinary cultural, social, and digital science studies are therefore important. The socially organized appearance of celebrities must, in fact, be fully recognized. Therefore, the initial hypothesis of the article is that celebrities are the elites with the power and influence of society; they enjoy social and political activities, which are not legal; Therefore, they should not be active in their non-specialized fields.According to the goals of determining the characteristics of influential people for modeling, and showing the power and influence of celebrities and the operational application of the research result, the research method is "content analysis", because the interactions of mass communication require this special technique. The method of collecting data from selected Iranian celebrities on the Instagram social network, using participatory observation and includes reading virtual content. Also, a qualitative method was used to analyze the data and to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the data, the effect of various factors on the behavior of celebrities was analyzed. Thus, what emerges as a result of the investigation is the unacceptability of celebrities in political and social activity.

The logic of conceptualization in the social sciences is one of the epistemological and methodological controversies of the social sciences. One of the main disputes over the relationship between knowledge and value is whether it is necessary and possible for the social scientist to avoid the introduction of cultural values in the construction of concepts or are values an integral and logical element of conceptualization? In this case, how can conceptualization imbued with the values of the researcher not hinder objectivity? In answer to this question, Durkheim's positivist and naturalistic approach argues that the concepts of the social sciences are value-laden and that the involvement of researcher values in conceptualization is detrimental to objectivity. Based on Weber's post-positivist approach, which is based on the epistemology of Kant's idealism, neo-Kantians, and Nietzschean's perspectivism , the present study argues that the concepts of the social sciences are value-laden, and that value-laden of social concepts is not only an obstacle to objectivity, it is also a subjective condition of objectivity. Based on Weber's separation of Value Relation from Value Judgment, the author shows to what extent the interference of social researcher values in conceptualization is permissible and to what extent it is impermissible and detrimental to the neutrality of science and objectivity.

This paper, for the first time, intends to bring to light the undiscovered and unknown role of Allameh Tabatabai in inception of the signifier of “independence” in Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution discourse with the help of discourse theories expressed by Laclau and Mouffe, Foucault, Robert John Wuthnow, and Randall Collins. In the meantime, this study seeks appropriate answers to the following questions: What was the role of Allameh Tabatabai in inception of the signifier of independence in Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution discourse? What are the social mechanisms behind publication and connection of Allameh Tabatabai’s thought with the inception of the Islamic Revolution discourse? Results of the current analysis indicate that although Allameh Tabatabai lacked a political and revolutionary strategy in the course of the Islamic Revolution, with the centrality of his theory of “Idrakat I’tibari” (Conventional Perceptions), he has revived the subjective position of the “interpretive philosopher” and manifested the role of non-mediated “political subjectivity” (thought production) and mediated political subjectivity (through his students, intellectual circles and discourse assemblies). Furthermore, he has practically played his role in inception of the signifier of independence in Islamic Revolution discourse through the media of philosophical-social statement of the dogma of “Al-Islam Hovalhall” (Islam is the final solution), clarification of the concepts of political independence, cultural independence, and elaboration of the priority of intellectual and cultural independence over political independence.

Motion in the categories is one of the most significant topics in the natural philosophy of Ibn Sīnā (428 AH/1037 CE). Ḥakīm Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Tonekābonī (1040 AH/1631 CE-1124 AH/1713 CE), known as Fādhil Sarāb, one of the great thinkers of the Safavid era, composed a work titled Risāla fī Bayān al-Ḥarka fī al-Maqula. In this work, he analyzes and evaluates a topic from the second chapter of the second article of the art of "natural hearing" of Ibn Sīnā's Cure, titled “On the Relation of Motion to the Categories,” where the nature of motion is discussed. Ḥakīm Tonekābonī's explanation is invaluable because his assessment is based on his identification of the nature of motion with the doctrine of gradation. Ḥakīm Tonekābonī's study has a "they say/I say” structure, which encourages the reader to pay attention to the ideas that are rejected as well as those that are accepted in the discussion. Ḥakīm Tonekābonī goes beyond the discussion of the nature of motion and also deals with issues such as the connection between motion and time and instantaneous motion (ḥaraka tawassuṭiyya), as well as continuous motion (ḥaraka qaṭʿiyya). Referring to the views of Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī (339 AH/ 950/1 CE) and Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawwānī (908 AH/ 1502 CE), he establishes a link between philosophical issues and the commentary tradition of the Tajrīd al-Iʿtiqād. The editio princeps of the treatise, along with an analysis of the text, provides a basis for further discussion of Ibn Sīnā's natural philosophy. Ḥakīm Tonekābonī was born in Sarab, one of the villages of Tonekābon; after acquiring the basics of science with his father, he left for Isfahan and the religious schools of Tonekābon. The date of Hakim Tonekābonī's death is recorded as Monday, the 18th of Dhihjah in 1124 AH, and his burial place is recorded as the Takhte- Fulad of Isfahan. His masters in the intellectual sciences are Mirza Muḥammad Bāqir Sabzevārī (d. 1090 AH), Āghā Ḥossein Khʷānsārī (d. 1098 AH) and Mullā Rajab-ʿAlī Tabrīzī (d. 1080 AH). In this article, Hakim Tonekābonī's view of motion in the categories is examined from a historical and philosophical perspective, based on his work, Risāla fī Bayān al-Ḥarka fī al-Maqula (The Treatise of Motion in Categories). The approach is philosophical, because the issue of motion and its conceptual analysis has a long philosophical ancestry. On the one hand, Heraclitus considered being to be a kind of motion itself, and on the other hand, Parmenides described being as alien to and incompatible with motion. The analysis is at the same time historical, in that the first detailed exploratioin of this issue is found in Aristotle's Physics, whereas in the Islamic world, Ibn Sina in his works, especially in the Shifa (Cure), offered a philosophical explanation of the nature of motion by way of various interpretations of Aristotle's Physics. But Ibn Sina expressed his view of the nature of motion after evaluating previous arguments on the subject and their consequences. Ibn Sina then presents his own interpretation.  For example, in other views, according to him, motionis a matter of homonym, or of analogical gradation; Or if it is analogical gradation, it is like settled topoi (places), or fixed blackness or fluid blackness. He himself, however, engages with philosophical analysis of the category of the passion and raises the question of whether passion is motion or a relation between motion and something else. And if passion is identical with motion, then is motion absolute or restricted? With this method, Ibn Sina does not accept the idea of ten categories, like the Aristotelians, and he regards either of the categories as a real genera [this is unclear]. Accordingly, passion is identical with motion. After discussing Ibn Sina's view on the nature of motion, I examine Hakim Tonekābonī's explanation of Ibn Sina's view. The treatise on motion in the categories by Hakim Tonekābonī is considered at two levels: 1. analysis of text itself, 2. further considerations in the form of comments and marginal notes. Hakim Tonekābonī offers further considerations or comments in six sections, which cover only half of the topics of the treatise. Hakim Tonekābonī's answers to the view that the motion is based on analogical gradation are presented in a "they say/I say” structure" that encourages the reader to return to the text of the treatise. Hakim Tonekābonī composed this treatise in order to in response to the debates over Tusi's Tajrīd al-iʿtiqād (The Purification of Belief) and to answer an aporia about the nature of motion.

The present article is an attempt to study the role of Allameh Tabataba’i’s thought in the development of the signifier of Islamic Republic within the discourse of 1979 Islamic Revolution. The main thrust of this paper is to study the role of a thinker who lacked political strategy in the field of revolution. Two main questions have been undertaken in this study: 1 – What was the role of Allameh Tabataba’i’s thought in the development of the signifier of Islamic Republic within the framework of the discourse of Islamic Revolution? 2 – What is the social mechanism of connection between Allameh Tabataba’i’s thought with the discourse of Islamic Revolution? Thematic analysis has been employed to identify the repeated words and keywords in the text related to the thought of Allameh Tabataba’i and the discourse of Islamic Revolution to demonstrate that Allameh Tabataba’i has laid the philosophical foundations of the plan of Islamic Republic. Allameh Tabataba’i’s thought has established connection with the discourse of Islamic Revolution through social channels such as intellectual circles, intergeneration interactions, discursive communities, and audio and written genres.

Now, positive and normative approach have dominated on branch of policy sociology. But, branch of sociology that in the one view, it classified to professional, revolutionary, critical-normative & public; branch of policy sociology theoretically is illegitimate and impossible knowledge, dysfunctional useful, political is ideological and uncritical, ethical is ignorance to human universal value and is ignorance to public group. Respect to conflict policy sociology in the opinion of Proponents and opponents, is there an alternative for positive and normative approach that its Character be Academic, reflective-critical and Moral But lacking ideological and social Engineering. This Article has found this Middle way in Thoughts and writing of max Weber and named it Weberian approach to policy sociology. This Article on the base of Separation among value-relation (Wertbeziehung) and value- judgment (Werturtungen) , Relying on thematic and textual analysis, use from method of library for identify and extraction main components of Weberian model.

The empirical studies undertaken on academic culture in Iran suggest an inefficient academic acculturation and students alienation from the structure and process of a desired academic culture. A sense of powerlessness, normlessness, anomie, social isolation and in general strangement from the self, educational processes, unverrsity camp, academic staff members and also from other students is increasingly growing in the minds and feelings of a considerable number of higher education students in humanities and social sciences. Drawing on a mixed methodology, the following paper aims to reconstruct the phenomenology of academic and educational alienation based on students personal lived experience and narrativity. Apart from accounting for internal and external social factors affecting this experience, we have proposed a typology of the types of alienation experienced by different groups of students and the strategies they have adopted to counter it. Results suggest that alienation is directly affected by culture politics and involves different social, psychological, and economic consequences in their lives.