mohammad nabipour

The aim of the study was to provide a structural model of spouse internet addiction based on dark personality traits and the role of a mediator of loneliness. This research from the point of view of purpose, application; from the perspective of data type, a little and then the method of implementation was also a description of the type of structural equations. The American Society of Study was formed by all the qualified men and women of the city of Scene in 1402, who were selected on the basis of the entries of 312 of whom were available for sampling. The data gathering tools included Young Internet Addiction (IAT, Young, 1988) questionnaires, Jonason and Webster’s dark character traits (SD3, Jonason & Webster, 2010) and Russell’s feelings of loneliness (UCLA-LS, Russell et al., 1980). The data was also interpreted by Pearson coherence tests and structural equations using SPSS-27 and AMOS-26. The findings of the research showed that the proposed model has a desirable lifestyle and dark personality traits are both directly and indirectly and mediated by the feeling of loneliness on the spouse’s internet addiction. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, personality traits, especially dark traits and loneliness, may be important influencers in the internet addiction of named couples, which, by examining more of them, could prevent the development of the consequences of family injuries.

The Protective principle as one of the aspects of extraterritorial jurisdiction; is applied when the crime committed abroad is against its fundamental and vital interests. In this paper, by using the descriptive-analytical and library methods and adaptation around the protective principle in the criminal law of Iran and England by looking at international documents, such results have been obtained: firstly, in crimes under the protective principle, accepted subjects of international law in the criminal law of Iran and England have been developed, the application of the criminal law of the two countries is generally the same in terms of type and nature of crime, but, they are different in terms of legal punishment. Secondly, In English criminal law, the condition of trial in absentia was not accepted by the legislator in the application of this principle, but in Iranian criminal law, the implementation of the protective principle by eliminating the condition that the accused be found or extradited to the country is accepted as a kind of trial in absentia, which is more in line with international standards. Thirdly, In English criminal law, in line with human rights considerations, the condition of prohibiting retrial cannot be applied only in the case of some terrorist crimes, but the inclusion of previous punishments is accepted; however, in Iranian criminal law, the prohibition of retrial is not accepted, but the inclusion of previous punishments in penal punishments is accepted by the legislator

The principle of active personal jurisdiction, as one of the aspects of extraterritorial jurisdiction, applies to crimes committed by a citizen of a country outside the territory of that country. Based on this principle, the courts of the country of the criminal will have jurisdiction under the conditions that are agreed in the international field. In this article, by using the descriptive-analytical and library method, by addressing the legal ambiguities surrounding this principle in Iranian Criminal Law and its solutions by looking at British Criminal Law, it has been obtained that in the British Criminal Law, while the crimes under this principle only include very important crimes such as murder, intentional assault, polygamy, and such examples, all internationally agreed conditions, including the conditions of no prior trial and the prohibition of double punishment, and mutual guilt are accepted and the British Criminal Law applies its jurisdiction to all crimes covered by this principle. Hence, it has greater compliance with international standards. However, in the Iranian Criminal Law, while all crimes, even light crimes, are subject to this principle, the condition of prohibition of retrial and re-punishment is accepted only in non-Sharia crimes, and the aforementioned conditions and the condition of mutual guilt are not accepted in crimes subject to sharia limits, retribution punishment, blood money, and Sharia prescribed punishments. To solve this challenge in the Iranian Criminal Law, it is suggested to establish a balance and create a proportion of legal standards with the internationally agreed conditions and take measures regarding the duality of crimes and the consideration of punishments and previous trials for all crimes in compliance with Sharia standards in such a way that, while preventing damage to the governance of countries, the conditions for prosecution and punishment of criminals are also provided.

Environmental crimes against national resources, including forests, pastures, natural forests, deserts, and deserts, are organized and widespread. These crimes endanger the national resources recorded in the laws and cause the loss of national resources in the lands and forests, as well as in the deserts. The criminal policy required to do so reflects the legislature's view of the importance of such resources. The main issue is the destruction of the environment and the destruction of national resources, and we need to see what criminal policy the legislature has in place to prevent it. The aim of the present study is to identify environmental crimes against national environmental resources and the penalties provided for in laws and to explain domestic environmental criminological approaches. In summary, the organization's prevention of crimes against national environmental resources requires a modern view of the legislature as well as advanced criminology. The research method in this paper is library and descriptive-analytical

Since the establishment of the United Nations, many documents and conventions have been approved under the title of protecting women's rights, but the increase in crimes against women, poverty, immigration and pornography are examples of the failure of this important international organization to defend women's rights around the world. The protection of women encompasses a wide range of important international issues that require urgent attention. Some issues, such as women's prostitution, arise from economic factors, and others, such as violence at home and in the community, are rooted in poverty, social norms, and tradition. According to a 1995 survey of the number of children employed in the sex trade, one million girls enter this multibillion-dollar industry each year, and nearly forty million girls under the age of fifteen are abused and in need of health and social care. The adoption of legal measures in support of victimized women has been one of the priorities of the working group of women in the United Nations in 2021

Privacy and the need to protect it in the legal world today is recognized as an important principle. The protection of this right has provided the necessary conditions for the growth of thought and the excellence of the personality of individuals in society. Therefore, it is necessary to respect the privacy of individuals in all matters, especially in the courts of justice and in the study of reason. Our goal in this study is to identify the privacy of the evidence in the courts.

The present article is a descriptive-analytical method and research tool, taking notes from library resources.

The findings indicate that; Privacy is one of the fundamental issues of human rights and one of the concepts of developed legal systems that is very closely related to human dignity and respect for the privacy of individuals in the sense of respect for the home and workplace of individuals and keeping conversations and correspondence confidential.

 

From the beginning to the end of the article, the principles of honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

With the development of technology and human progress, invasion of privacy has increased. The Islamic Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Constitution, laws and regulations related to postal communications, telephone, press law and the Charter of Civil Rights are among the laws and regulations that sometimes implicitly and sometimes explicitly protect privacy.

Environmental transformation in natural resources is a uniform and normal process in nature, but with the spread of destructive human processes and the indiscriminate use of forests and pastures in recent decades in the province and the proximity and transition of natural currents from these damage factors. It has caused environmental imbalances and climate change and irreparable damage to green resources, which leads to natural hazards such as soil erosion, declining vegetation, natural disasters and ultimately desertification. However, the protection of these resources has become more in the focus of policy makers and decision makers in the country in order to achieve sustainable development, but tasteful and utilitarian decisions with different attitudes from policy makers have paved the way for criminals. Influenced by the discourse of radical criminologists, the approach of green criminology analyzes the political, economic, cultural and social situations of the country that lead to crimes against forests and pastures. Now, the important issue of why crimes occur and the identification of its perpetrators is in the light of this approach, which often considers the actors as governmental and non-governmental legal entities and its victims as the general public. The executive and even the judiciary of the country should take more sensitive steps towards the integration of laws and the prevention of environmental crimes, and the elimination of fragmentation of laws and votes, and the protection of the province's green resources.

Given the extensive use and preferred diagnostic method in common mammography tests for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, there is concern about the increased dose absorbed by the patient due to the sensitivity of the breast tissue.

This study aims to evaluate the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) before irradiation to the patient through its estimation.

In this descriptive paper, firstly, a phantom was used to measure some data, including ESAK, Kvp, mAs, HVL, and type of filter/target. Secondly, the MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model was trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) backpropagation training algorithm and finally, ESAK was estimated.

Based on results obtained from the program in different neuron numbers, it was found that the number of 35 neurons is the most optimal value, offering a regression coefficient of 95.7%. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) for all data was 0.437 mGy and accounting for 4.8% of the output range changes, predicting 95.2% accuracy in the present research.

Using neural networks in ESAK prediction, the method proposed in the present research leads to the possible ESAK estimation of patients before X-Ray. The results suggested that the regression coefficient represented 4.3% difference between the kerma measured by solid-state dosimeter in the radiation field and the value predicted in the research. In comparison with the Monte-Carlo simulation method, this method has better accuracy.

The rise of crime and violence against women and girls around the world has attracted the attention and sensitivity of governments and international organizations. Policymakers and decision-makers at the macro level can play a major role in preventing violence against women and eliminating criminals. Opening a landline for 24-hour access to women victims of violence, increasing the presence of social workers in police stations, increasing social emergency powers are measures that can be effective in reducing violence and crime against women.

The contents of this research are through the study of existing books (library method) that have been collected in this field and also the descriptive-analytical research method.

Increasing the rate of violence against women due to its negative and lasting effects on the psyche of abused women and also the important and key role of women in the family and society, the need to use measures and supportive measures against women.

Based on the criminological and victimological findings, the adoption of criminal preventive measures will reduce violence against women. Efforts to reduce criminal opportunities and eliminate favorable conditions for crime will be effective along with the reform of social, economic and cultural structures.

Given the extensive use of common mammography tests for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, there are concerns over the increased dose absorbed by the patient due to the sensitivity of the breast tissue. Thus, knowing the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) before radiation to the patient through its estimation can be helpful. For this reason, the MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model was trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) backpropagation training algorithm and the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) was estimated. After running the program, it was found that 35 neurons is the most optimal value, offering a regression coefficient of 95.7%, where the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for all data was 0.437 mGy, accounting for 4.8% of the range of output changes, representing a prediction with 95.2% accuracy in the present research. In comparison with the Monte-Carlo simulation method, it enjoys a desirable accuracy.

The use of vitamin D supplementation in patients with diabetes mellitus and low levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D, especially in patients under long-term hemodialysis, is common; but the safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in these patients remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of oral vitamin D supplementation (Ergocalciferol) on changes in intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and hemodialysis factors in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A clinical trial study was performed on 110 patients under hemodialysis referred to dialysis center of Rasoul Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups of case and control, after informed consent. The case group received omega-3 with vitamin D (50,000 units) capsules, and the control group was only treated with omega-3 capsules weekly for six weeks. After 12 weeks from the start of the study, they were re-evaluated in the same laboratory, and the results were compared between the groups. The serum level of iPTH was significantly different between the two groups after the intervention (P < 0.001). The findings also showed that serum levels of calcium (P = 0.022) and vitamin D (P < 0.001) had a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention. On the other hand, serum albumin, phosphorus, and creatinine were not significantly different between the two groups, before and after intervention (P > 0.050). According to the results of this study, the administration of Ergocalciferol leads to a decrease in the serum level of iPTH, and increase in serum calcium and vitamin D in patients under hemodialysis; but does not change the serum level of albumin, phosphorus, creatinine, as well as mortality. So, the length of follow up, and the factors affecting mortality should be investigated to determine the effect of vitamin D on these patients.