n. hajloo

Relapse of substance use with negative physical and psychosocial consequences has become a public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to model the relapse of substance use based on risky decision making, attentional bias, and reward sensitivity with the mediating role of craving.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all men with substance use disorder (methamphetamine use) who were quitting in 2019 and had referred to addiction treatment camps in Ardabil. A sample of 172 of these individuals was selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of relapse prediction, reward sensitivity, short scale craving, balloon analogue risk task (BART), and Dot-Probe test. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results showed that the path coefficients of the risky decision making to craving (β=0.21, p=0.002) and relapse (β=0.30, p=0.001), attentional bias to craving (β=0.29, p=0.004), reward sensitivity to craving (β=0.15, p=0.041), and relapse (β=0.21, p=0.006) are significant in the model under review. But the path coefficients of attentional bias to relapse was not significant (β=0.14, p=113). Craving also mediated the relationship between risky decision-making, attentional bias, and reward sensitivity.

According to the results, risky decision making, attentional bias, reward sensitivity, and mediating role of craving can be used to predict the relapse of substance use. Therefore, it is suggested that addiction specialists use the results of the present study in their treatment programs and counseling.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of the sense of agency and deviant personality traits in predicting addiction tendency in secondary high school students. The study is descriptive-correlational. The population of this study included all male students of a state high school in Pars Abad City during 2017 academic year. 120 people from this population selected by random-cluster sampling and filled out the Addiction Potential Questionnaire of Zargar and et al, Sense of Agency Scale of Woody et al., and Personality Deviant Scale of Bedford et al. The data was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between addiction tendency and the components of simplicity and incontinence. The components of deviant characteristics of personality were lack of trust, dependence, and hostile acts has a positive and significant relationship (p < 0.01). The results of multiple regression showed that 37 percent of the total variance of tendency to addiction is explained by the sense of agency and deviant personality traits. The results of this study revealed that the sense of agency and deviant personality traits have the ability to predict the tendency to addiction in teenagers in a meaningful way.

Drug abuse has been affected by a combination of individual, family and social factors. Craving for drug abuse has been recognized as a predictor of negative outcomes of treatment of drug abuse disorders.

The present study aimed to determine the role of a sense of coherence and personal intelligence in the prediction of the craving of drug users

 The present study is descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted of all drug users who referred to treatment centers in the first half of 2018 in the outpatient departments of Kermanshah province, a total of 120 individuals were selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection tools consisted of three questionnaires including a sense of coherence, personal intelligence and craving. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions using SPSS 25

The results of correlation coefficients showed that the craving had a negative and significant relationship with the total score of sense of coherence, that of the components of Comprehensibility, Controllability, Significance and Configuration, meaningful and shaping (P<0/01). The results of the regression analysis showed that 30 percent of craving variance was explained by a sense of coherence, and personal intelligence.

Accordingly, the sense of coherence and personal intelligence is one of the variables related to craving that can be targeted for the prevention, treatment and depression of these variables.

Specific Learning Disorder is one of the neurocognitive disorders that has received increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies have shown that the working memory of students with a specific learning disorder has deficiencies. So far, several studies on working memory have been conducted to improve the performance of students with special learning disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to integrate the results of previous studies in this field that a total of 15 related studies involving 429 subjects were conducted. The findings showed that the effect size of working memory training on learning disorder was 0.863. This effect size in dyslexia was 1.24, in dyscalculia was 0.793 and in dysgraphia was 0.708. The aforementioned effect size in dyslexia has been more than the two other disorders. Furthermore, the results obtained from the analysis of the moderator variable of the number of sessions, indicates the lack of effect of this variable on performance improvement in specific learning disorder. According to the research results, it is suggested that working memory training in order to improve the performance of students with dyslexic disorder should receive more attention. Other results were discussed, too.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of mindfulness and life expectancy in predicting dimensions of time perspective in students.

The research method is descriptive-correlational and its statistical population is all students of Mohaghegh Ardebil University. 384 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Then they responded to Zimbardo's time perspective, Schneider's hope, and Brown and Ryan's mindfulness. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests.

Life expectancy is a part of the variance of the time perspective presenthedonisticand negative Past; and mindfulness significantly explaines some of the variance of the negative Past present-fatalist. Mindfulness and life expectancy also partly explain the variance of the future perspective.

The results indicated that mindfulness and life expectancy can predict students' perspective. Therefore, teaching time perspective among students in different fields seems essential.

This study aimed to compare self-regulatory behaviors and meta-mood in students with and without separation anxiety. Its design was descriptive and casual-comparative. The population consisted of all high school students in Roodsar in 2015-2016. 160 (80 female, 80 male) students were selected via purposive sampling. The data were collected by Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (Manicavasagar, 2003), Self-regulation Questionnaire (Brown et al., 1999), and Meta-mood Scale (Palmer et al, 1999) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated significantly lower levels of self-regulatory behaviors and meta-mood in students with separation anxiety compared to those without (p=.05). Therefore, these students face more difficulties in regulating their behaviors and emotions and highly likely be exposed to psychological damages.