فهرست مطالب s. gholamrezai

Unemployment of agricultural and natural resources graduates is one of the challenges that can be solved to some extent by forming agricultural cooperatives. Agricultural cooperatives in the various fields of production, distribution of inputs, conversion and processing, and marketing of agricultural products will have the necessary potential to create employment for agricultural graduates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the behavioral intention of agricultural students towards forming agricultural cooperatives using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The statistical population was all undergraduate students of agricultural and natural resources college of Lorestan University in the academic year 1400. Using Cochran's formula, 363 students were determined as the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that the behavioral intention of students towards forming agricultural cooperatives is influenced by the variables of attitude, mental norms, and behavioral control, and those three variables are also affected by the three variables of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and controlled beliefs, respectively. According to the results, the effect of students' behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and controlled beliefs on their attitude, subjective beliefs and perceived behavioral control towards the formation of agricultural cooperatives is significant. Also, the three variables of attitude, mental beliefs, and perceived behavioral control have a significant effect on students' behavioral intention towards forming agricultural cooperatives. Those three variables explained 62.7 percent of the variance of students' intention variable. The achievements of this research can guide cooperative planners and those in charge of the employment of students in the field of agriculture and natural resources.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the key actors of groundwater resources with a focus on sustainability in the Karkheh-Olia catchment in which the future research approach and actor analysis technique (Mactor) were used. The information was collected through interviews and actor-actor and actor-target questionnaires. The sample included 11 subject experts and university professors in the form of three three-person panels and one two-person panel, which were selected purposefully. The results showed that 16 actors are effective in this field, and Program and Budget Organization and the Islamic Parleman are the most competitive actors scoring 2.50 and 2.13 points, respectively. In contrast to non-governmental/civil organizations, the Housing Foundation and the private sector were the most uncompetitive actors who have scored 0.06, 0.2, and 0.4 respectively. In addition, the results showed that according to their goals and mission, most of the actors agree more to achieve two goals, including development of non-agricultural jobs in rural communities and development of infrastructure to attract investments, which were assigned 27.8 and 21.2 points respectively. According to the results, most of the actors have divergence (pursuing separate goals) and their degree of convergence (agreement to realize the common goal) in the planning and policy-making of water resources management is at a weak level compared to each other, which should be seriously addressed in the plannings and policy-makings of water resources management.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused anxiety and fear in humans, has negatively affected the mental health of millions of people. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 disease on mental health of Iranian rural households. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 375 rural households from October 2nd to 29th, 2020. Data was gathered using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate the factors associated with mental health. High rates of paranoid ideation disorder (64.6%), interpersonal sensitivity (59.5%), and hostility (48.1%) were recorded among the Iranian rural population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Females tended to show more symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Additionally, gender, the number of children, amount of loans, loss of a family member or friend due to COVID-19, worry about food insecurity, exposure to news about COVID-19, and access to medical centers were significant predictors of mental health. These findings indicate the need for public policies centered on mental disorders in rural areas during the COVID19 pandemic and the need for measures to protect vulnerable groups in the rural population.

One of the active civic institutions in the villages is the rural councils, whose capacity and power can be used in the field of institutionalizing the political participation of the target community. Therefore, purpose of this study was identifying the capacities of rural councils to improve and modify the participation of rural communities in elections process in Khorramabad county of Iran and investigating how to benefit from them. the research method of this paper was the Grounded theory based on the Strauss and Corbin model. The target population of the study was the members of the rural councils of the county and experts related to the affairs of rural councils in the governorate and districts level of this county, from which eighteen persons were selected in a purposeful snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information, which was assessed by participants; also, in order to increase the credeiability of the research, an audit guide was prepared. The results showed that taking the necessary measures to strengthen the satuts of councils in the political area at the legislative and executive levels as well as revising the duties of the councils could pave the ground for a major change to increase the participation of rural communities in elections; in addition, "strengthening the spirit of participation and teamwork in rural areas", "involving councils in regional decisions" and "respecting the impartiality of council members towards candidates" could be effective and useful in this regard and lead to "increased participation of rural people in determining their destiny".

Drought is one of the most important natural threats and disasters that has a significant impact on ecosystems, people's livelihoods, and the economic and social development of the countries. Farmers' vulnerability to drought can vary with respect to the location of living and the type of agricultural products. Therefore, most vulnerable areas should be identified to be able to better management of the drought phenomenon and mitigation of farmers' vulnerability. However, less attention has been paid to the social dimensions of farmers' vulnerability in the previous literature. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess social vulnerability towards drought across three counties of Kermanshah Province where in the intensity of drought is extremely high, moderate, and light. The sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan (n= 375) and multi-stage stratified sampling was performed to select the individual samples. The formula proposed by May Bar and Valdes was applied to assess the social vulnerability of farmers. According to the results, it can be mentioned that the indices crop diversity, participation, stress, nutritional status, irrigation system method, warning system, and knowledge of drought response measures had the greatest impacts on the social vulnerability of farmers. In addition, farmers of Giulan-e-Gharb experienced the greatest social vulnerability.

Considering the widespread and cross-cultural effects of climate with different sectors of production, environment and human communities, climate change is considered as one of the most important environmental challenges. The main aim of this study was to prioritize climate change coping strategies among fisheries sector. The research was carried out using a survey and multi-criteria decision making. In this study, the research population was the fish breeders in the form of nonagricultural businesses in Khorramabad city (N = 295). The research sample was selected using Paten table. 125 individuals were selected by stratified random sampling method with appropriate assignment. In the second part, 10 experts from the field of fisheries were selected through snowball sampling. The main instrument of the study was a questionnaire whose reliability was calculated by ordinal teta coefficient. Ranking of strategies using the virock technique and the value of Q showed that among the economic strategies, the guarantee of purchasing by the government had the highest rank in terms of importance and sustainability. Turning assets into cash among fisheners is the first and fastest way to deal with droughts. The social strategies, promote the drought-resistant varieties have been more important. Breeding quantitative and qualitative of varieties among the technical strategies was of first rank in term of importance; but the combined cultivation of products in fish farming ponds was placed in the first rank in terms of achieving sustainability and feasibility.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the economic and social empowerment of rural poor women in Nahavand Township and determining the direct and indirect effects of these variables on their ability. This research was a sort of the survey study and a questionnaire was compiled for collection of data. Statistical population included women in Nahavand Township who received small credits from credit institutes during 2010- 201 (N = 200). Statistical sample determined as 130 individuals through Morgan table. Sampling was conducted as proportional classified state. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (more than 0.7) and content validity. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results of descriptive statistics showed that 55.4 % of women, despite receiving loans, housewives and had no jobs. Based on the results of path analysis their attitude toward microcredit, the control of credit institutions on how to use the loan, the use amount of loans in empowering activities, education institutions about use credit and the entire amount of the loan.