noshin abdolmaleki

Gram-negative bacilli with multidrug resistance are important pathogens in hospitals and can lead to high mortality rates. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of Gram-negative bacilli with multidrug resistance isolated from clinical specimens of neonates and childern referring to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj City in 2018.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study 10,000 clinical specimens were studied, including; blood, urine, wounds discharge, respiratory secretions and body fluids in 2018. Gram-negative bacteria were identified by standard microbiological methods, then susceptibility testing to common antibiotics was performed using disk diffusion method to determine multidrug resistant strains.

In this study, among 10000 clinical specimens we obtained 652 Gram- negative bacilli with positive cultures including urine 523 (80%), blood 78(12%), respiratory secretions 26(4%), wound discharge 15(2.5%) and body fluids 10(1.5%) from the outpatients and hospitalized patients. Gram-negative bacilli isolated from these samples included Escherichia coli (65.7%), Enterobacter spp (10.4%), Citrobacter spp (8.9%), Acinetobacter spp (7.2%), Klebsiella spp (3.5%), Pseudomonas spp (2.6%), Proteus spp (0.92%) and Serratia spp (0.78%). Most of Gram- negative bacilli with multidrug resistance were isolated from NICU (neonate intensive care unit) and PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) wards. The highest and lowest antibiotic resistance rates belonged, to ampicillin (84.5%) and meropenem (9.9%).The average multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 68.9%, ranging from 55.9% for Enterobacter spp. to 83% for Acinetobacter spp.

Multidrug resistance was high among the microorganisms isolated in this center. To select appropriate and specific treatment, periodic interactions and monitoring of the pathogen resistance pattern should be considered and unnecessary use of antibiotics should be avoided.

Zoonotic parasites are a broad range of diseases Which are of great health and economic importance. The purpose of this study was to identify the Zoonotic diseases in slaughtered animals in Sanadaj slaughterhouse. This cross sectional study was done on gastrointestinal tract 273 slaughtered animals including 164 sheep, 45 and 64 gastrointestinal tract of sheep, goats and cattle were collected, respectively, and transferred to the laboratory of Parasitology. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. Results showed that the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, goats and cattle were 29%, 38% and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of fasciola in the liver of sheep, goats and cattle were 5.49%, 4.4% and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dicrocelium of liver: 3.05%, 2.2% and 3.1%, the prevalence of lung worms in sheep and goats were 8.54% and 4.4%, respectively, but there was no pulmonary infection in cattle. The prevalence of hydatic cyst in the liver of sheep, goats and cattle were 6.25%, 2.2%, 4.27%, the prevalence of hydatic cyst in lung were 7.32%, 11.11%, 9.37%, respectively. In this study, 19 parasite species from sheep (12 nematodes, 4 cestodes, 3 trematodes), 11 parasite species from goats (7 nematodes, 2 cestodes, 2 trematodes), 7 parasite species from cattle (3 nematodes, 1 cestode, 3 trematodes) were isolated. According to our results, there is a high prevalence of Zoonotic parasites in Sanandaj livestock animals. Which, in addition to imposing economic losses and health risks for the human, Increases the need for wider health measures to control diseases

Zoonotic parasites are a broad range of diseases Which are of great health and economic importance. The purpose of this study was to identify the Zoonotic diseases in slaughtered animals in Sanadaj slaughterhouse. This cross sectional study was done on gastrointestinal tract 273 slaughtered animals including 164 sheep, 45 and 64 gastrointestinal tract of sheep, goats and cattle were collected, respectively, and transferred to the laboratory of Parasitology. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. Results showed that the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, goats and cattle were 29%, 38% and 8%, respectively. The prevalence of fasciola in the liver of sheep, goats and cattle were 5.49%, 4.4% and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dicrocelium of liver: 3.05%, 2.2% and 3.1%, the prevalence of lung worms in sheep and goats were 8.54% and 4.4%, respectively, but there was no pulmonary infection in cattle. The prevalence of hydatic cyst in the liver of sheep, goats and cattle were 6.25%, 2.2%, 4.27%, the prevalence of hydatic cyst in lung were 7.32%, 11.11%, 9.37%, respectively. In this study, 19 parasite species from sheep (12 nematodes, 4 cestodes, 3 trematodes), 11 parasite species from goats (7 nematodes, 2 cestodes, 2 trematodes), 7 parasite species from cattle (3 nematodes, 1 cestode, 3 trematodes) were isolated. According to our results, there is a high prevalence of Zoonotic parasites in Sanandaj livestock animals. Which, in addition to imposing economic losses and health risks for the human, Increases the need for wider health measures to control diseases

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in prostate cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HPV and prostate cancer.
In this case - control study, 133 paraffin embedded and formalin fixed prostate tissues were collected from the archive of pathology laboratory, Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. A total of 58 tissues with malignant tumors (cases) and 75 tissues with benign prostatic hyperplasia (controls) were selected. Sections with thickness of 7 μm to 10 μm were prepared by sterile microtome blade. Sections were deparaffinized, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, and stored at - 20 °C. To detect HPV infection, PCR test was conducted on all samples, using HPV general primers. Also, to detect high - risk HPV genotypes, PCR test was performed, using genotype specific primers. Genotypes of HPV positive samples were confirmed by sequencing.
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using HPV general primers, 3 (2.3%) of the 133 samples were positive. Using genotype specific primers, HPV - 18 was positive in 2 (3.4%) of 58 cases and 1 (1.3%) of the 75 controls. The difference of HPV infection between 2 groups was not significant (P = 0.41). Other high - risk genotypes, HPV - 16, HPV - 31, and HPV - 33 were not found in both groups.
The findings of this study do not support the role of HPV in prostate cancer. So, there may be other factors involved in carcinogenesis of the prostate cancer in our population. It is necessary to confirm this result by different detection methods and in other populations.