mr rahnama

A Smart city ensures sustainable economic development and life quality improvement using human and social capitals and communication infrastructures, manages its natural resources consciously, and includes the dimensions of Smart economy, mobility, environment, people, life and government. This study aims to understand the Smart environment component, using future studies approach in order to investigate and structurally analyze the interactions between the environmental drivers in the Mashhad metropolis and present future scenarios.

This is a quantitative survey carried out in 2022 in the Mashhad metropolis. In order to identify the drivers. The opinions of 30 urban management experts and specialists were collected using targeted non-random sampling and were analyzed in the Mic Mac software. For compiling the scenarios facing the Mashhad metropolis in the Smart environment, the questionnaire was given to 20 foresight experts to collect their opinions to score the matrix of the conditions facing the descriptors.

According to the results of Mic Mac software, three indicators, including environmental regulations, raising citizens' awareness and encouraging them to participate, and the environmental supervision and monitoring were the most influential and impressible variables. Variables' places in the "matrix of direct influence" shows that system is unstable.

Just two scenarios (Golden and disaster scenarios) out of 115 possible ones had high compatibility in Mashhad. "Environmental regulations" and "environmental supervision and monitoring" were the most influential factors playing an important role in making Mashhad environment smarter. These two factors are of great importance in making the first scenario more probable and to avoid the second scenario.

Nowadays, over 50% of the world population lives in cities. The adverse effects of urbanization on the citizen's health have emerged as a result of urbanization expansion. Social health is one of the health dimensions which has been included within the definition of "health" in 1974 by World Health Organization (WHO). Increased social health is associated with physical and mental health. Meantime, women are considered as high-risk group in terms of health for their diverse roles in society. Without appropriate social health, women cannot effectively play their individual and social roles. The studies have shown that attending at urban green space could improve social health. In other words, urban green spaces inject social benefits to cities. The presence of women in urban green space is influenced by individual and environmental factors including educational level and income. Concerning the environmental factors, it could be said that the quality of urban green space is more important for women than men.The influential factors on quality of urban green space and increase of women presence could be classified in three dimensions of structural- spatial, aesthetic and perceptional- emotional. Therefore, the research objectives are the investigation of the manner of spatial distribution of social health of women in Mashhad city; the evaluation of spatial autocorrelation of social heath of women and urban green space and the determination of factors affecting women presence in urban green space in individual and environmental dimensions.

This is a mixed-method explanatory study in which quantitative method was used for evaluation of spatial communications and qualitative-quantitative method for identification of factors affecting women presence in urban green space.
In this study, just 16-64 years old women were considered since the spatial-social inequalities in health are maximized in this range. Keyes scale was used for evaluation of social health and 670 questionnaires were filled and retuned in Mashhad city. Urban green space is taken to meant the parks with an area over one hectare. Bivariate Moran index was used to determine the spatial relation of social health and urban green space and spatial analyses were performed using GIS and Geo Da software in Mashhad districts. After performing spatial self-correlation, High-Low cluster (area 7, districts 1 and 2) was realized with reverse spatial relation and Mirza Kuchak Khan Park was selected for interview and field study. 300-meter and 999-meter buffers were prepared from the intended park and for identification of effective factors, whether in individual or environmental dimension, the inhabitants of this area (up to 999 meter radius) were taken into account. For investigation of the relation between individual factors and presence in urban city space, ordinal regression test in SPSS was used and for identification of effective environmental factors, 17 semi-structured interviews were performed with the women living in the intended buffer through snowball technique and interviews were analyzed based on components of structural- spatial, aesthetics and perceptual- emotional dimensions.

The results indicated that women living in district 10 of area 3 (10-3), (8-3) and (9-2) have higher mean of social health and the mean social health of women in (8-2) and Samen district of area 1 is lower. Moran index was used to investigate the manner of spatial distribution of social health and it was obtained as 0.18, which indicates that social health distribution has been clustering. The results of bivariate Moran test showed that there is positive spatial relation between women social health and urban green space with coefficient of 0.23. If per capita urban green space increases, social health of women in Mashhad will increase. In this regard, five types of cluster in 8 municipality areas of Mashhad were constituted and the spatial relation was not meaningful in other areas. In district 7, areas 1 and 2, the inverse spatial relation was obtained and High-Low cluster was constructed. Therefore, the parks in these two areas were investigated and Mirza Kuchak Khan Park was selected as sample. Ordinal regression test was used to determine influential individual factors on presence in Mirza Kuchak Khan Park. The results indicated that from individual variables, lower level of education and higher income are meaningful in error level less than 0.05 and the relation is positive. In order to determine environmental factors, interviews with 17 women were performed based on snowball technique. In all analyses, it was tried to identify and present the least number of descriptive classes that, at the same time, had the highest compliance with diversity of opinions in interviews. The most frequently stated problems in structural-spatial dimension were lack of separate sport equipment for women in sport equipment components and lack of prayer room and unpleasant hygiene status of bathrooms in services components. In aesthetic dimension, the park condition was considered pleasant by women and in perceptual-emotional dimension among women security components, the presence of addicted people and Arabs were mentioned as the factors resulting in feeling of insecurity.

The research findings indicated positive spatial autocorrelation between social health and urban green space and suggested the possibility of increasing women presence in parks and consequently promoting their social health through improving parks' environmental condition. This study has applications for urban planners and managers since the quality of environment and the nature of developments are the main health factors. Moreover, the historical relation between urban planning and health dimensions has been emphasized. The researchers hope that the investigation of the relation between green space and social health could provide the ground for improving the quality of green spaces and therefore promoting social health of women in Mashhad. Moreover, the historical relation between urban planning and health dimensions has been emphasized. The researchers hope that the investigation of the relation between green space and social health could provide the ground for improving the quality of green spaces and therefore promoting social health of women in Mashhad.

This study aims to design a model for the factors influencing the improvement of the strategic position of the supreme council of the provinces in Iranchr('39')s national development. Physical aspects of the city and the countrychr('39')s optimal future development are the studied fields in the current research.

This is a qualitative study in terms of the methodology according to the grounded theory. The statistical population includes the elites in the provinceschr('39') supreme council that are selected using snowball sampling and continued until the theoretical saturation with 12 people.

There are 59 codes discovered for the main category of the research (good urban governance), 12 codes for the casual data condition, 36 codes for the contextual condition, 9 codes for the strategies, 11 codes for the intervening factors, and 54 codes for the consequences. 181 codes were extracted from the research interviews.

according to the research findings, some factors such as the art and science of management, national resources, and managerial attitude can form a good urban governing that highlights strategies such as creativity thinking (divergent thinking) and peaceful approaches as the provincial supreme council strategies. Such strategies may have some results for instance the development-oriented approaches and sustainable development.

Competition between locations is global. Competition for foreign investment and business, tourism income, skilled labor and attracting creative people to become new citizens who are driving the growth of the economy has intensified. In a global environment of intense competition and continuous change, cities must focus on improving service levels and increasing customer satisfaction to maintain competition and achieve long-term survival. Location marketing has been studied for decades. In the past, location marketing studies focused on foreign audiences or tourists, but now, studies have focused on urban residents. And they are recognized as an important target group of local customers who previously their satisfaction less considered, While they shape the location brand with their characteristics and behaviors. Citizens' satisfaction is an important tool for determining the citizen's perspective of the city in which they live, which is formed by the perceived nature or quality of relevant urban environments and people outside the city are always looking for an awareness of its level. Because they are naturally informal, valid , and credible sources of information about the place. Responding to the needs of citizens creates a sense of enjoyment and social welfare and positive behaviors from them. There has been a significant defect In consideration of the role of citizens in the place marketing process. Urban managers need to be aware of the role of citizens as a powerful tool in the local marketing process. The purpose of this paper is to improve policy through the satisfaction and attraction of residents. Accordingly, in this research, residents' perception of the quality of urban life in Mashhad city is firstly evaluated. Then, the relationship between perceived quality of urban life, satisfaction, attachment and citizenship behaviors such as intention to leave a place of life and positive speech in Mashhad city was investigated.

The city studied in this study is Mashhad. Due to the wide extent of the city and in order to generalize the results of the research into the community studied the 3 regions of Mashhad 1, 6 and 9 were selected to complete the questionnaires. The sample size was 382 people. In order to assess perceived quality in Mashhad, 30 items in four dimensions of urban facilities and infrastructure, basic needs, social environment and environment were considered. Questionnaire with 5-options Likert scale was used from I fully agree with the continuum until I completely disagree. In which I totally agree with the score of 5, indicating the opinion, I agree with the score of 4, I do not have a score of 3, I disagree with the score of 2, and I totally disagree with the score of 1, and the respondents were asked to rate the city in 30 selected items. 3 items were developed to assess the overall citizens' satisfaction. Citizens' attachment was also evaluated with 3 items. Also, 2 items were considered for 5-point Likert scale in order to investigate the variables of intention to leave and 2 items in order to evaluate the positive speech variable.

The results of descriptive statistics and t-test for dimension of urban facilities and infrastructures showed that overall average for this dimension is 2.61 and has significant differences with mean of 3. T-test results for basic needs dimension also showed that the overall average of this dimension is equal to 1.92 and has a significant difference with an average of 3. The social environment dimension also showed a significant difference with an average of 3 and, of course, less than this. Finally, the average for the environmental dimension was 2.76. Accordingly, the first hypothesis based on the desired level of perceived quality in Mashhad was rejected. The results of this study showed that in all four dimensions are considered perceived quality was lower than average of 3. In the next stage, the results of the model test and research hypotheses were as follows that the second hypothesis based on the positive effect of perceived quality on the overall satisfaction of citizens was confirmed with path coefficient (β = 0.43) . And it can be said that by increasing the level of perceived quality, the overall satisfaction of citizens will increase. The third hypothesis was confirmed that the citizens' satisfaction had a positive effect on the city's attachment (β = 0.68). The negative effects of citizens' satisfaction on the intention to quit (β = 0.31) and the negative impact of attachment on the intention to leave (β = -0.28) were confirmed. Existence of satisfaction and attachment in citizens has reduced the intention of leaving the city by citizens.The results of this section were also confirmed by the results of the research of (Zenker & Rütter, 2014). Finally, the hypothesis of positive effect of citizenship satisfaction on positive speech with path coefficient and significant number (β = 0.20), as well as the attachment effect hypothesis on positive speech with path coefficient (β = 0.33)) were confirmed.

No performance evaluation is possible without assessing citizens' expectations and perceptions. The important thing is that the services provided are efficient and that respond to the needs and requirements of the citizens in a desirable manner. In this regard, measurement is the first step for improvement, and satisfaction surveys should be carried out at regular intervals, the service area must be identified and needs to be estimated and ways of developing and improvement must be investigated. Location attachment is useful. Communities included of many people, try more to maintain their societies. This feeling of emotional attachment should be strengthened by developing meaningful relationships by urban executives. The quality of provided services is a key factor in this regard, since quality leads to satisfaction; something has a positive effect on the attachment and positive behaviors of citizens like positive speech. Therefore, city managers must implement a variety of programs to enrich, increase, maintain, modify, or create a desired level.

Health tourism is a form of tourism which is well known and common for many years between communities.The aims of current study was a comparative evaluation of the factors affecting promotion of health tourism in Mashhad from the perspective of foreign tourists and managers.
Material & This was an applied descriptive–survey. Area of the study was Mashhad metropolitan in the period between 2015-2016. The study population includes administrators and experts in related organizations who were 50 people of custodians, as well as 384 foreign tourists. The researcher-made questionnaire was provided in two categories for experts and tourists. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software, one-sample t-test and paired t-test were used. Also the mean ± standard deviation of six variables of Porter's diamond model in status quo and the impact were measured.
Results showed a relatively good condition of the status quo of Mashhad in terms of entry into the health tourism market from the perspective of managers and experts (average of 3.36). Whereas, foreign tourists have evaluated only two variables including government (3.11) and culture (3.33) above the average and total average was lower than the mediocre (2.85).
Results showed that the cultural factors have had a desirable status and high impact from the perspective of foreign tourists and executives. Moreover, governmental support in providing visa services and accommodation for tourists was an important criterion in choosing a tourist destination. Generally, it was suggested that the custodians of health tourism in order to attract more tourists and promote this industry should offer the competitive prices.