saeed maleki

The process of urban metabolism in these areas has caused the exploitation of resources beyond the ecological capacity, and as a result, the sustainability of these areas has faced a serious challenge. the exploratory factor analysis method in the SPSS software environment was used to identify the drivers of ecological sustainability of coastal cities, and the SWARA and MABAC multi-indicator decision-making methods were used, respectively, to weight and determine the relative importance of drivers and rank coastal cities based on these drivers. In the second and third stages, the statistical community includes the group of experts who were selected from the first stage statistical community. Based on the results and the between the variables, 10 factors were identified as drivers of ecological sustainability of coastal cities based on correlations between the studied variables, which after naming, include the drivers of "sustainable urban management", "coastal governance", "protection measures", "Consequences of city metabolism" and... Also, based on the results of the drivers of "coastal governance", "sustainable urban management", "economic development" with weights of 0.41, 0.23 and 0.13, respectively, the drivers of "environmental factors" and "development of citizen awareness" with weights of 0.2 and 0.1 are the most important. They are the least important. The results of the comparative comparison of the studied coastal cities showed that the cities of Bushehr and Mahshahr have the highest relative stability with weights of 0.350 and 0.151, respectively, and the cities of Ganaveh and Handijan have the lowest relative stability with weights of -0.071 and -0.0191.

This study leverages satellite imagery and on-site meteorological data to empirically assess reservoir evaporation using the PM FAO 56 method and an artificial neural network. Focused on Sistan and Baluchistan provinces, it categorizes indicators into meteorological factors—such as wind speed, air pressure, relative humidity, and lake surface temperature—and hydrological connectivity indices, including the topographic wetness and flow length indices. These indices are evaluated under various hydrological conditions like the 120-day wind period, non-windy periods, and flood discharge periods. Results highlight the significant influence of the topographic wetness and flow length indices on evaporation, especially during flood discharge periods where their impact is 5% higher than in water storage periods. Additionally, meteorological indices have a 10% greater effect during windy conditions, with wind speed being notably more influential during the 120-day wind period. This research underlines the importance of integrating meteorological and hydrological data for comprehensive water resource management and suggests the potential of using similar approaches in other regions and under different climatic conditions, paving the way for future studies in water conservation and management strategies in response to global environmental changes.

Today, along with the increasing trend of the population, the amount of natural hazards in urban areas has also increased. One of the cities that have faced an increasing trend of population in recent years is Izeh city in Khuzestan province. Considering the high risk potential of Izeh city, it is very important to present the physical development model of Izeh city, which is addressed in this research. In this research, Sentinel 1 radar images, Landsat satellite images and digital layers of information related to the urban area and urban outskirts of Izeh have been used as the most important research data. The most important research tools are SBAS, ArcGIS and Super Decisions. Also, SBAS time series, fuzzy logic and ANP models have been used in this research. This research has been done in three general stages. In the first stage, the region's subsidence has been assessed. In the second stage, the vulnerable areas against the earthquake hazard have been identified, and in the third stage, the areas susceptible to the physical development of residential areas have been identified. The results of the SBAS time series have shown that the urban area and the urban periphery of Izeh have subsided between 13 and 68 mm during a 2-year period. The spatial analysis of the subsidence that occurred indicates that the highest amount of subsidence is related to the southern areas of this city. Also, based on the results, about 48% of the urban area of Izeh, due to the density of residential areas and being far from open spaces and main roads, has a high vulnerability potential against earthquake hazards. The results of identification of areas prone to physical development of the residential areas have also shown that about 49% of the marginal areas of Izeh city, which mainly correspond to the northeastern areas of Izeh city, are prone to physical development.

The pedestrian passers by had been the most vulnerable group in the traffic, and the more serious topics about the safety of the passers by were to be used by the culverts and those on foot. Attention to the overland bridges in the world has been a mass of overproduction and the vast presence of this vehicle on the surface of towns and back to the early twentieth century, which led the police to go through traffic on foot trails. The investigation was taken with a target for effective analysis of the citizens's desire to use the bridges on foot - walk in the city. This inquiry, according to the nature of the aims for which it was foreseen, is of a form, a description, and, as it were, of a practical investigation. In order to analyze data analysis, through his central and mental processing software, the figures were first analyzed as to the working theories of his research. The basis for the theory test is used in T. s. The first item was tested with 13 goannas, and the average of the 4, 54, and the second theory with 12 ears and an average of 4.67. The results of this inquiry showed that footways were not good with immunological design and that it was necessary to use successfully tailors, as well as to use better construction groups and to create models of motocross bridges that were better suited to security and safety.

Parks and urban green spaces are part of the public spaces of cities and also the main arena of life and activity of local people for fun and entertainment, communication and association of people. Considering the importance of the level of social well-being and ensuring the security of parks, In the present study, this issue was discussed, focusing on the city of Abadan and the damage and threats to the security of public places and parks. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature.The basis of the study is based on field studies, direct observation of the interview and completion of the questionnaire. The purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship betweenThe physical criteria are the amount of traffic and social damage with the index of social security in the studied parks.The sample population includes all citizens of Abadan with the age of over 15 years old who refer to Moalem and Quds Park in Abadan. The research results show low security in the studied parks. The indicators related to social harms are higher than the average, which indicates the presence of social harms in the studied parks, the reason of which is according to the answers of the respondents, according to the priority of theft, the presence of vagrants and homeless people, group fights, distribution of drugs. In this research, all hypotheses were confirmed, and the results of this study showed that there was a statically significant relationship between the physical criteria for evaluating the security of the park (vegetation, etc.) and the social security index, between the amount of traffic and social security in parks, and also between social damage and social security.

The building breach is the difficulty that still remains unsolved as the cities are becoming more problematical and challenging. The increased extent and size of building breach and the harms on cities is undeniable and it is necessary to suitable action to prevent it. The present study aims to investigate the patterns that violate the constructions in Ramshir city.

It is an applied study that uses a descriptive- analytical method to examine the breach patterns and identify the preventative factors and their spatial distribution in that city. The required data was collected using a questionnaire filled by citizens that followed by recognizing the spatial construction breach distribution using ARCGIS package. To analyze the data, in addition to ARCGIS, the SPSS and EXCEL packages as well as combinational –analytical model ANP- DEMATEL were used.

The results showed that the   dominantly violating patterns in Ramshir is the addition of building index with an average 2.33 within five past years out of 8 indices. The elements affecting on the construction breach from citizens’ perspective, is the social factors with an average 3.95. Among the influencing measures for evaluating the rate of breach in Ramshir, it should be said that the most influential index is “having too little information of construction rules” index. The neighborhood3 and4 have the highest breach in construction. Finally, the recommendations and solutions were given.

The consequences of climate change are increasingly threatening cities and villages in various ways. Due to their location at the intersection of land and sea and the presence of significant human and economic resources, the coastal cities face greater threats from such hazards, especially floods. The existence of deteriorated fabrics also increases this vulnerability. This research aimed to evaluate and analyze the physical resilience of the deteriorated urban fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer against urban floods using a descriptive-analytical approach. For data analysis, the AHP analytical model was used to weigh the criteria and assess their importance, the SAW fuzzy method was employed to evaluate the final physical resilience, and GIS software was utilized for map plotting. According to the results, among the examined criteria, "elevation above sea level" and "distance from the shoreline and waterways" are the most important ones, with weights of 0.271 and 0.227, respectively. Additionally, based on the findings of this research, the deteriorated fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer has different levels of physical resilience. The areas in the "Bāzār," "Kheniyā," and "Arabs" neighborhoods have the lowest physical resilience, while the "Bāgh" neighborhood, due to its distance from the sea, higher elevation above sea level, and newer buildings, has shown greater physical resilience. Ultimately, based on the results, recommendations for improving the physical resilience of the deteriorated fabrics of the coastal city of Dayyer include, preventing urban expansion in low-lying and coastal areas and accelerating the renovation and reconstruction of these areas.

City as a living and dynamic entity has always been changing and developing. That is, rapid changes of urban life have brought about different concepts, theories, methods, and those issues related to the cities. One of the significant causes of urban changes is population. It is also one of the key elements of socio-economic development. The exact prediction of the population structure will make a significant ground for future economic development. Accordingly, awareness of the population structure and trend, as well as its dimensions and extent, will be an ensuring tool for effective decision-making and planning for all issues. Therefore, attention to population structure is a must. This study tried to explore the trend of population changes in Ahvaz metropolis. It took into account the components that shape and change the population structure. The purpose was to include human factor in the related issues. For the purpose, the macro population component, including age, gender, population growth, population density, fertility, literacy, migration, etc. were included. The aim of the inclusion was to identify the criteria of the population structure and to explicate the status of these components at the city level, and finally, to predict and provide desirable scenarios for improving the population of the city. This study tried to see: to what extent are the population components effective in changing the population of Ahvaz? and, what are the most significant population scenarios in Ahvaz?

This applied study used a descriptive-analytical method. At the first stage, using Delphi method and based on the opinions of 15 university professors and experts of relevant organizations, the components that explain population changes were identified. In the analysis stage, 11 factors were used as strong factors that influence on population changes in Ahvaz metropolis. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MicMac software were used for this purpose. Finally, using Spectrum software, the population was predicted in horizon of 2051.

At first the factors affecting population change in Ahvaz metropolis were identified. Then, these factors were entered into a Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM). To do this, a questionnaire was designed. This questionnaire asked the respondents to specify the type of pairwise relationships between the factors. SSIM states that the opinions of experts should be obtained through various management techniques such as brainstorming, nominal group, and development of content relationships between variables. Therefore, the self-interaction matrix was formed using four modes of conceptual relationships and was completed by 15 university professors and experts of the subject matter. The data was summarized based on the structural-interpretive modeling method, and the final structural self-interaction matrix was formed. The results showed that seven factors of age structure, gender structure, population growth, fertility, mortality, migration, and life expectancy (with a penetration power of 11) had exerted the greatest impact, and unemployment, active population, and literacy, with a total penetration power of 11, and the population density with a penetration power of 6 exerts the least impact. Regarding the dimensions, the results showed that 7 factors (with a penetration power of 11) cab be considered the main dimensions of population change in Ahvaz. Except for the population density that is in the group of dependent variables, other factors are in the first group; that is, related variables that according to the experts have high penetration power and dependence and exert the greatest impact on population changes of the city. The decreased fertility and emigration were identified as the two main factors in reducing the population growth of Ahvaz. The population growth rate was 4.95 in 1976 and reached 3.34 in 2016. This number was predicted to be 1.82 in the horizon of 2051. Moreover, the fertility rate is below the replacement level. The emigration status of this city that has always had negative over the past decades. The two factors were identified as the two main factors in the sharp decline of the population growth of the city. Several studies have identified the two factors as the main factors in reducing the population growth rate in human settlements.

The results revealed that gender structure, population density, fertility, unemployment, active population, and literacy are among the factor that exert the most influence on population changes. The factors of age structure, population growth, mortality, migration, and life expectancy are among the most affected factors. Moreover, the results of MicMac revealed that all factors except the population density are among the related variables. Finally, the best scenario for population prediction in the horizon of 2051 was the third scenario (reduced fertility). The scenario recorded more than 98% accuracy in population estimation.

Coastal regions, as the intersection of two distinct ecosystems, serve as one of the most active areas worldwide for the interaction and mutual communication of marine and terrestrial organisms, while providing diverse ecosystem services to humans.The macroeconomic-political approaches of nations towards coastal areas, followed by population and economic influx, have resulted in coastal cities being acknowledged as centers of population receptivity and arenas of competition among diverse groups for access to aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem services. Conflicting interests among these groups and an ineffective top-down management pattern in industrial coastal cities such as Mahshahr and Asalouyeh have exacerbated the adverse impacts of various socio-economic processes on the sustainability of coastal ecosystems, intensifying the clash between economic growth and environmental preservation. This study endeavors to quantitatively examine the associations between the governance patterns of industrial coastal cities and environmental justice within these regions. The primary objective is to develop a model that elucidates this relationship and, based on the formulated hypotheses, establish a framework for enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of participatory decision-making processes. The ultimate aim is to foster the preservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems, ensure the sustainability of ecosystem services, and mitigate environmental justice disparities during the course of economic and social development in industrial coastal cities and coastal towns.

The present study adopts a quantitative approach grounded in the established paradigm of positivism. The target population consists of residents of industrial coastal cities. The accessible population includes the resident population of Asalouyeh (Bushehr province) and Mahshahr (Khuzestan province). Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, and data analysis and modeling of the relationships between variables were performed using SPSS 26 and SMART-PLS 4 software.The study area encompasses the coastal cities of Asalouyeh and Mahshahr. Asalouyeh is located in the southernmost part of Bushehr province and serves as the center of Asalouyeh county. It has a long history of industrial, commercial, and fishing activities. The port of Mahshahr, on the other hand, is currently industrialized and serves as the center of Mahshahr County. It is situated on the transit routes of land, sea, and rail transportation, making it a significant and strategic port, along with the Imam Khomeini port complex.

The present study employed a three-section approach to assess model fit, including measurement model fit, structural model fit, and overall model fit. The measurement model fit was evaluated using factor loadings, average variance extracted, composite reliability, and two convergent and discriminant validity measures. Convergent validity was computed based on the extracted factor loadings and average variance values, while the Fornell-Larcker criterion was utilized to calculate discriminant validity.The results indicated that the factor loadings of each item exceeded 0.5, indicating satisfactory reliability of the model. Furthermore, the composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Fornell-Larcker table values surpassed the acceptable thresholds, indicating a good fit of the measurement model.The present study utilized the cross-loading validity index to assess the quality of the measurement model. The Q² values indicated that the selected tool for measuring the latent variable had an acceptable level of quality, thereby validating the measurement model of the study. The results obtained from partial least squares analysis, as presented in Figures (3) and (4) and Table (5), indicated that all path coefficients and t-values were significant, with values greater than 1.96 and p-values less than 0.05, respectively, supporting the main hypotheses based on the collected data from the study population.Furthermore, the mediator variable of social capital was found to have a moderate effect, ranging from 20% to 80%, in the relationship between desirable governance and environmental justice, indicating partial mediation.

The findings of this study demonstrate a robust and statistically significant relationship between desirable governance and environmental justice. Moreover, the study introduces social capital as a significant mediator in the relationship between desirable governance and environmental justice. The significance of the association between desirable governance and social capital has been validated in previous research.Based on these results and the substantial link between desirable governance and environmental justice, along with the mediating role of social capital, it is recommended to transition the management approach of industrial coastal cities towards desirable governance. This transition can be accomplished by implementing principles and indicators of desirable governance, such as enhancing participation, transparency, effectiveness, efficiency in decision-making and planning, and responsiveness to diverse stakeholders. These measures will establish a solid foundation for advancing environmental justice in various aspects.Furthermore, particular attention should be given to augmenting the level of social capital through well-defined and practical planning. This strategic focus will establish the necessary groundwork for leveraging social capital to enhance the effectiveness of desirable governance in industrial coastal cities, ultimately fostering environmental justice.

Among the issues that are evident in Fardis City and require a comprehensive and future-oriented regeneration plan is the existence of worn-out texture and settlements, which have a significant physical density considering their population. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Fardis City, and to determine the sample size, 30 experts and specialists were selected, respectively, for a) specifying the reasons using the Delphi method, b) completing the cross-impacts matrix and entering it into the MicMac software, and c) determining the level of importance and uncertainty of key factors. The Delphi method is a structured process for collecting and classifying the knowledge available to experts. In cross-impact analysis, the interrelationships among various subsystems are examined. Based on the data, the ownership issue with a score of 73 was identified as the most effective and the disturbance of the image and landscape with a score of 77 was identified as the most susceptible driving force. Key factors include ownership issues, non-compliance with urban development plans, lack of municipal oversight, low economic level, unprincipled decision-making, lack of homogeneity among existing parcels, lack of a comprehensive attitude to the region, organic nature of the texture, and lack of a coherent texture development plan. Considering the importance of regeneration for the inefficient urban texture of Fardis and considering the future studies approach in the research, three scenarios are developed focusing on the ownership issue, low economic level, and lack of a coherent urban development plan. Based on the results, scenario 1 is considered the most desirable and scenario 3 is considered the worst for the area under study in Fardis.

Urban viability means the power and ability of a place to meet the basic and biological needs of city residents in material and spiritual dimensions and to solve socio-cultural and economic problems and dilemmas, to create partnership and justice, access to infrastructures, Security, housing, and ultimately the quality of life and growth and prosperity of citizens. Achieving a livable city requires knowing the indicators, variables and factors affecting it. In this regard; The aim of the current research is to identify the factors affecting the livability of Kermanshah city. The current research is practical in terms of targeting.  

This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the process of data preparation and production, the factors affecting the livability of Kermanshah city have been identified using the opinions of 20 experts, including professors and experts in universities and research centers through the Delphi method. In order to analyze the information of fourteen factors as strong influencing factors on urban livability, Kermanshah city, ISM structural-interpretative modeling was used and then with Mic-Mac software.

The findings of the research showed that the most basic factors of viability are related to the third level, which are related to employment and income, health, participation, consumption management and housing. These factors have the highest power of influence and are considered among the key and influential factors of viability in the city of Kermanshah, which should be given serious attention in any decision related to the viability of the city of Kermanshah. 

According to the results obtained from the Mick Mick analysis, it can be stated that the main factors related to the livability of Kermanshah city are among the social factors. On the other hand, the results obtained from the MEC analysis show that green space and vegetation variables, which are dependent variables, have strong dependence and weak direction.

Rural towns are one of the most successful examples of settlements that have a significant impact on the elimination of regional imbalances and regional inequalities. The purpose of the current research is to investigate and evaluate the role of the small city of Tawheed in the sustainable development of regional settlements, In terms of practical-theoretical purpose, this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method, and documentary, library, and survey studies have been used. The statistical population of the research has been determined and estimated to be (374) people. To select statistical samples using a simple random sampling method and to analyze data using one-sample T-test and Friedman test with SPSS software and population density analysis (Kernel density) was used using ARC GIS software. The results of the analysis of statistical tests to investigate the effect and role of the small town of Tawheed in the dimensions of the stability of the settlements in the sphere of influence showed that the management dimension has the highest score with (3.34) and the socio-cultural indicators with (2.61) have the lowest score. The findings of the research show a direct and meaningful relationship between the dimensions of development. Finally, the results of the T-Tech test showed that the four studied components with a significance level of less than 0.05 affect the strengthening of Tawheed city in the direction of strengthening regional development. Based on the spatial analysis (population density) carried out, there is a significant relationship between geographical factors such as distance and proximity and the degree of relationship with the city. That is, the villages that are located at a closer distance from the city have a greater relationship with the city, as a result, the population is more concentrated in them and their stability is more, and the opposite is also true. It should be said that small cities, especially surrounding settlements, leave mostly positive and sometimes negative effects on the surrounding areas in various dimensions, which have been discussed in this research.

New urbanism is one of the most important movements related to the design of urban spaces, which aims to create a better space for citizens. The plans presented from the point of view of New urbanism include new changes and developments in the urban area, urban renewal and the preparation of a map of the suburbs. EDAS and BWM models have been used in this research. This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The required information and data have been collected through library and field methods. In this study, the effective indicators are: land acquisition cost, land area, distance to the main road network, distance to high-traffic streets, adjacent land use type, distance to commercial centers, distance to service centers, distance to pilgrimage centers, distance to historical centers, distance to medical centers, distance to educational centers, population density of the region and distance to administrative centers. These indicators have been weighted using the best-worst method, whose calculations were performed by Lingo software. Then, with the Idas method, the calculations of which are done in Excel software, the desired options are ranked. The results show that the land price index received the most weight, and the indicators of distance to medical centers and distance to high-traffic streets were ranked second and third, respectively. Then, using the Idas method, the final ranking has been done and the best option of the railway land has been introduced, and after that, Ahvaz commercial complex has been selected as the second option.

Today, the crisis of urban development has gained wider dimensions in most parts of the world. The emergence of such a situation is caused by the general conditions of societies in the present era. In recent decades, the growth of the urban population has increased sharply with the large migration of people to the cities. The urban environment, which determines the health and well-being of city dwellers, is in crisis. The present study examines the status of healthy city indicators in Bushehr, one of the coastal cities of Iran. Descriptive-analytical research method and data were collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 72 people, including experts, experts and urban managers of the coastal city of Bushehr, who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to experts and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and the Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0.83; This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using t-test. The results of the current research indicated that, in total, the results showed that: 1) the health component with a coefficient of (76.280); 2) public health component with coefficient (129/266); 3) comfort component with coefficient (107.346); 4) Security component with coefficient (111.160) and 5) Beauty component with coefficient (116.466) are significant. The calculated average score of the subjects is in the 95% confidence interval of the t test and is in its upper limit; And it indicates that the urban health in the coastal city of Bushehr is in a good and suitable condition.

In recent years, some suitable programs and measures have been implemented to strengthen the infrastructures, strengthen and modernize worn out and vulnerable urban tissues and reform crisis management systems. But at the same time, in urban management, the approach of resilience and maintaining balance in times of crisis has not been designed, and most of the programs and actions were focused on the physical safety of the city. And addressing the infrastructure and social, economic and inter-institutional management dimensions that are aspects of urban resilience have been neglected. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the key factors affecting the resilience of worn-out tissue in Behbahan city. The current study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In this research, library and documentary methods are used for data collection and MICMAC software is used for data analysis. Finally, 17 variables affecting resilience in social, economic, organizational-institutional, and physical-environmental dimensions are identified and analyzed and ranked in MigMeg software. The statistical population of the research is 20 experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, crisis management, and future research, who were selected by targeted sampling. The statistical population of the research is 20 experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, crisis management, and future research, who were selected by targeted sampling. Therefore, among the 17 driving forces, 7 driving forces have a key effect on the future state of the resilience of the worn-out tissue of Behbahan city. Physical texture and structure, institutional performance, urban infrastructure, severity of damage, density, uses, and access are among the key drivers influencing the future resilience of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city.The results of this research show that the general pattern of dispersion of propellants of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the propellants under study, in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, state It is complex and intermediate. Therefore, among the 17 driving forces, 7 driving forces have a key effect on the future state of resilience of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city. Physical texture and structure, institutional performance, urban infrastructure, severity of damage, density, uses, and access are among the key drivers influencing the future of the resilience of the dilapidated fabric of Behbahan city.The results of this research show that the general pattern of dispersion of propellants of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the propellants under study, in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, state It is complex and intermediate. Therefore, among the 17 driving forces, 7 driving forces have a key effect on the future state of resilience of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city. Physical texture and structure, institutional performance, urban infrastructure, severity of damage, density, uses, and access are among the key drivers influencing the future of the resilience of the dilapidated fabric of Behbahan city.The results of this research show that the general pattern of dispersion of propellants of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the propellants under study, in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, state It is complex and intermediate. Therefore, among the 17 driving forces, 7 driving forces have a key effect on the future state of resilience of the worn-out fabric of Behbahan city. Physical texture and structure, institutional performance, urban infrastructure, severity of damage, density, uses, and access are among the key drivers influencing the future of the resilience of the dilapidated fabric of Behbahan city.In recent years, some suitable programs and measures have been implemented to strengthen the infrastructures, strengthen and modernize worn out and vulnerable urban tissues and reform crisis management systems. But at the same time, in urban management, the approach of resilience and maintaining balance in times of crisis has not been designed, and most of the programs and actions were focused on the physical safety of the city. And addressing the infrastructure and social, economic and inter-institutional management dimensions that are aspects of urban resilience have been neglected.

Natural factors play the main role in the formation and determining the development directions of residential areas. The cities of Khuzestan province have also been affected by natural factors. In fact, the location of the cities of Khuzestan has been directly affected by natural factors. In this research, the most important natural factors affecting the physical development of cities in Khuzestan province have been explained. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used, and research data has been obtained through library studies and satellite images. According to the obtained results, the rivers of Khuzestan province have caused various cities to form along them and to develop in that stretch. The southern coastline of Khuzestan province has caused important cities to be established next to it. The wetlands of Khuzestan province have played a direct role in the establishment and development of the western and eastern cities of the province. The ridges of Khuzestan province have prevented the advancement of residential areas towards those areas as a limiting obstacle. Also, the morphology of the Khuzestan plain has been effective as the most important factor in the establishment and development of the cities of Khuzestan province. According to the mentioned cases, it can be concluded that the main factor in the induction, development and development directions of the cities of Khuzestan were natural factors.

today, the urban population of the world is increasing and this increasing and unbridled growth has involved the residents of the cities with many problems and has caused all kinds of insecurity and social anomalies. The climate crisis is one of the main challenges of the 21st century which leads to social unrest and threatens livelihood, stability, and prosperity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the role of urban planning in creating social security in the conditions of climate change in Ahvaz metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library documentary studies and field surveys.

In this regard, first, the trend of changes in climatic parameters for a period of 50 years (seasonal and annual) of the Ahvaz synoptic station was investigated using the Mann-Kendall statistical test, Then, the structural consequences of climate change in Ahvaz city was modeled using the system dynamics approach. In this research, which is based on a systemic approach, The effective and efficient factors involved in the subject and the relationships between them were investigated through causal and effectual loops in Vensim software.

The findings of the research show that during the studied period of climate changes in the city of Ahvaz, it has shown itself in the form of increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation, increasing relative humidity, and decreasing solar radiation. During the 60-year process, the average temperature was (48) degrees Celsius with an increase of (0.01) degrees every year, which shows an increasing trend. Also, the investigation of the annual rainfall changes in Ahvaz station during the 50-year process, with an average rainfall of (72) mm and a decrease of about (0.0186) mm per year, there has been a decreasing trend.

The results show the fact that climate changes in Ahvaz city have various social-security consequences. Direct effects on various facilities-infrastructure and planning-management sectors, including reduction of investments, damage to infrastructure, marginalization and increase in costs, the most important of which are reduction of quality of life, reduction of welfare and social anomalies and insecurity in urban spaces.

Nowadays, the risk of subsidence as a natural risk has covered many cities, including Izeh city. Considering that subsidence is associated with many negative effects for residential areas, in this research, the amount of subsidence in the Izeh Plain and the analysis of factors influencing its occurrence have been evaluated. In this research, Landsat satellite images, Sentinel 1 radar images, SRTM 30 meters high digital model and library information were used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, ENVI, IDRISI and GMT. The models used in the research included maximum likelihood model, LCM model and SBAS model. This research has been done in two general stages, in the first stage, the subsidence of the region was evaluated using the SBAS time series method, and in the second stage, using Landsat satellite images, the development process of man-made uses and areas A settlement has been evaluated. According to the results, the city of Izeh has subsided between 13 and 68 mm during a period of 2 years (from 2020/10/01 to 2022/15/01), the highest amount of which is related to the southern and southern regions. It was east of this city. Also, the results of this research have shown that the residential and man-made urban areas and urban outskirts of Izeh have encountered an increase of 7.2 square kilometers during the years 1992 to 2022, and considering that the highest amount of subsidence is also related to this has been areas. Also, based on the studies conducted in Izeh Plain, this plain is faced with the annual discharge of 14.8 Million Cubic Meters of underground water. The total results have shown that human factors, the development of man-made uses and the decline of underground water resources have caused the city of Izeh, especially its southern and southeastern regions, to be at risk of subsidence.

achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. urban water security has created significant concern for urbanization and climate change. Having systems thinking and integrated management can help to understand the mechanisms that affect the long-term water security of a city. Today, the metropolis of Ahvaz has become one of the largest cities in Iran due to the development of economic, social, cultural, and political activities with the growing population. Considering that the process of urban construction and development and excessive population growth in this metropolis was not subject to a pre-determined and codified plan and its water supply and distribution plans were not consistent with the increase in population; Therefore, in this city, like all the big cities of Iran and the world, there are various problems in terms of water security. Global climate change, geographical features of this metropolis, environmental issues, pollution of water resources and insufficient water resources for the current population on the one hand and the other hand the increasing industrial use of water, the existence of large industries, and new and growing cities and towns around this The metropolis as well as the huge consumption of water in the agricultural lands around the city of Ahvaz has made the water resources more limited. The continuation of this trend is all reason for the need for comprehensive planning and assessment of water security for the future. to analyze the trend of changes in climatic parameters of precipitation and discharge of Ahvaz station, the period of 70 years ( 1330 - 1400 ) was studied And the time trend of changes in the aforementioned climatic parameters was calculated using the Menkendall non-parametric test in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series during the statistical period of the study. The results showed that during the studied period of the year, there have been changes in climatic parameters in the city of Ahvaz in the form of a decrease in precipitation and a decrease in discharge, and this has had consequences for the metropolis of Ahvaz. This study presents a systematic approach to better understanding urban water security, with a working definition and an assessment framework for application in urban areas. The assessment framework for achieving urban water security depends on four main dimensions: Drinking water and humans, ecosystem, climate changes, and risks related to water and socio-economic factors. This framework allows further analysis of the relationships and trade-offs between urbanization and water security, as well as between the aforementioned indicators. Applying this framework will help governments, policymakers, and water stakeholders target scarce resources more effectively and sustainably. This study shows that achieving urban water security requires a comprehensive and integrated approach with common stakeholders to provide a meaningful way to improve the management and understanding of urban water security.

Population growth and the expansion of settlements in high-risk region, especially in developing countries is increasing. In urban areas, the normal effects of natural disasters may not be so damaging but when it comes to human societies and human knowledge Become a natural crisis - a technological one Includes a combination of physical injuries and urban dysfunction.considering the location of Ilam province in terms of seismicity and lack of proper location of its settlements and its location on active faults,identify region unfavorable for earthquake hazard and prevent the establishment of human settlements in these areas is essential to reduce risks in the future which can be mentioned as the most important goal of this research.

The present study has studied the safety of urban planning with the consideration of safety principles.the research a applied developmental approach and a combination research method (descriptive, analytical, and field).

The have been used to analyze by GIS, Grafer, VISIO, SPSS and TOPSIS models.the results show that average vulnerability caused by earthquakes between (0 and 1) in Ilam province, against 0/4 percent.Dehloran urban region has the highest earthquake vulnerability in the physical index among all of the province's cities.also in terms of study; the amount of TOPSIS achieved In this region is 0/6 percent more and the Shirvan region had the lowest level of 0/11 percent.

Analyzing the structure and morphological patterns of the urban network has a fundamental role in the understanding of the population distribution process and the communication and service patterns of the urban system in the regional area. Considering this importance, in this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the morphological structure of the urban network in Khuzestan province. Analytical indicators of the research are to identify the structure and morphological patterns of the distance of population nodes and the hierarchy of the communication network in the Khuzestan province. Net draw and Uci NET flow and network analysis software were used for data analysis. The results show that based on the distance index of population nodes in the province, the morphological pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, radial and network. Meanwhile, according to the intra-regional communication network index, the dominant pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, which forms a network pattern by increasing the functional range of the communication network. The results of the research show that the majority of the urban network in Khuzestan province is small and medium in size and in close distances they have a linear morphological pattern, and with the increase in the distance of geographical centers and the functional scope of the communication network due to the presence of several dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful, A network pattern is formed around the axis of these cities in the morphology of the urban network of the province

Investigating the morphology of the urban network in a geographical space is done in the framework of achieving the goal of balancing the land use. As the center of concentration of population, capital, flow of goods, services, innovation, etc., cities play an important role in planning as an element of space balance in regional and national scales. The balanced organization of space is possible with the scientific understanding of urban network morphology because the organization of spatial forms is formed through urban communication at different spatial levels. The urban network of Khuzestan province has been formed on the basis of different environmental, economic and social diversity. The existence of various spaces has caused diversity in the function and role of cities (port, commercial, basic energy industry) of the province. In this regard, the dispersion of cities in the macro-geographical level along with the diversity in role and function has affected the urban morphology. In this research, by analyzing the morphological structure of the urban network of Khuzestan province based on the variables of the distance between the population nodes and the communication network, the relationship between the types of morphological patterns and the performance of the cities is discussed.

This research is practical and has been done with "descriptive-analytical" method. The data has been collected from library documents and data, providing at the provincial and national institutions. To draw and analyze the morphology of the Khuzestan urban network in two separate parts, the communication network index based on service-based relationships as well as the distance of population nodes (cities) in the spatial area of Khuzestan province has been used. To analyze the data and draw the morphology of the urban network of the province in two dimensions of the communication network and the distance of the nodes from three Gower functions; Closeness and Varimax have been used in UciNET and Net Draw software.

In the findings section, the morphological patterns of the urban network of the province were analyzed based on the distance of population nodes in three radii of 10, 30 and 50 km, based on which it was determined that the reason for the formation of the linear pattern is due to the small size of the cities. It is mostly seen in the central, western and southern parts of the province. In this pattern, the absence of dominant cities near small cities is influential, which is an important reason for the formation of a linear pattern in the near distance for the cities of Khuzestan province, which are mostly small in size. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on the distance between nodes, network and ring patterns have been formed when dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful metropolises have played a role in the urban network structure and the morphological structure of the urban network of the province. In the formation of the linear-circular pattern, the main factor was the large distance between the cities of the province in the central, northern and southern and western-eastern parts.
In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. Similar to the node distance index, in the communication hierarchy index, in close distances, most of the cities have found a linear pattern due to their small size, and their morphological ring is due to the existence of dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful and Ramshir, which are nearby cities. To them, they obey them in communication interactions as communication nodes. As the distance increases, network polygons in all four corners of the province with dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful, Abadan and Bandar Mahshahr and connecting cities such as Hamidiyeh, Shush, Shushtar, Andimshek and Suleiman Mosque and Behbahan form the morphology of the urban network of the province. They give a grid shape.

The results of this research using the mentioned two indices, i.e. the distance between population nodes and the intra-regional communication network pattern, showed that from the point of view of focal waste index or geographical nodes, based on the dominant patterns in the theoretical literature presented for urban network morphology, three dominant morphological patterns were obtained in the urban network of Khuzestan province, which were linear-circular, radial and network patterns. While from the point of view of the communication network pattern index, the dominant morphological pattern for the urban network of the province was linear-circular, which with increasing the functional radius of the communication network, a network pattern is formed in the morphology of the urban network of the province. Examining the existing approaches and the background of the research shows that the best model for evaluating successful urban morphology is a network model with strong and synergistic links of two-way and multi-way interactions between the urban network, and the weakest morphological models are linear and radial models or center around It is a sign of the hierarchy and centrality of the structure, communication and function of the cities of a region. In this regard, a finding of this research made it clear that multi-dimensional and multi-functional interaction is not dominant in the urban network of Khuzestan province, and strong nuclei such as Ahvaz and Dezful form a circular pattern to meet needs and demand, and a linear pattern is also the pattern that governs relations and The communication between the small cities of the province is in close and even medium distances, and this type of pattern itself shows the poverty of having a proper, complementary and decisive position for the cities of the province to take an interactive, service and communication role suitable for themselves and their sphere of influence. Considering the importance of studying the structure, function and morphological patterns of the urban network in regional development and its role in the analysis and development of approaches based on sustainable land use, the present study from a morphological point of view was able to, according to the available data, based on Indexes of node distance and communication network to analyze the urban network of Khuzestan province. In this regard, future studies can analyze the urban network of the province and the interactions and functions of the urban network by relying on more and more diverse indicators such as the role of physical structure and also the pattern of dominant activities in the regional area.

According to the approach of the World Health Organization, elderly-friendly cities include those urban spaces in which the distribution of public services is such that it is most appropriate to the needs and limitations of the elderly. According to the statistics, the city of Ahvaz, like the whole country, is moving towards the aging of the population and old age.

The present research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method with a survey approach.

As a result, there is a difference between the indicators of the elderly-friendly city at the level of 95% confidence. In other words, the indicators of the elderly-friendly city from the participants’ perspective did not have the same priority. Accordingly, the social status index with an average rank of 1.81 has the highest score, and the health services index with a score of 1.06 has the lowest score. The regional results also show that the significance level obtained from the Friedman test is less than 0.05. There is a difference between the elderly-friendly city indicators in the eight districts of Ahvaz at the confidence level of 95%. In other words, the elderly-friendly city indicators have not had the same priority from the point of view of the respondents living in the regions. So, Zones 1 and 8, with the average rank of 2.88 and 2.79, have the highest rank, and Zone 6, with the score of 2.21, has the lowest. Analysis of structural equation model to investigate the effect of indicators of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz according to the coefficients of determination (R2) showed that the changes in the variable are significantly dependent on changes in independent variables of the research. Due to being positive Subscription index and redundancy index and three values of 0.01, 0.25, 0.36, which are introduced as low, intermediate, and high GOF values and obtaining 0.50 for GOF, the appropriate fit of the model was confirmed.

The model explained to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz also showed that the changes of the dependent variable depend to a considerable extent on the changes of the independent variables of the research. In other words, independent research variables can explain up to 50% of the dependent variable, indicating the proposed model’s desirability.

The increasing trend of population has caused cities to face significant physical development in recent years. In many cities, unplanned physical development has been associated with environmental degradation and environmental hazards. One of the areas that has faced with a lot of physical development in recent years is the city of Hendijan in Khuzestan province. In this research, Landsat satellite images, 30 meters high digital model and different information layers are used as the most important research data. The tools used in the research include ArcGIS (to prepare the desired maps), ENVI (to process satellite images and prepare land use maps) and IDRISI (to implement the LCM model). Also, the most important model used in the research was the LCM model, which was used to evaluate the spatial trend of land use changes. The results of this research have shown that the size of the residential areas of Hendijan city has increased by about 1.6 square kilometers during a period of 30 years. The results of the evaluation of land use changes in the region have shown that during the period of 30 years, 1.15 square kilometers of barren lands, 0.4 square kilometers of agricultural lands and 0.05 square kilometers of gardens have been converted into settlements. Also, the results of the evaluation of the spatial trend of changes have shown that the highest development rate of the residential areas was related to the northern areas of the ​​Hendijan.

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the important parameters in the study of climate change and physical processes of the earth's surface. Rising land temperature causes the phenomenon of heat islands, which is caused by changes in land-use and land cover in urban areas and today has become a major environmental concern. Ahvaz metropolis, as the capital of Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran, has undergone many changes in land-use and land cover in recent years and has enjoyed significant population growth. In recent years, the pattern of unbalanced urban development in Ahvaz has led to the destruction of agricultural lands, vegetation and gardens around the city as one of the most important factors balancing the land surface temperature. This has led to an increase in land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands. The purpose of this study is to investigate land-use changes in Ahvaz and its effects on spatio-temporal patterns of land surface temperature and heat islands in the years 2002-2021.

First, the land-use changes were studied and then, in order to evaluate the relationship between the changes in each Land-use and the land surface temperature, the maximum temperature in each land-use was determined and then the amount of changes was investigated. Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2013/2020) images downloaded from the USGS. Object-oriented method was used for classification. Educational samples were implemented on the image surface and their corresponding objects were selected as educational samples for each class. The classification was done by SVM algorithm and the user maps were classified into four classes including vegetation, barren areas, constructed areas and water areas. In this study, estimating the LST was performed base on separate window Algorithm and with Landsat 7 ETM+ band 6 and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS band 11 data. In this Study, LST was estimated using Split-Window (SW) algorithm on Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands. Then the NDVI values, Vegetation Proportion and Radiated Power were obtained. Finally, The LST value was extracted based on degrees Celsius. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between LST and air temperature. RMSE values was used to compare the estimated temperature by SW algorithm and the measured temperature by Field research. Also, two indices UHII and UHIII were used to calculate the intensity of heat islands. These indices evaluate the LST using the values of vegetation in one area.

According to the results of this study, Kappa coefficients and overall accuracy were 74% and 76% for year 2002 map, 78% and 85% for year 2013 map and 88% and 93% for year 2020 map, respectively. The area of built-up and barren areas has increased and the area of vegetation and water areas has decreased. The rate of increase in land-use of the constructed areas from 2002 to 2020 was about 579.69 hectares and the decrease in vegetation cover was 3200.15 hectares. The barren areas have increased by 2521.66 hectares from 2002 to 2020. Pearson correlation coefficient between air temperature and LST values of 0.65% is obtained, which shows a positive correlation. The RMSe values in comparison with LST and measured temperature by Field research for the images of 2002, 2013 and 2020 was 1.79, 1.66 and 0.98 degrees, respectively. According to the results, the LST values in year 2002 fluctuated about 24.48-42.55, in year 2013 about 26.32-44.47 and in year 2020 about 28.13-46.65 degrees Celsius. The results of LST show an increasing trend of temperature during the period 2020-2020. After estimating the LST, the maximum temperature of each user was determined, which showed the increasing trend of temperature in all applications. The decreasing trend of vegetation has a direct effect on increasing LST in this land-use. The temperature of this land-use has increased by 6.32 degrees in 2002-2020. Over a period of 18 years, the LST in built-up areas and barren areas has increased by 4.10 and 5.26 degrees, respectively. In order to study the spatio-temporal patterns of LST and heat islands, first with NDVI index, vegetation status in each year was divided into three classes of low, medium and high vegetation and then LST values in each category were determined. According to the results, the highest temperature occurred in the floor with low vegetation. The correlation between the two variables LST and NDVI was significant and regression between them showed an inverse correlation that indicated a negative relationship between LST and vegetation. Therefore, vegetation plays an important role in reducing the intensity of the heat island. UHIII index values in the low vegetation class from 0.63 to 0.67, in the medium vegetation class from 0.57 to 0.61 and in the high vegetation class from 0.51 to 0.54 it is arrived. The highest intensity of heat islands in 2002, 2013 and 2020 were in the southern, eastern and northwestern parts of the city, respectively.

According to the research results, land-use changes in the study period have caused an increase in land surface temperature. The highest temperatures have occurred in built-up areas and barren areas; this is due to the increase in the area of built-up and barren areas. Decreased vegetation has a direct effect on increasing LST in this land-use. The NDVI, UHII, UHIII indices and LST values were used to study the spatio-temporal patterns of land surface temperature and heat islands. The results indicate high temperatures in the vegetation with low vegetation. Due to the correlation of NDVI values with land surface temperature and the intensity of heat islands, the necessity and importance of vegetation protection as a very important variable to regulate the air temperature in the city is essential.

The need to investigate urban issues in a systematic way, connected to socio-economic fields, is one of the main tasks of urban planning. One of the fields that needs this type of analysis is the field of inefficiency and urban decay, which has been studied and investigated mainly in the form of inefficient and isolated urban textures. In this regard, the lack of recognition of the process of urban decay has made urban plans ineffective in many cases. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the factors and results of urban decay in Iran, and to identify the trends of urban decay.

A quantitative method has been used for this research. The statistical sample equals 10 experts in the field of urban studies. Two models MicMac and ScenarioWizard have been used. The first model is used to identify the influential factors and the second model is used to predict the future trends of the explanatory indicators of urban decay in Iran.

45 indicators related to urban decay were compared. The causal cases were identified. Finally, it was found that widespread financial corruption, distribution of rents from oil (subsidized) revenues, non-integrated urban management, distribution of rents for jobs and government positions, influence of state-government institutions in the creation and joining of new areas to cities are the most causal factors of urban decay. Based on future trend analysis 8 scenarios imply on urban decay with higher rate and 14 scenarios urban decay will continue with current rate.

Paying attention to the results obtained in this research will be efficient for decision makers of macro planning and urban planning at the national and regional levels.