shahnaz maleki

Education is one of the most basic needs of human societies and one of the axes of development, and problem-solving is a vital skill for living in the present age. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of lecture (face-to-face) and multimedia (virtual) training on the problem-solving skills of nurses in 2023.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research design of the pre-test and post-test type with a control group. The research population consisted of all nurses working at the 15 Khordad Hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Participants were conveniently sampled and divided into two groups: one receiving training through lectures (using PowerPoint and a whiteboard along with Q&A) and the other receiving multimedia training (educational content on problem-solving skills and techniques necessary for coping with challenging situations, delivered in a workshop format across 4 sessions of 2 hours over 2 days). In the multimedia training group, after the pre-test, the prepared educational content was also sent as scenario-based material in a compressed file via social media networks. After the training was conducted, both groups were re-evaluated in the post-test, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 25 with independent t-tests.

The findings showed that the mean age and standard deviation of nurses in the intervention group was 33.44 ± 4.19, and in the control group it was 33±5.29. In terms of education, 88% in the intervention group and 84% in the control group had bachelor's degrees. Moreover, 84% of participants in the intervention group and 76% in the control group were married. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding problem-solving skills scores after the intervention, indicating that the intervention had a positive effect on problem-solving skills scores (p = 0.001).

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that education with a multimedia approach has a positive effect on the problem solving skills of nurses. It is recommended to use new and creative teaching methods such as multimedia approach to improve nurses’ problem-solving skills.

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death in pregnant women. One of the investment areas for maternal and neonatal health is targeted interventions to increase maternal safety to prevent traffic accidents. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and categorizing different types of safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents in pregnant women.

The study was a systematic review. Interventional articles from Persian databases including Magiran, Iran Medex, and SID, and English scientific information databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Sciencedirect, Embase, Science of Web, and Scopus were searched. All identified articles were collected by one person using Endnote software. Then, the full text of the articles was reviewed by two researchers and the articles that met the entry criteria were identified. Other articles were added to the previous collection of articles using forward citation and backward citation reviews. The EPHPP tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.

The initial search resulted in finding 5329 article abstracts. Eventually, two interventional studies were identified for evaluation in this study. The intervention approach used in one study was educational/behavioral and in the other was engineering/technology. Both studies reported that they had made significant changes in the desired outcomes, which was fastening the seat belt in pregnant women. One study was of poor quality in quality assessment and the other was of medium quality.

Safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents in pregnant women have been very little worked on worldwide. It seems that there is still much room for studies in the field of safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents among pregnant women.

Disinterest in having children, followed by a decrease in the total fertility rate in recent years, has been the common experience of developed countries and many developing countries, including Iran. Knowing the reasons for disinterest in having children is important for an effective population policy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the causes of disinterest in having children among married women in the Ilam province.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Ilam province in 2022. Families without children who did not want to have children were identified through the Integrated health system (SIB) and included in the study. The data was collected from the mothers using a questionnaire. SPSS software version 22.0 was used to analyze data. Independent t-test was used to compare the means, and chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to check the relationship between qualitative variables.

Seven hundred fifty-two households were investigated. The average age in women was 26.6 ± 5.2 years and 31.1 ± 4.8 years in men. The average age of marriage of men and women was 23.3 ± 0.5 years and 27.8 ± 4.6 years, respectively, and the average married life period was 3.2 ± 1.6 years. Worrying about not providing for the child's future with 67.7%, increasing economic problems in life with 60.50%, and not having enough income with 58% were the most important reasons mentioned by mothers for not wanting to have children. A statistically significant relationship was observed between urban and rural residence status with mental and psychological readiness for childbearing (p<0.01) and interference of childbearing with social responsibilities (p<0.01).

The results show that economic issues are one of the most important concerns for making decisions about having children. Along with effective incentive policies, especially in financial terms, modeling the best practices for increasing childbearing in other countries will be an effective strategy.

Road traffic injuries are among the main causes of mortality in adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of an adjusted adolescent pedestrian behavior questionnaire (APBQ).

Using the 29‑item self‑report pedestrian behavior questionnaire designed by Sadeghi‑Bazargani et al. for all age groups as the framework, some of the items were removed depending on the type of behaviors among adolescents and some new questions were added. Eventually, the primary questionnaire was developed with 26 items, including 19 questions from Sadeghi‑Bazargani et al.’s questionnaire and seven new questions. The tool was adjusted for adolescents and the psychometric properties were determined among a randomly selected group of 300 Junior high school students in Rasht City, Iran. After determining face validity, content validity and construct validity of the tool by experts, the reliability of the tool was examined based on explorative factor analysis (EFA) with Promax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. Eventually, a self‑report questionnaire with 14 items was developed to assess the self‑report behavior of adolescent pedestrians.

The mean age of the participants was 13.59 (±0.92) years. The Kasier‑Meyer‑Olkin value was 0.828, which confirmed the EFA. The analysis by the maximum likelihood method with Promax rotation identified four factors with eigenvalues >1 and factor loading ≥0.5. Therefore, pedestrian behaviors were categorized into four groups (unsafe road crossing behavior, distraction, positive behavior, and playing on the road).

The APBQ can be a proper tool for self‑reporting adolescent pedestrians’ behaviors. It can also be used for studies on safe behaviors in adolescent pedestrians.

Aim: A theory-based research program can increase the participation of elderly people in terms of good nutritional behaviors. This study aimed at assessing the prediction of the nutritional improvement of elderly based on protection motivation theory (PMT).
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 elderly people over 60 years of age in the City of Hamadan in early April in 2016. The PMT-based questionnaire data were analyzed using measures of central tendency, dispersion, and independent t-tests.
Findings: The results showed that the knowledge item of the questionnaire had significant effect on all constructs of the model.
This study revealed that the PMT-based program had an effect on the improvement of nutritional performance of the elderly people; however, further investigations in other age and gender groups as well as using other educational methods are also recommended.

Today, job burnout and effective variables on its reduction or increase is one of the most important issues in human resource management. The relationship between key variables of psychological empowerment and quality of work life with job burnout is effective in solving problems of human resources and promotion of organization.
This study is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all health experts working in the health deputy of University of Medical Sciences in 2014. According to Krejcie & Morgan’s table (1970), the sample size determined equal to 148, which were selected using stratified sampling method. The tools used in the study were the standard psychological empowerment inventory of Spreitzer (1995), Walton’s questionnaire of quality of work life (1973), Maslach’s Job Burnout (1985) and a checklist made by the author. After collecting data, SPSS 22 and descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and related tables. Inferential statistics such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression and variance analysis tables were used for the analysis of data.
Findings: There is a significant inverse relationship between psychological empowerment and job burnout of health experts (r=0.280). Among dimensions of empowerment only the corresponding t with β of job was significant with coefficient of -0.314 in the error level of fewer than 5%. There is also a significant inverse relationship between quality of work life and job burnout of health experts (r=-0.154) and among dimensions of quality of work life only the corresponding t with β of providing opportunity of growth with coefficient of -0.379 was significant at the error level of fewer than 5%.
Discussion & These results indicated the importance of effective interventions in the field of implementing education programs on employee empowerment and improvement of the quality of work life with an emphasize on significant dimensions of job and providing growth opportunities in order to prevent job burnout among health experts by managers and planners of this field.

Health literacy is a major factor contributing to the effective control and prevention of diabetes. Diabetes patients with low health literacy have a lower adherence to self-care activities and blood sugar control. The present study was conducted to assess health literacy, knowledge and relevant factors in patients with type 2 diabetes presenting to a diabetes clinic in Zahedan, Iran, in 2014.
The present descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 patients with type 2 diabetes selected through convenience sampling in 2014. A valid and reliable health literacy and knowledge inventory was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics and the linear regression analysis.
The majority of the participating patients were woman (75.8%), illiterate (38.5%) and married (85.2%). A total of 31.3% of the patients had an adequate health literacy, 61.5% had a marginal and 7.1% an inadequate health literacy, while 58% had a high level of knowledge. A statistically significant relationship was observed between health literacy and the level of education (P0.05).
The study revealed the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes to have marginal health literacy, while health literacy was lower in women than in men. Simple training programs are recommended to be designed for improving health literacy, especially among women and people with lower levels of education.