mohammadjavad hassani

In this study, flood hazard zoning within the city of Jiroft and its impact on the Jiroft water supply network were examined. Considering the frequent and intermittent occurrence of floods in this area, this study seems necessary. The required data was obtained from Landsat 8 and Google Earth satellite images, the Alos digital elevation model, and field visits, processed by geographic information system, and converted into maps and information layers. These layers were then evaluated using a multivariate fuzzy decision-making system and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and finally integrated using geographic information system (GIS), the output of which was initially a flood hazard zoning map of the study area. According to the purpose of this research, by combining this output with the soil erodibility layer, vulnerable points of water supply facilities have been extracted and highlighted. The results show that in the event of a flood, many areas will be flooded and waterlogged, causing damage to the water supply system.

This study focuses on the flood the Sirch tourism area in the Kerman Province (SE Iran). This area is unique location in the margin of the Shahdad Area. This spectacular and natural area has been hated by abnormal drastic floods eventually every year. This study using 3D modeling and mapping based on the SRTM DEM and Landsat 8 images and compilation of morphology and geology to investigate the flood hazard in the studied area. The data set of this study have compiled and analyzed by GIS-AHP method. This study suggests that the main cause of the rapid and abnormal floods is the nature of the geological outcrops and the steep of the watershed. The flood hazard analysis also shows that the main Sirch village and tourism site locates in the most hazardous zone. The improvement of the plant cover and construction of flood breakers can control the flood hazard in this area.

The present investigation has been done to study the behavioral effects of donepezil in autistic children, given that not much research has been carried out concerning using this drug for treating autism.

A cross-sectional and analytic-descriptive study was done on twentypatients with autism, aged 4-17, who visited the neurology clinic of Gorgan’s Taleghani Pediatric Hospital and Yasha Pediatric Autism Clinic, Iran from 2019 to 2020. Demographic information, including sex, age, father’s education, mother’s education ,patient’s education, family status, other problems, and ethnicity, were documented using a checklist, having been filled in during interviews with the parents. Before the trial, ABC cognitive and behavioral tests were taken to determine the children’s current status. After the tests, these children received a daily dose of donepezil (10mg) before sleep for three months. At the end of the three months, the cognitive and behavioral tests were taken from the children once again. In order to analyze the effects of different factors on the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech before and after the administration of donepezil in patients, a generalized linear model and to test the effects of donepezil on the studied variables, paired t-test was used.

In this study, twenty patients were registered for the investigation, 12 (60%) male and eight (40%) female. Age groups 5-6 had the highest frequency, and age group 17 had the lowest. Regardingthe parents’ education, the highest frequency was for bachelor’s degrees, and the lowest was for less-than-high school education and master’s degree. The highest frequency for the patients’ education was kindergarten (60%), and then groups without education (20%) and elementary school-level education (15%). Most of the studied patients (80%) did not have other problems besides autism, and only 20% had other problems besides autism. The family status of 15% of the families was ‘separated,’ and ethnically, most patients (80%) were Fars, while the rest (20%) were Turkmen. None of the analyzed factors (age, sex, father’s education, mother’s education, patient’s education, other problems, family status, and ethnicity) had a significant effect on the studied variables after the administration of donepezil. Among the studied variables prior to the administration of donepezil and among the analyzed factors, the father’s education, the patient’s education, other problems, and family status had only a significant effect on stereotypic behavior. The present research findings of the present research indicated that all the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech, were significantly decreased toward the desired goal. The decreased amounts in irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech after the administration of donepezil were, respectively, 38%, 44%, 54%, 41%, and 54% and on average, these behaviors were reduced by 46%.

The present investigation has shown that all the studied variables, including irritability, lethargy, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech, were significantly decreased towards the desired goal by 46%. This significant decrease is indicative of the effectiveness of the treatment of autism patients with donepezil, and therefore, this drug can be placed as a prominent and essential part of the medical therapy of autism.

Recently, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much concern has been raised about patients with chronic diseases who may become more susceptible to the disease. The present cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, a possible correlation between the immunosuppression state and the incidence of COVID-19 is investigated. In May 2020, 500 SLE patients registered in the database of Golestan Rheumatology Research Center (Golestan province, Iran) were selected for this cross-sectional study. Using a questionnaire, patients were contacted by telephone to collect data including demographic characteristics, disease status, drug use, and new clinical symptoms. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. Of the 500 selected patients, 355 responded to the phone calls and subsequently enrolled in the study. Among the enrolled patients, 25 were classified as COVID-19 positive, including eight hospitalized patients, of which two required intensive care and subsequently died. COVID-19 incidence was significantly lower in the immunosuppressed patients (2.2% vs. 10%, P=0.01). There was no significant correlation between hydroxychloroquine consumption and the incidence of COVID-19 in SLE patients. Fever, fatigue, dyspnea, and dry cough were the most common clinical symptoms. Our results showed that COVID-19 incidence was lower in immunosuppressed than the non-immunosuppressed SLE patients. Further studies are required to substantiate the role of immunosuppression in the development of COVID-19.A preprint version of this study was published at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-78704/v1 with doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-78704/v1

In order to influence the possible leakage of Chahar Gonbad copper tailings dam on water resources in the dam area, surface and groundwater quality studies were performed in two seasons, dry and wet. Some 10 water samples from different parts of the tailings dam area were evaluated for water quality analysis including Wilcox and Schuler. The results showed that the drinking and agricultural water samples in the region is in line with global environmental standards. The amount of chloride in the drainage water of the tailings dam was 499 mg / l, which is 99 units higher than the defined standard of Iranian drinking (400 mg / l) and 149 units higher than the standard agricultural level (350 mg / l). Also, the results showed that the amount of magnesium in the dry season compared to the wet season has a relative increase. That high amounts of magnesium compared to calcium in water in the irrigation system have a negative effect on soil quality and lead the soil to alkalinity. Molybdenum in tailings dam samples in both wet and dry seasons is higher than the standard level of agricultural use (10 mg / l), which is more evident in the dry season. The high concentration of molybdenum in waste samples is due to the proper mobility of this element in oxidative-acidic conditions. The amount of bicarbonate in the dry season increased more significantly than in the wet season. This increase can be due to the increasing temperature, pH and increase in water alkalinity, the source of those river bed rocks that with increasing water volume in the dry season has increased the concentration of these salts. Based on the results, it is suggested that 23 observation wells with a maximum depth of 50 meters be dug as monitoring grade 1 around the tailings dam of Chahar Gonbad copper mine.

Paleoecology of the Qom Formation ostracods in the Bojan and Varkan sections have been studied. The age of the sections has determined base on foraminifera and is Rupelian-chattian for the Bujan and Chattian for the Varkan Section. Ostracoda content of the Bujan and Varkan sections include 44 and 33 species respectively. The pecies of genus Cytheridea are the most abundant and the most dominant ostracods of the Bujan section. In the lower part of the Bujan section, different species of Cytherella and Cytheridea constitute the dominant ostracods, but upward the abundance of Cytherella is declined and Cytheridea, Neonesidea, and Bairdia are dominant. Podocopids constitute 76% and 86% of the Bujan section ostracods during Rupelin and Chattian, respectively. Neonesidea elegans, Bythocypris pseudoreniformis, Paracypris pandyai, Paracypris sapperi and Paracypris naalunensis constitute the dominant ostracods of the Varkan Section. Podocopid ostracods are dominant in the Varkan marls and constitute 77% of the ostracods. The high percentage of podocopid ostracods indicates that the environment was oxygen-rich and without the ecological stresses in both section; while in the Varkan Section, the ecological conditions are stable but in the Bujan section, the oxygen enriches upward and ecological conditions become closer to normal marin basins.

Mine tailings dams, as one of the important and unavoidable parts of any mine, are considered as a sources of environmental pollution in the areas adjacent to each mine, which has received less attention from an environmental point of view. The present study was conducted to investigate the environmental effects of the tailings dam of Chahar Gonbad copper mine on changes in quantities of some soil pollutants adjacent to the tailings dam of this mine. In this study, according to the location of the region, six samples of sediment from the tailing dam and nine samples of topsoil were collected and the amounts of Pb, Sb, Zn, Cd, As and Cu; as well as soil pollution indices of each element (enrichment factor (EF), Geo-accumulation factor (Igeo), and contamination factor (CF)) were measured and compared with the environmental protection standard. The results of pollutants in sediments showed significant enrichment of Cu and Sb elements in tailings dam sediment samples. Based on the standard values ​​of soil pollution, with the exception of high levels of Cu (38-135 mg kg-1) and As (7.2-17.8 mg kg-1) in some samples, the observed levels of Pb, Zn, Cd and Sb in all soil samples were lower than the environmental protection standards. According to the results of soil pollution indices, the two elements Sb and As had higher EF and Igeo than the other elements, which shows the effect of anthropogenic factors (tailings dam) on amounts of these elements. The results of this study showed, despite the high amounts of Cu in the soil surface samples (due to the nature of the Cu vein deposit in the region), the area adjacent to the dam is not contaminated with other pollutants, although EF of As (4-15.3) and Sb (3-5.9) can be a serious alarm to pollute the area with these elements in the coming years. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that changes in the pollution of tailings dams as one of the sources of environmental pollution in the areas adjacent to the mines, be continuously assessed and appropriate management measures be applied.

The tectonic, morphology, geodynamic, stratigraphic architecture, and paleontological characteristics of the Zagros structural zone have studied by many researchers. However, we aimed to focus on the lithostratigraphy and microbiostratigraphy of the Neogene deposits, exposed in the Northeast of the Bandar Abbas. The studied area positioned at the south domain of the Kurgu Anticline, 65 Km north of the Bandarabbas. The Khurgu Anticline is the last outcropped anticline in the southeast of the Folded Zagros subzone. The studied area has never been studied before for microbiostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical characteristics. The studied successions include Mishan and Aghajari formations, which are outcropped in a syncline-anticline system.

The measured section of 2465 m thick consists of hard limestone, sandstone strata and loose marl, marly limestone, siltstone, non-solidified sandstone, and mudstone deposits. A systematic sampling process resulted in the collection of 324 loose and 54 hard samples. The loose and hard samples have processed for micropaleontological studies. The loose samples soaked in Sodium Sulfate solution and frizzed to disaggregating and washed over 2, 4 and 0.063 mm sieves. The faunal content of dried samples is handpicked and photographed by a Phenom Pro-X Desktop Scanning Electron Microscope connected to a 5MP camera. Several thin sections have prepared from hard samples and studied by a binocular microscope.

The lithostratigraphy of the section comprises limestone (Guri Member) and marly limestone at the base, marl and siltstone with marly limestone in the lower part, mudstone and marl in the middle parts and an alternation of sandstone and siltstone layers in the upper part. The sedimentary environment of the studied succession is marine in the basal and middle parts but in the upper part seems to be a marginal marine environment, influenced by coastal activities. The micropaleontology investigations resulted in the identification of 28 species of benthic, mainly deep benthic taxa, and 19 species of planktonic foraminifera. Based on the distribution of the identified taxa and the planktonic foraminifer’s biozonations (Bou Dagher-Fadel, 2013; Wade et al. 2011; Postuma, 1971; Blow, 1969; Bolli, 1966) and the ranges of the benthic foraminifera (Kender et al., 2008) the studied strata have deposited continually from the Early Miocene to the Pleistocene. The boundary between Mishan and Aghajari formations appears as gradual. The basal part of the Aghajari Formation is deposited in a marine environment.

The studied succession includes the deposits of the Mishan and Aghajari formations and comprises limestone, marly limestone, siltstone, sandstone, and mudstone strata. The basal and the middle parts of the section were deposited in a marine environment and the upper part was deposited in coastal and continental environments. The micropaleontological studies, based on the planktonic foraminifera, resulted in the identification of seven biozones and indicates that this succession deposited from the Lower Miocene to Pleistocene continuously. The sedimentary environment changes are gentle and no sedimentation disruptions had occurred.

The Zagros structural Zone is an important structural zone in the Middle East because of its valuable and enormous hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this zone, the Fars Group is a key stratigraphic unit; which consists of valuable reservoir and cap rocks. The Mishan Formation is the middle member of the Fars Group, was deposited in the Zagros Basin during the Early Miocene to Pliocene. The facies changes of the Mishan Formation in the Zagros basin is considerable and interesting for researchers. One of the unique lithofacies of this formation is the Guri Member, which is out cropped in the Hormozgan province in many of anticlines. In the Hormozgan province, the Mishan Formation is poorly studied because of harsh climatic condition and accessibility, therefore, there are few published literatures have been carried out about it (Heidari et al., 2014a, b; Rashidi et al., 2014a, b).To consider the microfacies and reconstructing the depositional environment of this formation in the southeast of the Zagros Basin, a stratigraphic section of this formation in the Shahdadi Area has been chosen and sampled. The studied section locates at 27° 29ˊ 1.5 ̋ N & 56° 43ˊ 30  ̋ E near the Shahdadi area, 105 km north of the Bandar Abbas. The main surrounded unites include Cenozoic strata of the Zagros basin. The studied section overlays the Razak Formation and underline by the Aghajari Formation unconformably.

The total thickness of the studied section is 446 m, 78 loos and 236 hard samples have been collected from the Mishan Formation strata. For microfacies analyses, thin sections prepared from hard samples. The loos samples have disaggregated by sodium sulfate solution and frizzing method and Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate solution for micropaleontological and grain size analyzes. The microfacies have named after Dunham (1962) and Carozzi (1989). The faunal content and grain size of the marly strata compared with Geel (2000), BouDagher-Fadel (2008).

Based on the lithostratigraphic analyzes, tow lithofacies, include limestone lithofacies and marl lithofacies have been distinguished. The limestone lithofacies involves three rock unites and includes nine microfacies (L1-L9) base on the carbonate components and textural characteristics. These microfacies have been compared with the Wilson (1975) and Flugel (2010) standard microfacies. This comparison shows that the identified microfacies have deposited in intra tidal, restricted lagoon, sand shoal, path reef, non-restricted lagoon and open marine facies belts. The marl lithofacies, based on the faunal content and grain size analyzes, includes deposits of the restricted lagoon, non-restricted lagoon and open marine environments and involves tow rock unites. The charactristics of identified facies belts, such as lateral extend, lack of the onchoids, pizzoids, aggregates and turbidities have suggest a homoclinal carbonate ramp as the sedimentary model in the studied area for the Mishan Formation. This platform can be divided to distinct facies associations include inner ramp, middle ramp and outer ramp.The inner ramp facies association includes intra tidal, restricted lagoon and sand shoal facies belts; the middle ramp facies association includes non-restricted lagoon and patch reef facies belts and the outer ramp facies association includes open marine facies belt. Deposits of the non-restricted lagoon, restricted lagoon and open marine facies belts are the most common deposits in the studied section respectively, which are deposited in deepening upward cycles.

The field, microfacies and micropaleontological studies show that the Mishan Formation in the Shahdadi area, the north of Bandarabbas, overlays the Razak Formation’s clastic strata unfonformably. This formation underlays by the Aghajari formation unconformably and the effects of erosional activities are observed at the top of the Mishan formation. The Mishan Formation in the studied area consists of three limestone and tow marl rock unites and considerably includes the Guri Member. The microfacies analyses of the marly and limestone strata suggest a hemoclinal carbonate ramp as the sedimentary model for the Mishan Formation in this area. The suggested ramp includes inner ramp, middle ramp and outer ramp facies assemblages and intra tidal, restricted lagoon, sand shoal, non restricted lagoon, patch reef and open marine facies belts.

This paper focuses on the quantitative analyses of Early Miocene ostracods in south and north of the Sirjan area, southwest of Kerman. Detailed studies resulted in identification of 23 species of ostracoda. The coexisting benthic foraminifera and comparing the identified microfauna assemblages with previous studies confirms the Early Miocene age for the strata. The quantitative analysis show a low diversity in the ostracoda assemblages, in compare with other areas. The ostracoda community is classified into seven morphogroups. Several communities are recorded in the ostracoda morphogroups, which reflects basic changes in the basin condition. The morphogroups analysis also reveals that the basal parts of the sections are deposited in shallow and poorly ventilated waters, while a normal condition prevailed through upward. A period of instability is predominant after the normal condition and final stages of deposition took place in the near shore environment, which reflects the end of sea life. The stratigraphical position and structural history of the basement suggest that syndepositional tectonic activities were responsible for the fluctuations in the environmental conditions. This suggestion is confirmed by comparing the studied area with adjacent areas, where similar deposits are deposited on different basements

Biostratigraphy of Bahram Formation succession, with 359.8 meter thickness, in the Sardar section (North of Kerman, Central Iran) is done in this study. Bahram Formation is mostly composed of limestones (with a lesser amount of sandstones), and conformably overlies the top sandstone beds of the Padeha Formation. But, the upper boundary with the Hutk Formation (Late Tounaisian) is disconformable. Conodont fauna, consisting of thirty-nine species and subspecies, are indicatives of late Givetian to middle Famennian age. Biofacies analysis proves the shallow marine environments for this section similar to many other successions in the Central Iran and adjacent areas (such as Himalaya and Pamir).

Stars Valley is one of the tourism areas in the Qeshm Island and is located at the southwest of Qeshm City، south eastern corner of the Island. Sediments forming this unique landscape are not completely lithified and is composed of marl and marly limestone which is formed by erosional and weathering processes. Deposits of Stars Valley contain diverse assemblages of echinoids، bivalves، gastropods، foraminifers and ostracods. In present research، 4 species of gastropods including Conus qeshmensis sp. nov.، Pseudoneptunea costellata، Acteocina lajonkaireana Hexaplex (Phyllonotus) poniformis، 6 species of echinoids including Cubanaster sp.، Echinolampas cf. jacuquemonti، Spatangus castelli، Clypeaster sp.، Eupatagus sp.، Temnopleurus latidunensis،14 species of benthic foraminifera including Cancris inflatus، Elphidium josephinum، Elphidium crispum، Amphistegina lubifera، Amphistegina lessoni، Ammonia yubariensis، Gyroidna orbicularis، Nonionella miocenica، Cibicides refulgens، Cibicidoides mediocoris Cribrorotalia sp.، Notorotalia miocenica، Cibicidoides karreriformis and Lobatula lobatula، 5 species of ostracoda including Acanthocythereis munechikai، Pseudoaurila japonica، Trachyleberis scabrocuneata، Costa edwardsii and Pterygocythereis coronata، and one species of bivalves، known as Gouldia cf. minima have been identified. Paleontological studies on fossil content of these deposits indicates that these strata deposited during Middle Miocene to Pliocene time; therefore they could be considered as the upper part of Mishan and Basal part of Aghajari Formations. Paleoecological data from foraminifera and ostracoda communities suggested agitate and high saline environment during deposition of these sediments in the studied area.

Student of Specialized Center for Hadith Sciences, Level 3 of Qom Seminary I`tikaaf is a worship filled with virtue. Servitude and devotion are considered as its main elements. The author of the present paper tries to verify the virtue of I`tikaaf through the Quranic proofs, hadith and historical reports. He also seeks to answer this question: What is the purpose of this worship is it only for reward one gets or it is something beyond the rewards in the world and the Hereafter? In addition to explaining the virtues of I`tikaaf religious texts have also shown the importance of the topic using other methods. Combining texts that directly and indirectly expressed religion views on I`tikaaf, the author of the present paper tries to have a new approach to this ritual act introducing I`tikaaf as a ritual that apart from its reward has spiritual impacts on the life of the Mutakif.