mojtaba fathi

 Cardiac microvascular complications are a significant concern in diabetes, often related to dysfunction of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1). Aminoguanidine (AG) is recognized for its capability to alleviate these complications by inhibiting advanced glycation compounds and enhancing vascular function in diabetic rats. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the therapeutic potential of AG by assessing its impact on the gene expression of S1PR1 in the heart tissue of diabetic rats.

 Thirty-four diabetic and healthy rats were stratified into eight groups, including diabetic rats, diabetic rats administered with varying doses of AG 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, healthy rats treated with the same AG doses, and untreated healthy controls. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using heart tissue samples, followed by real-time PCR analysis. The fold change in S1PR1 gene expression was then assessed and compared among diabetic rats treated with varying AG doses and their corresponding control groups.

The analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in S1PR1 gene expression in diabetic rats compared to controls. However, AG treatment improved S1PR1 expression, which was correlated with the administered dose, with a notable upregulation observed in rats treated with 200 mg/kg of AG compared to other groups (P<0.001).

 Considering the significance of the S1PR1 pathway in inhibiting microangiopathy, augmenting S1PR1 gene expression through AG treatment may hold promise in preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common severe symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia can lead to tissue damage and inflammation due to mediators such as receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the G82S polymorphism of the RAGE gene and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.

In this case-control study, 356 participants (158 men and 198 women) of Asian race, aged 45 to 65 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on their fasting plasma glucose levels were enrolled. DNA was isolated from the participants’ blood samples and genotyped using TETRA -Primer ARMS-PCR. Serum protein concentration of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Although we found differences in genotyping of participants between homozygous AA and GG and heterozygous GA in the studied groups, the differences were not significant (P = .568). In addition, we found no significant correlation between the G82S polymorphism of RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic patients (P > .05).

The results of this study indicate no significant association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy. Therefore, the study suggests that there is probably no association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy.

This research used a simple and efficient liquid-phase microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvents for preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of purpurin (1, 2, and 4-trihydroxyanthraquinone) dye. The choline chloride-acetic acid DES with a molar ratio of 1:2 was synthesized and used with 1-Decanol as the extraction solvent. The influence of effective parameters on the extraction efficiency, including the type and volume of extracting solvents, pH of sample solution, the molar ratio of DES components, and sodium chloride salt concentration were studied, using the response surface method. The highest extraction percentage (>95%) was obtained at pH = 5.5, 550 mg/L of sodium chloride, 350 and 500 µL of DES, and 1-Decanol solvents, respectively. The effect of different ions and dyes on the extraction efficiency was examined and the results indicated that the method has an acceptable selectivity. The present process was linear in the concentration range of 5.0×10-7 to 2.0×10-5 mol/L of purpurine, with a detection limit of 2.7×10-7 mol/L, preconcentration factor of 100, and a relative standard deviation of 3.13%. Finally, to test the applicability of the proposed method, it was investigated for the uptake of purpurin from various water samples, successfully.

The present paper investigates the effect of soil-structure interaction on the seismic behavior of base-isolated frames under near and far-fault earthquakes. For this purpose, the nonlinear time history results of 1, 4 and 8-story base-isolated frames are compared with corresponding fixed base ones. ABAQUS finite element software is used for numerical modeling on which time history analyzes are performed.

Metabolic disturbances, including hyperlipidaemia, are risk factors for brain ischemia. Despite all research, no definitive treatment has yet been found for brain ischemia. Thus, this study investigated the effect of cinnamon on ischemic tolerance and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 genes, as well as levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) proteins in rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD).

Rats were divided into control, sham, model, lovastatin, vehicle, and cinnamon 130 mg (Cin130) and 260 mg (Cin260). All groups, except for the control group, received a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, the last four groups received the corresponding treatment for 6 weeks. The stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Twelve hours later, the animals were evaluated for the extent of neurological defects, lipid profiles, tissue damage, and gene expression of MMP-2,9, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α protein level.

The results showed that Cin130 has been highly successful in improving neurological defects. Cin130 was effective in reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Further, Cin260 effectively reduced serum LDL. Moreover, Cin130 and Cin260 could reduce tissue damage volume, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and down-regulation of IL-6, TNF-α proteins and MMP-2,9 levels.

Overall, cinnamon, in addition to its lipid-lowering effect, may also have a neuroprotective effect that may be related to the down-regulation of MMPs and cytokines. The two may be independent events or related to a third event; in any case, appropriate experiments should be performed in future studies to determine whether altering the MMPs reduces the effectiveness of cinnamon.

Gallstones are one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases because genetic factors have not been yet identified. The ABCB11 gene locates on chromosome 2 and generates the Bile Salt Output Pump (BSEP) in human encoding by creating gallstone. Our aim of in the present study was to investigate the relationship between liver biochemical factors and ABCB11 gene polymorphism with the risk of gallstone.

The study was performed recruiting 100 gallstone patients and 100 healthy individuals in Golsar Hospital, Rasht, in 1397. After sonography, subjects were divided into patients and healthy groups and the relationship between disease and ABCB11 gene polymorphism was examined by ARMS-PCR. Typically, 10 samples were sampled for the required sequencing results. Differences between the two groups were determined by statistical analysis.

In the present SGOT study, SGPT level was elevated in patients in comparison with healthy individuals (P <0.05). The frequency of ABCB11 gene C allele between patient and healthy was 22.5% and 22% of the budget, respectively. There is no significant relationship between the frequency of alleles and genotypes in patients compared to healthy cases (P ˃ 0.05). Under these conditions, the frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes among individuals over 60 years of age were 27, 21 and 3, respectively. There is no significant relationship between gender and age with disease (P /0 0.05). The mean age of patients over 60 years (P = 0.0) was significantly higher than healthy. People with homozygous TT genotype were more likely to develop the disease.

The increased level of biochemical factors can predicts possibility of liver damage. The lack of correlation between ABCB11 and disease may be due to genetic differences between different races. Further studies with a larger group is essential.

In this study, the distribution of correlation coefficients between maximum interstory drift ratio (MIDR) of multistorey building structures and ground motion characteristics intensity measures (IMs) is evaluated and compared.  For this purpose, a continuum beam model is used to estimate the MIDR of multistory building structure including higher mode effects. The MIDRs are computed for building structures with three different lateral resisting systems (structural walls, moment-resisting frames, and their combination) and fundamental periods that ranges from 0.05 to 10s. Nine different ground motion parameters of pulse-like ground motions including PGD, PGA, PGV, Ic, CAV, Ia, SMV, ESD, SMA are selected as ground motion characteristics IMs. The effects of the type of lateral resisting system and the acceleration pulse on the distribution of correlation coefficients are also considered in the study. Based on the assessment results, MIDRs in mid and long-period buildings show a high correlation to PGV, SED and SMV, while a low correlation occurs with respect to PGA and SMA. Also, type of lateral resisting system causes changes in the correlation coefficients and results showed that long-period shear wall structure gives lower coefficients with respect to other structural systems.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide with a high prevalence among middle-aged people. This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), as two important tumor markers, in the diagnosis of different stages of colorectal cancer.

This basic research was conducted on hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer (n=67). At first, tissue samples and venous blood samples were collected from patients. Subsequently, CEA and CA19-9 tumor markers were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescence assay and cellular changes were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

In this study, 57.6% and 43.3% of the patients were male and female, of which 59.7% (40 patients) cases were over 61 years old. The most common sites of tissue involvement were found to be the rectum and sigmoid. In the acute phase of the disease, a decrease was observed in the number of red blood cells (P=0.0091) and the level of hemoglobin (P=0.141); however, the number of platelets remained unchanged (P=0.212). In addition, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts increased at first, while they decreased later. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between these two tumor markers and disease levels.

Our results indicated that although these tumor markers are not suitable factors for the diagnosis of this cancer in the early stages, they can be used as two important markers to diagnose the progression of the disease.

To assess the potential habitat of plants and appropriate planning for conservation and restoration policies the best fitted method should be used. In order to model the habitat distribution of the rare species of Vaccinium arctostaphyllus L., within the eight habitats of the plant, two place, with and without the species, were selected. Random-systematic method in the growing season was used. Data on different factors such as latitude and longitude, physiography of each habitat were recorded using GPS at 40 point. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm (active rooting depth). Then some physical and chemical properties of soil such as pH, electrical conductivity, soil texture, lime, soluble potassium, magnesium, soluble sodium, particulate organic matter, absorbable phosphorus, soluble bicarbonate and percentage of clay, silt and sand were measured in the laboratory. In the next step, logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the distribution of V. arctostaphyllus L. Map of environmental factors affecting the distribution of the species was prepared using IDW spatial statistics to evaluate the interpolation methods. The Kappa index was used to assess the matching of forecasted map and the ground truth. The results of logistic regression showed that the most important factors affecting the distribution of V. arctostaphyllus L. were slope, geographical direction, phosphorus and silt. Presence of the species negatively is related to the geographical direction. Overlapping of the areas showed that these species are distributed in high slope and west and southwest direction. Also, the compliance of the forecast map with the actual habitat map was assessed at a good level (Kappa index: 0.65). In general, the results showed that the logistic regression method is able to give a good prediction for the habitat of the V. arctostaphyllus L. species. The results of this study could be used to identify and evaluate the susceptible habitats of this species and the possibility of conservation, reproduction and breeding as a rare and native medicinal plant.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is one of the molecular pathways involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis that consists of several genes, including MLH1 (MutL homolog 1), MSH6 (MutS homolog 6), MSH2 (MutS homolog 2), and MSH3 (MutS homolog 3). The protein encoded by PMS2 (post-meiotic segregation 2) is also essential for MMR. Here, we address the correlation between immunohistochemical and transcriptional expression of PMS2 with the tumor grade and clinical stage of non-hereditary/sporadic CRC disease.

This study retrospectively analyzed 67 colorectal resections performed for 38 male and 29 female patients. Random biopsies were taken by a gastroenterologist from patients referring to three hospitals in the cities of Zanjan, Urmia and Qazvin (Iran) during 2017-2019. All specimens were examined and classified for localization of tumor, pathological stage and grade. The PMS2 protein expression was studied immunohistochemically and analysis of mRNA expression was performed in the same tissue sections.

Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed a decrease in PMS2 expression compared with paracancerous tissue (P<0.001), which correlated with tumor stage. In addition, reduced PMS2 expression was correlated with the tumor differentiation grade, underlining a connection between downregulation of PMS2 and progression of CRC. Comparing the PMS2 mRNA levels in different groups showed the following

0.92 ± 0.18 in patients with Stage I CRC tumor, 0.86 ± 0.38 in Stage Ⅱ, 0.50 ± 0.29 in Stage Ⅲ, and 0.47 ± 0.23 in Stage Ⅳ.

These findings suggest that PMS2 may provide a potential reliable biomarker for CRC classification by combined immunohistochemical and mRNA analysis

In this paper effects of the placement of various stiffeners and opening on the interaction behavior of steel plate shear walls and precast concrete frame, has been investigated. Steel plate shear walls has been bolted to concrete frame, by use of embedded plate in boundary concrete elements. Push over and dynamic analysis under seven earthquake acceleration in ABAQUS software, was done.
The results showed that the proposed connection, by keeping up its stability and strength, showed appropriate function in the route of load bearing of shear wall. Also it was observed that adding steel plate shear wall to concrete frame increased initial stiffness, base shear and dissipated energy 4, 4.3 and 340 times, respectively. The sample with opening in diagonal line and horizontal and vertical stiffeners, had maximum dissipated energy (22% increased). This sample showed the maximum relative displacement (increased 2 times) and minimum base shear force (decreased by 10%). Adding horizontal and vertical stiffeners to simple sample, increased dissipated energy by 16% while, the sample with diagonal stiffeners decreased dissipated energy by 25%. This model showed the minimum relative displacement (decreased by 15%) and maximum base shear force (increased by 7%). Placing the opening at the middle of sides in this model, increased dissipated energy by 35%.

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from fat accumulation in the liver (liver fat >5% of liver weight). The excess of lipids in hepatic steatosis primarily consists of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters. De novo hepatic lipogenesis from excessive dietary carbohydrate intake is the most consistent underlying pathogenic agent of NAFLD. Hypercholesterolemia that mostly associates with NAFLD has been recognized as the most important risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). In other words, reducing the hepatic cholesterol synthesis in NAFLD patients prevents risk of developing atherosclerosis and CHD. HMGCR is the rate-controlling enzyme pathway, responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis. De novo cholesterol synthesis by inducing the expression of HMGCR; activates the SREBP2. PPARα activation significantly lowers hepatic SREBP2 and HMGR mRNA levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fenofibrate and Biochanin A, as PPARα agonists, on mRNA levels of SREBP2 and HMGR in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose concentration.

HepG2 cells were used in this study. The induction of steatosis was performed by high glucose concentration. Cytotoxicity of Glucose, Fenofibrate, and Biochanin A were assessed in separate experiments for HepG2 cells. Some biochemical parameters such as intracellular total cholesterol, HMGCR, ALT, and AST activity were measured. SREBP2 and HMGR mRNA levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR.

Results of our study indicated an inhibitory effect of Fenofibrate and Biochanin A on the mRNA levels of SREBP2 and HMGR in HepG2 cells which were treated by high glucose concentration. Additionally, a decreased level of intracellular total cholesterol concentration was accompanied by decreased HMGCR activity.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Biochanin A could be a useful agent in the prevention of de novo hepatic cholesterol synthesis and development of hypercholesterolemia; which is the main cause of CHD

This paper presents the test results of a proposed ductile moment-resisting beam-column connection for precast concrete frames and a developed3D nonlinear finite element model of this connection in several different details of connection, to predict its behavior under cyclic loading, based on the loading of the ACI T1.1-01. In this connection, precast concrete beam and column are connected to each other by steel linkage element. This method is able to create concrete structures with higher quality through minimizing in-situ concreting and maximizing the speed of construction as well as usage of ductile and exchangeable elements in sensible locations of the connection. Two types of bolted and welded connections were compared to monolithic connection in terms of stiffness, strength, energy dissipation capacity and ductility factor. All specimens satisfied all criteria of ACI T1.1-01.To investigate the behavior of these connections a 3D nonlinear finite element model has been simulated. Numerical results showed a good agreementwith experimental results. The initial stiffness of monolithic connectionspecimen wasgreater thanboltedconnection and welded connectionspecimens.Even though, the beam moment capacity factors for two welded and bolted samples were a little more than monolithic sample; but the ductility factors of these samples were a little less than that of monolithic sample.

There is a fundamental need to characterize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) toxicity to guarantee their safe application. Functionalized MWCNTs have recently attracted special interest in order to enhance biocompatibility. The aim of the current work was to study the underlying toxicity mechanism of the -OH-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-OH), using the powerful NMR-based metabonomics technique.
Following intraperitoneal single-injection of mice with 3 doses of MWCNTs-OH and one control, samples were collected at four time points during 22-days for NMR, biochemistry, and histopathology analysis. Metabolome profiling and pathway analysis were implemented by chemometrics tools and metabolome databases.
Based on the 1H-NMR data, metabolic perturbation induced by MWCNTs-OH were characterized by altered levels of steroid hormones, including elevated androgens, estrogens, corticosterone, and aldosterone. Moreover, increased L-lysine, aminoadipate, taurine and taurocholic acid and decreased biotin were observed in the high-dose group (1 mg.kg-1 B.W.) compared to the control. The findings also indicated that steroid hormone biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and biotin metabolism are the most affected pathways by MWCNTs-OH.
These pathways can reflect perturbation of energy, amino acids, and fat metabolism, as well as oxidative stress. The data obtained by biochemistry, metabonomics, and histopathology were in good agreement, proving that MWCNTs-OH was excreted within 24 h, through the biliary pathway.

Colorectal cancer susceptibility may correlate with the Klotho gene G-395A and C1818T polymorphisms. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between a Klotho single nucleotide polymorphism and IGF-1 with risk of colorectal cancer.
This study enrolled 60 colorectal cancer patients and 60 age-matched healthy persons who referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, and Northern Iran in September 2013. Patients enrolled under supervision of a gastro-intestinal specialist and according to the ethics right. G-395A and C1818T polymorphisms were genotyped with polymerase chain confronting two pair primer technology. IGF-1 and certain biochemistry analytes were assayed. Statistical analysis was used to compare appropriate relationships.
There were different base pair partitions for G395A and C1818T. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to analyze the correlation of genotypes and haplotypes with colorectal cancer susceptibility. The AA (odds ratio: 1.437, 95% confidence interval: 0.596) and GA (odds ratio: 1.958, 95% confidence interval: 1.133- 3.385) genotypes of the G-395A polymorphisms showed a slight relationship to the risk of colorectal cancer. The A allele had a much higher frequency in the case group (31.2%) compared with the control group (17.6%). There was no significant relationship with the C1818T polymorphism between the case and control groups.
The Klotho gene polymorphism did not significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, these genotypes might not have a correlation with IGF-1.

In this paper, a 3D nonlinear finite element model of a new moment-resistance connection in precast concrete structures is developed and its behaviors in several different details of connection, under cyclic loading are studied. During the FE modeling performed by Abaqus Software, the results of analysis of related connections under cyclic loads is compared with experimental results. The effect of nonlinearity of material and geometry and contact between different parts of model as well as bond-slip effect of reinforcement bars are considered. It should be noted that three connections, include two precast connections and a monolithic connection, are modeled. For verification of Finite elements model, the hysteresis curves, resistance of connections and failure modes (the cracks pattern and deformation mode) which have been compared with experimental results and show the suitable accordance of outputs of related computerized model with related experimental results.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers in the world and that use to lifestyle, increasing chemical pollutions, environmental factors and poor nutrition. The most important cause of this cancer is oxidative stress and free radicals so antioxidant activities for the body are so important. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of zinc and (Malondialdehyde) MDA in BCC patients.
This study has been performed on case and control patients from 2013 to 2014. The samples were collected from cell carcinoma patients at Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated the level of zinc with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Besides, we evaluated MDA with colorimetric assay.
The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in case group in comparison to control group (P=0.001). In addition, case group had lower concentration of zinc than the control group (P=0.000). There was no correlation between MDA and body mass index (BMI) and between zinc and BMI.
All the patients with BCC showed a significant MDA serum in comparison with control group. However, significant decrease in zinc serum of the patients was seen that is because of consuming zinc during oxidative stress process so topical use of zinc in the form of 2 ions could be effective on antioxidant protection against the sun UV radiation.

Human exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as heart failure, asthma and cancer. It has been suggested that oxidative stress is involved in air pollution-induced disorders. Recently, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known as a marker of oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to outdoor air pollution on enzyme activity of GGT and also usage of GGT serum level as a marker for studying of harmful effects of air pollution in the resident with high air pollution level.
In this analytical cross-sectional study, 110 healthy adult men, never-smoking, who worked in an area with high air pollution and 90 men who worked in an area with low air pollution, as control group, were enrolled. All subjects were in the age range of 25-45 years with minimum work history of three years. The GGT activity in the serum samples was determined using a spectrophotometric method.
Our results showed that the serum levels of GGT in the subjects in the areas with high air pollution (33.92 ± 1.61 U/L) did not differ significantly with those of control region (33.62 ± 1.74 U/L).
Overall, this study did not support the hypothesis that GGT enzyme could be considered as an oxidative stress marker following exposure to outdoor air pollution. Further studies with a larger sample sizes and also trials in other areas are required to confirm these results.

Variety of soil reactions govern the distribution of metal micronutrients that includes complexation with organic and inorganic ligands, ion exchange, adsorption and desorption processes, precipitation and dissolution of solids and acid-based equilibria. The relative importance of these reactions depends on many factors such as soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties and the nature of metal ions. Environmental factors such as climate, physiographic position, and soil development may affect variability of some soil properties and thereby nutrient availability. The present research was conducted to find relationships between Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper availability and some major soil properties, physiographic condition and soil development.
Golpayegan region is located in northwest of Isfahan province in central Iran. The mean elevation of the studied area is 1790 above sea level. Annual precipitation was about 244mm and mean monthly temperature ranges from -6 in January to 34°C in August. The soils were developed on different physiographic conditions including piedmont plains, alluvial-fan, plateaus, and flood plains belonging to Entisols and Aridisols. Soil samples (0–60 cm) were collected from 98 grid points with 2000m distance in the agricultural area of Golpayegan. Particle size distribution, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, available potassium and phosphorus of the soils were measured by SWRI standard methods. Available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were determined by addition of 10 g soil to 20mL 0.005M diethylentriaminepentaceticþ. The solutions were shaken for 2 h at 25°C, centrifuged, filtered, and Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results Studied soils were developed on calcareous material and about 60% of samples have more than 20% of calcium carbonate. Available Fe ranged from 1.4 to 6.5 mg kg-1 (mean 15.8 mg kg-1). Significant relationships were also found between DTPA-extractable Fe, organic matter (OM) and calcium carbonate. The results indicated that organic matter (OM) is the most influential soil characteristics that predict Fe availability. DTPA-extractable Mn in the soils ranged from 1.8 to 19.8 mg kg-1 (mean 7 mg kg-1). There were also no relationship between available Mn and soil properties. It has been reported that Mn availability in soils is mainly influenced by oxidation-reduction rather than other factors. Available Zn in the studied soils ranged from 0 to 2.4 mg kg-1 (mean 0.8 mg kg-1) and had significant correlations with particle size and OM contents. This result showed the importance of soil exchanger phase (clay and OM) in Zn availability in calcareous soils, and was in agreement with the findings of Wu et al. (2006) in soils of North Dakota. DTPA-extractable Cu ranged from 0.2 to 2.4 mg kg-1 (mean 0.9 mg kg-1). According to the report of Lindsay and Norvell (1978), 90% of soils had sufficient Cu. However, there were variations among soils in available Cu as a function of physiographic position. The highest values were found in the soils developed on piedmont plains. Significant relationships between available Cu and some major soils properties such as sand, clay, OM, and calcium carbonate were also found. This result was in agreement with findings of Wu et al. (2010) who concluded that soil properties influencing the spatial distribution of Cu availability.
Nutrient availability is one of the most critical concerns of plant production in calcareous soils of Golpayegan . Different pedogenic processes, variable deposition and transport, and different weathering regimes affect micronutrient content, distribution, and availability. Results indicated that Fe deficiencies followed by Mn and Zn in the studied soils are more critical than Cu deficiencies. In fact, 90% of soils had sufficient Cu. Mainly micronutrient availability in the studied soils was related to soil texture and organic matter, although Mn availability showed no relationships with major soil properties. It was concluded that the availability of Fe, Zn, and Cu may be predicted to some extent using some factors such as soil properties and physiographic condition. Availability of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Torrifluvents developed on piedmont plain was higher than in other soils and this may be due to the high amounts of OM and clay, whereas Haplocalcids developed on plateaus had the lowest content. Generally, it was concluded that the mentioned factors affect metal distribution and cycling in the soils and thereby metal availability for plants. On the other hand, prediction of micronutrient availability using these factors can be taken into consideration for better management.

In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a partial orthotropic steel deck was created by ABAQUS software [1], and fatigue design load was simulated according to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification [2]. The stress in points susceptible to fatigue cracks of rib-to-deck joint is investigated in five different cross-sections in model’s middle span and most sensitive region of fatigue cracks was identified. Then, the most sensitive region of fatigue cracks cross-section was simulated with a two-dimensional sub-model by compact meshing and domains of stress intensity factor were calculated with various depths of crack in point susceptible to fatigue crack by the numerical method, finally according to stress results and using the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) method Fatigue evaluation, including simulation of cracking growth, estimation of loading period and connection fatigue resistance, was done.

One of the main reasons for the fatigue problems in Orthotropic steel decks is the low stiffness of the deck plate. In this study, By increase the deck plate stiffness with three methods of renovation, Reducing stress in the rib-to-deck connections is investigated. For this purpose, a orthotropic steel deck is modeled with ABAQUS finite element Software, and According to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification is simulation of fatigue and Then with the help of three methods of Renovation Bonded steel plate, Sandwich steel plate and Reinforced High Performance Concrete, This reduction of Stresses is studied. The analysis results indicate that at the rib-to-deck joints, Stresses on the deck plate can be reduced by 80% and on the rib web can be reduced by 70% using this renovation methods, As a result, fatigue life of the deck will increase significantly. Also, The comparison of the Renovation methods shows that among renovation methods, Reinforced High Performance Concrete method will give the best results.An orthotropic bridge deck (OBD) consists of a deck plate supported in two perpendicular directions by a system of longitudinal stiffeners and transverse crossbeams which are, in turn, spanned by main girders. All these elements are connected by welding.Fatigue is a well-known phenomenon in orthotropic bridge decks. Several welded details appeared to be extremely sensitive to fatigue loading and shortened drastically the life span of orthotropic bridge decks. One of the most threatening fatigue cracks concerning the traffic safety running on the bridge is the one at the longitudinal welds between the deck plate and trapezoidal stiffener. The main reason is the low stiffness of the deck plate, which is insufficient to deal with the wheel loads of heavy traffic. Moreover, the increase of heavy traffic in the last decades makes the fatigue phenomena an even greater concern. It became clear that existing orthotropic bridge decks needed to be stiffened in order to decrease the stresses at the welds and extend their fatigue life. In the past decades, this subject attracted international attention and several studies have been performed on the fatigue phenomena and on the possible reinforcement systems.The transverse distribution of wheel loads in orthotropic decks generates significant out-of-plane bending moments in the deck plate and rib wall at the rib-to-deck joint. Due to the relatively small thickness of both the deck plate and rib wall, the out-of-plane bending moments result in high local flexural stresses causing fatigue cracks to develop at the joint.in the rib-to-deck connections, Due to the geometry of the welding, there are four potential spots around the weld where the fatigue cracks may initiate, wherein:Crack 1 initiates in the weld root and propagates through the deck plateCrack 2 initiates in the weld toe in the deck plate and propagates through the deck plateCrack 3 initiates in the weld toe in the trough web and propagates through the trough webCrack 4 initiates in the weld root and propagates through the weld throat.

Aim and Gene silencing effect of siRNA significantly depends upon an appropriate method to introduce it into the cells. In the present study, the effect of liposomes on 177Lu-siRNA delivery into colon cancer cells has been studied quantitatively. siRNA was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA and labeled with lutetium. After being purified with Vivaspin and Sephadex G25 columns, 177Lu-siRNA complexes were evaluated for purity and integrity using ITLC and PAGE, respectively. Labeled siRNAs were transfected into colon cancer cells using Lipofectamine and siPORT Neo FX. Then, percentage of the transfection was quantitatively calculated with a gamma counter. For the evaluation of cytotoxic effects of the labeled siRNA, microscopic photographs and cell counting were used. ITLC showed that the purity of 177Lu-siRNA complex products were in excess of 95%. The percentage of the transfected 177Lu-siRNA complexes with Lipofectamine was significantly higher compared to that of siPORT Neo FX (P < 0. 01). Cell counting and microscopic photographs indicated that 177lu-siRNA complex targeting IGF-1R had significantly cytotoxic effect on the understudied cells compared to the control groups (P < 0.001). The present study shows that efficiency of the lipofectamine in transfection of the 177Lu-siRNA into colon cancer cells is more than siPORT Neo FX, and 177Lu-siRNA targeting IGF-1R has cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells.

Achieving stable agricultural production with proper profitability and, at the same time, preserving the environment from destructive effects of chemical fertilizers is not possible without taking the changes in farm’s soil and plant growth into account. The division of the farm into management sections is carried out in a variety of ways. Concentrated sampling of plants and soil, preparation of contour line maps of its features, and the use of aerial (installed on airplanes) and satellite sensors are among these methods. In developing countries, access to high resolution satellite data is not feasible due to economic and security reasons. However, satellite data with smaller scale is partially able to make the division of the management sections in the farm according to the state of plant growth possible. In this study, the possibility of dividing in-farm management sections based on the NDVI index calculated from the reflection intensity at Landsat 7 satellite wavelengths has been investigated. The NDVI map provides the possibility of dividing farm sections, calculation of the cropping area of ​​each product, and the division of sections with different growth. The coefficient of variation of the NDVI growth index in the 10 hectare farm scale was about 11.5% and was significant. The observable growth rate of the field and the growth rate estimated according to the NDVI index field show agreement.a